{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:10:12Z","timestamp":1790615412015,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004541","name":"Ministry of Education, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD\/0114-IMHPC06-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD\/0114-IMHPC06-003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004541","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005808","name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005808","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011627","name":"IIT Bombay Industrial Research and Consultancy Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD\/0516-IRCCSH0-008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD\/0516-IRCCSH0-008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,8]],"date-time":"2022-01-08T11:31:29Z","timestamp":1641641489000},"page":"118797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Inequalities in occupational exposures among people using popular commute modes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"298","author":[{"given":"Arpan","family":"Patra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5801-0015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harish C.","family":"Phuleria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2020.102090","article-title":"Car users' exposure to particulate matter and gaseous air pollutants in megacity Cairo","volume":"56","author":"Abbass","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107008","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP1545","article-title":"Associations between ambient fine particulate oxidative potential and cardiorespiratory emergency department visits","volume":"125","author":"Abrams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2009.02.039","article-title":"Quantifying road dust resuspension in urban environment by multilinear engine: a comparison with PMF2","volume":"43","author":"Amato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4003","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b03430","article-title":"Review of acellular assays of ambient particulate matter oxidative potential: methods and relationships with composition, sources, and health effects","volume":"53","author":"Bates","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2017.03.006","article-title":"Exposure to fine particulate, black carbon, and particle number concentration in transportation microenvironments","volume":"157","author":"Betancourt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b03709","article-title":"Ambient air pollution exposure estimation for the global burden of disease 2013","volume":"50","author":"Brauer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.06.098","article-title":"Biomarkers of occupational exposure to air pollution, inflammation and oxidative damage in taxi drivers","volume":"463","author":"Brucker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18620","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-2007-1","article-title":"The impact of occupational exposure to traffic-related air pollution among professional motorcyclists from Porto Alegre, Brazil, and its association with genetic and oxidative damage","volume":"25","author":"Carvalho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188053","article-title":"Personal exposure to fine particulate air pollution while commuting: an examination of six transport modes on an urban arterial roadway","volume":"12","author":"Chaney","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(00)00425-8","article-title":"A case study of optical and chemical ground apportionment for urban aerosols in Thessaloniki","volume":"35","author":"Chazette","year":"2001","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqi125","article-title":"Occupational factors associated with low back pain in urban taxi drivers","volume":"55","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Occup. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c06193","article-title":"Environmental inequality deepened during the COVID-19 in the developing world","volume":"55","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-016-9885-2","article-title":"On-road measurements of pollutant concentration profiles inside Yangkou tunnel, Qingdao, China","volume":"39","author":"Cong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Geochem. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113547","article-title":"Particle exposure and inhaled dose while commuting in Lisbon","volume":"257","author":"Correia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1080\/15459620701643347","article-title":"Driver exposure to combustion particles in the US trucking industry","volume":"4","author":"Davis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.036","article-title":"Spatial PM2.5, NO2, O3 and BC models for western Europe\u2013evaluation of spatiotemporal stability","volume":"120","author":"de Hoogh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.01.006","article-title":"The built environment and health: impacts of pedestrian-friendly designs on air pollution exposure","volume":"407","author":"de Nazelle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.05.013","article-title":"A travel mode comparison of commuters' exposures to air pollutants in Barcelona","volume":"59","author":"de Nazelle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2802","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15122802","article-title":"Air pollution exposure in walking school bus routes: a New Zealand case study","volume":"15","author":"Dirks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2006.01.035","article-title":"Sputum induced cellularity in a group of traffic policemen","volume":"367","author":"Dragonieri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045237","article-title":"Viscoelastic properties of differentiating blood cells are fate-and function-dependent","volume":"7","author":"Ekpenyong","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2018.12.044","article-title":"Assessing neighborhood air pollution exposure and its relationship with the urban form","volume":"155","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2009.10.016","article-title":"Identification of brake wear particles and derivation of a quantitative tracer for brake dust at a major road","volume":"44","author":"Gietl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.10.037","article-title":"On-road PM2.5 pollution exposure in multiple transport microenvironments in Delhi","volume":"123","author":"Goel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20263","article-title":"Risk of esophageal, ovarian, testicular, kidney and bladder cancers and leukemia among Finnish workers exposed to diesel or gasoline engine exhaust","volume":"111","author":"Guo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2019.01.018","article-title":"Exposure to traffic-related particulate matter and deposition dose to auto rickshaw driver in Dhanbad, India","volume":"10","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Pollut. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12703","article-title":"Cross\u2010sectional study of in\u2010vehicle exposure to ultrafine particles and black carbon inside Lebanese taxicabs","volume":"30","author":"Hachem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12779","article-title":"Determinants of ultrafine particles, black carbon, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide concentrations inside vehicles in the Paris area: PUF\u2010TAXI study","volume":"31","author":"Hachem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2017.08.024","article-title":"Commuter exposure to PM2.5, BC, and UFP in six common transport microenvironments in Sacramento, California","volume":"167","author":"Ham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2019.102003","article-title":"Four-year assessment of ambient particulate matter and trace gases in the Delhi-NCR region of India","volume":"54","author":"Hama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106329","article-title":"More mileage in reducing urban air pollution from road traffic","volume":"149","author":"Harrison","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9941","DOI":"10.1021\/es204073t","article-title":"Estimation of size-resolved ambient particle density based on the measurement of aerosol number, mass, and chemical size distributions in the winter in Beijing","volume":"46","author":"Hu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.03.007","article-title":"Comparisons of personal exposure to PM2. 