{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:03:15Z","timestamp":1791241395453,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004800","name":"California Air Resources Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004800","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,3]],"date-time":"2023-06-03T00:14:52Z","timestamp":1685751292000},"page":"121962","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Particulate matter, traffic-related air pollutants, and circulating C-reactive protein levels: The Multiethnic Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"332","author":[{"given":"Meera","family":"Sangaramoorthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2291-7907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiuchen","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2693-7112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6976-7339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beate","family":"Ritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy V.","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Fruin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel O.","family":"Stram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-shim Lani","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian A.","family":"Franke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8408-4536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynne R.","family":"Wilkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5676-9175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Samet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lo\u00efc","family":"Le Marchand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2541-3333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salma","family":"Shariff-Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Haiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna H.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6839-3192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iona","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.3413","article-title":"Development of gridded surface meteorological data for ecological applications and modelling","volume":"33","author":"Abatzoglou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1308069","article-title":"Markers of inflammation and coagulation after long-term exposure to coarse particulate matter: a cross-sectional analysis from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"123","author":"Adar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-014-0022-z","article-title":"Ambient coarse particulate matter and human health: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"1","author":"Adar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Environ Health Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2014.05.016","article-title":"C-reactive protein and lung diseases","volume":"53","author":"Agassandian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30569-X","article-title":"Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: evidence and interventions","volume":"389","author":"Bailey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.111141","article-title":"Effect of ozone and nitrogen dioxide on the release of proinflammatory mediators from bronchial epithelial cells of nonatopic nonasthmatic subjects and atopic asthmatic patients in vitro","volume":"107","author":"Bayram","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2005.01.023","article-title":"Regulation of cytokine production in human alveolar macrophages and airway epithelial cells in response to ambient air pollution particles: further mechanistic studies","volume":"207","author":"Becker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2000.00814.x","article-title":"Airway inflammatory and antioxidant responses to oxidative and particulate air pollutants - experimental exposure studies in humans","volume":"30","author":"Blomberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2290","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx263","article-title":"Long-term exposure to road traffic noise, ambient air pollution, and cardiovascular risk factors in the HUNT and lifelines cohorts","volume":"38","author":"Cai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2017.1318317","article-title":"Dietary red and processed meat intake and markers of adiposity and inflammation: the multiethnic cohort study","volume":"36","author":"Chai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-021-02976-7","article-title":"Carbon monoxide-triggered health effects: the important role of the inflammasome and its possible crosstalk with autophagy and exosomes","volume":"95","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32308","article-title":"Association between ambient air pollution and breast cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort study","volume":"146","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202107-1770OC","article-title":"Traffic-related air pollution and lung cancer incidence: the California multiethnic cohort study","volume":"206","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.0c00403","article-title":"Air pollutant correlations in China: secondary air pollutant responses to NOx and SO2 control","volume":"7","author":"Chu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-12-0947","article-title":"Non-hodgkin lymphoma and circulating markers of inflammation and adiposity in a nested case-control study: the multiethnic cohort","volume":"22","author":"Conroy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/2515-7620\/ab27cf","article-title":"Increased frequency of and population exposure to extreme heat index days in the United States during the 21st century","volume":"1","author":"Dahl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-020-00663-1","article-title":"Association between coarse particulate matter and inflammatory and hemostatic markers in a cohort of midlife women","volume":"19","author":"Davis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2012.07.017","article-title":"Intraindividual variability of C-reactive protein: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"224","author":"DeGoma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0800194","article-title":"Air pollution exposures and circulating biomarkers of effect in a susceptible population: clues to potential causal component mixtures and mechanisms","volume":"117","author":"Delfino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"Suppl. 