5 and CO by different commuting modes in Beijing, China","volume":"425","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109802","article-title":"Characteristics of volatile organic compounds from vehicle emissions through on\u2013road test in Wuhan, China","volume":"188","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.08.105","article-title":"Carbon dioxide accumulation inside vehicles: the effect of ventilation and driving conditions","volume":"610","author":"Hudda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8691","DOI":"10.1021\/es202025m","article-title":"Vehicle and driving characteristics that influence in-cabin particle number concentrations","volume":"45","author":"Hudda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2014.03.007","article-title":"Identifying public preferences using multi-criteria decision making for assessing the shift of urban commuters from private to public transport: a case study of Delhi","volume":"24","author":"Jain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transport. Res. F Traffic Psychol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.05.036","article-title":"Assessment of personal exposure to particulate air pollution during commuting in European cities\u2014recommendations and policy implications","volume":"490","author":"Karanasiou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4737","DOI":"10.1021\/es803199z","article-title":"Determinants of personal exposure to PM2.5, ultrafine particle counts, and CO in a transport microenvironment","volume":"43","author":"Kaur","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2005.02.046","article-title":"Personal exposure of street canyon intersection users to PM2.5, ultrafine particle counts and carbon monoxide in Central London, UK","volume":"39","author":"Kaur","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.02.002","article-title":"Fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide exposure concentrations in urban street transport microenvironments","volume":"41","author":"Kaur","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.09.072","article-title":"Airborne particles in the city center of Kuala Lumpur: Origin, potential driving factors, and deposition flux in human respiratory airways","volume":"650","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2005.06.045","article-title":"Characterization of non-methane volatile organic compounds sources in Houston during 2001 using positive matrix factorization","volume":"39","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2019.01.012","article-title":"Determinants of commuter exposure to PM2.5 and CO during long-haul journeys on national highways in India","volume":"10","author":"Kolluru","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Pollut. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005947301971","article-title":"Monitoring of daily integrated exposure of outdoor workers to respirable particulate matter in an urban region of India","volume":"56","author":"Kulkarni","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41612-018-0023-y","article-title":"Dynamics of coarse and fine particle exposure in transport microenvironments","volume":"1","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"NPJ Clim. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141395","article-title":"In-car particulate matter exposure across ten global cities","volume":"750","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-0405-1","article-title":"Ultrafine particles: unique physicochemical properties relevant to health and disease","volume":"52","author":"Kwon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-12-18","article-title":"Investigating the association between birth weight and complementary air pollution metrics: a cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Laurent","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.01.068","article-title":"A cross-sectional study with an improved methodology to assess occupational air pollution exposure and respiratory health in motorcycle taxi driving","volume":"550","author":"Lawin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-0394-0","article-title":"Mechanisms of ultrafine particle-induced respiratory health effects","volume":"52","author":"Leikauf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-005-0047-6","article-title":"Exposure to particles and nitrogen dioxide among taxi, bus and lorry drivers","volume":"79","author":"Lewne","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.03.088","article-title":"Personal exposure to black carbon during commuting in peak and off-peak hours in Shanghai","volume":"524","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-019-0296-2","article-title":"Health effects of particulate matter air pollution in underground railway systems\u2013a critical review of the evidence","volume":"16","author":"Loxham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib55","series-title":"Assessing Schoolchildren's Exposure to Air Pollution during the Daily Commute-A Systematic Review","first-page":"140389","author":"Ma","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1021\/es802392u","article-title":"Exposures to particulate air pollution and nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons among taxi drivers in Shenyang, China","volume":"44","author":"Miller-Schulze","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2018.06.010","article-title":"Natural variability in exposure to fine particles and their trace elements during typical workdays in an urban area","volume":"63","author":"Moreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Transport Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1162\/1526380054794835","article-title":"Race, class and the global politics of environmental inequality","volume":"5","author":"Newell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Global Environ. Polit."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e368","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(17)30166-3","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory health effects of particulate ambient air pollution exposure in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"1","author":"Newell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Planet. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146309","article-title":"Association between exposure to different stone aggregates from asphalt and blood coagulability: a human exposure chamber study","volume":"778","author":"Nitter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135064","article-title":"Public health implications of particulate matter inside bus terminals in Sao Paulo, Brazil","volume":"711","author":"Nogueira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2017.06.004","article-title":"In-vehicle and pedestrian exposure to carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds in a mega city","volume":"21","author":"Odekanle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Urban Clim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2019.02.015","article-title":"Determinants of exposure to ultrafine particulate matter, black carbon, and PM2. 5 in common travel modes in Istanbul","volume":"206","author":"Onat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2010.04.028","article-title":"Exposure to particulate matter in traffic: a comparison of cyclists and car passengers","volume":"44","author":"Panis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.03.024","article-title":"PM2.5 exposures in highly polluted cities: a case study from New Delhi, India","volume":"156","author":"Pant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5055","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-5055-2012","article-title":"Variability of levels and composition of PM10 and PM2.5 in the Barcelona metro system","volume":"12","author":"Querol","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2013.05.003","article-title":"Commuter exposure to ultrafine particles in different urban locations, transportation modes and routes","volume":"77","author":"Ragettli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib69","unstructured":"Risk assessment, EPA, (https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/technical-air-pollution-resources ) (accessed 05.12.19)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.01.019","article-title":"Exposure to air pollutants during commuting in London: are there inequalities among different socio-economic groups?","volume":"101","author":"Rivas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2008.02.001","article-title":"Commuters' exposure to particulate matter and carbon monoxide in Hanoi, Vietnam","volume":"13","author":"Saksena","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Transport Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2009.03.003","article-title":"Real world driving cycle for motorcycles in Edinburgh","volume":"14","author":"Saleh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Transport Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105826","article-title":"Urban policy interventions to reduce traffic emissions and traffic-related air pollution: protocol for a systematic evidence map","volume":"142","author":"Sanchez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113077","article-title":"Origin and properties of soluble brown carbon in freshly emitted and aged ambient aerosols over an urban site in India","volume":"254","author":"Sarkar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2019.04.018","article-title":"Commuter exposure to particulate matters in four common transportation modes in Nanjing","volume":"156","author":"Shen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00057-0","article-title":"A pilot study to assess ground-level ambient air concentrations of fine particles and carbon monoxide in urban Guatemala","volume":"28","author":"Shendell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1078\/1438-4639-00224","article-title":"The burden of disease from indoor air pollution in developing countries: comparison of estimates","volume":"206","author":"Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2017.09.056","article-title":"Particle exposure and inhaled dose during commuting in Singapore","volume":"170","author":"Tan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2018.01.002","article-title":"Long-term high air pollution exposure induced metabolic adaptations in traffic policemen","volume":"58","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib80","series-title":"Intermediate Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Vehicles under Real World Conditions","first-page":"147795","author":"Tang","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.06.007","article-title":"Sources and properties of non-exhaust particulate matter from road traffic: a review","volume":"400","author":"Thorpe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2016.03.017","article-title":"Non-exhaust PM emissions from electric vehicles","volume":"134","author":"Timmers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138078","article-title":"Integrated dispersion-deposition modelling for air pollutant reduction via green infrastructure at an urban scale","volume":"723","author":"Tiwari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.03.023","article-title":"Exploring the effects of ventilation practices in mitigating in-vehicle exposure to traffic-related air pollutants in China","volume":"127","author":"Tong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2019.117044","article-title":"Particle exposure and inhaled dose while commuting by public transport in Mexico City","volume":"219","author":"Velasco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1007\/s40313-017-0305-3","article-title":"Optimization of fractional order PID controller using grey wolf optimizer. Journal of Control","volume":"28","author":"Verma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autom. Electr. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2014.03.009","article-title":"Microenvironment particle measurements in Thessaloniki, Greece","volume":"10","author":"Vouitsis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urban Clim."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2008.03.013","article-title":"Assessment of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) near major roads in urban Nanjing, China","volume":"89","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0742(13)60381-2","article-title":"Effectiveness of national air pollution control policies on the air quality in metropolitan areas of China","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2019.11.005","article-title":"Sources and exposure risk of trace elements for traffic policemen in roadside locations","volume":"78","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Transport Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116074","article-title":"Source, temporal variation and health risk of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from urban traffic in harbin, China","volume":"270","author":"Xuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2015-103175","article-title":"Children's respiratory health and oxidative potential of PM2.5: the PIAMA birth cohort study","volume":"73","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.11.146","article-title":"Biomarkers of the health outcomes associated with ambient particulate matter exposure","volume":"579","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-020-0565-4","article-title":"Road proximity, air pollution, noise, green space and neurologic disease incidence: a population-based cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Yuchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.57.6.406","article-title":"Exposure of Paris taxi drivers to automobile air pollutants within their vehicles","volume":"57","author":"Zagury","year":"2000","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0361198118769901","article-title":"Effectiveness of idle reduction technologies in reducing driver exposure to diesel emissions","volume":"2672","author":"Zietsman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Rec."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901622","article-title":"Commuters' exposure to particulate matter air pollution is affected by mode of transport, fuel type, and route","volume":"118","author":"Zuurbier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."}],"container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749122000112?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749122000112?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T22:20:44Z","timestamp":1759443644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0269749122000112"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":96,"alternative-id":["S0269749122000112"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-7491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-7491","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Inequalities in occupational exposures among people using popular commute modes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Pollution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118797","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"118797"}}