5","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib20","first-page":"1159","article-title":"Cytokines and particle-induced inflammatory cell recruitment","volume":"105","author":"Driscoll","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18063258","article-title":"Systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein) in older Chinese adults is associated with long-term exposure to ambient air pollution","volume":"18","author":"Elbarbary","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61717-7","article-title":"C-reactive protein concentration and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis","volume":"375","author":"Emerging Risk Factors","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib23","series-title":"Our Nation's Air","author":"Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib24","series-title":"Nitrogen Dioxide","author":"Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16187","article-title":"Racial differences in elevated C-reactive protein among US older adults","volume":"68","author":"Farmer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib26","first-page":"211","article-title":"Long- and short-term exposure to air pollution and inflammatory\/hemostatic markers in midlife women","volume":"27","author":"Green","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib27","article-title":"Benzene-associated immunosuppression and chronic inflammation in humans: a systematic review","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000267","article-title":"Long-term exposure to air pollution and markers of inflammation, coagulation, and endothelial activation: a repeat-measures analysis in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)","volume":"26","author":"Hajat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib29","first-page":"969","article-title":"Intraindividual variability over time in plasma biomarkers of inflammation and effects of long-term storage","volume":"25","author":"Hardikar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.3109\/10408440903294945","article-title":"Critical review of the human data on short-term nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposures: evidence for NO2 no-effect levels","volume":"39","author":"Hesterberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105800","article-title":"Estimating traffic contribution to particulate matter concentration in urban areas using a multilevel Bayesian meta-regression approach","volume":"141","author":"Heydari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0800362","article-title":"Chronic residential exposure to particulate matter air pollution and systemic inflammatory markers","volume":"117","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr511","article-title":"Air pollution and autonomic and vascular dysfunction in patients with cardiovascular disease: interactions of systemic inflammation, overweight, and gender","volume":"176","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib34","series-title":"2019 World Air Quality Report Region & City PM2.5 Ranking V8","author":"IQAir","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113810","article-title":"Impacts of long-term ambient particulate matter and gaseous pollutants on circulating biomarkers of inflammation in male and female health professionals","volume":"214","author":"Iyer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dym291","article-title":"How far from non-differential does exposure or disease misclassification have to be to bias measures of association away from the null?","volume":"37","author":"Jurek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyi060","article-title":"Proper interpretation of non-differential misclassification effects: expectations vs observations","volume":"34","author":"Jurek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5334","DOI":"10.1021\/es100008x","article-title":"Near-roadway air quality: synthesizing the findings from real-world data","volume":"44","author":"Karner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0388","article-title":"Systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein) in type 2 diabetic patients is associated with ambient air pollution in Pune City, India","volume":"36","author":"Khafaie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500165","article-title":"The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): a resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants","volume":"11","author":"Klepeis","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy211","article-title":"Discovery, fine-mapping, and conditional analyses of genetic variants associated with C-reactive protein in multiethnic populations using the Metabochip in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study","volume":"27","author":"Kocarnik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010213","article-title":"A multiethnic cohort in Hawaii and Los Angeles: baseline characteristics","volume":"151","author":"Kolonel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2006.02.015","article-title":"Gender and C-reactive protein: data from the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort","volume":"152","author":"Lakoski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408224","article-title":"Air pollution from road traffic and systemic inflammation in adults: a cross-sectional analysis in the European ESCAPE project","volume":"123","author":"Lanki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-0374","article-title":"Intra-individual variation of plasma adipokine levels and utility of single measurement of these biomarkers in population-based studies","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2017.07.023","article-title":"Spatiotemporal estimation of historical PM2.5 concentrations using PM10, meteorological variables, and spatial effect","volume":"166","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2017.07.023","article-title":"Spatiotemporal estimation of historical PM2.5 concentrations using PM10, meteorological variables, and spatial effect","volume":"166","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2012-0012","article-title":"Effect of particulate matter air pollution on C-reactive protein: a review of epidemiologic studies","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2019.05.005","article-title":"Ambient particulate air pollution and circulating C-reactive protein level: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"222","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5708","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23885-3","article-title":"Coarse particulate matter (PM2.5-10) in Los Angeles Basin air induces expression of inflammation and cancer biomarkers in rat brains","volume":"8","author":"Ljubimova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5071","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b06875","article-title":"Estimated long-term (1981-2016) concentrations of ambient fine particulate matter across North America from chemical transport modeling, satellite remote sensing, and ground-based measurements","volume":"53","author":"Meng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2014.25","article-title":"Ethnic differences in serum adipokine and C-reactive protein levels: the multiethnic cohort","volume":"38","author":"Morimoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199703)181:3<257::AID-PATH756>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Cytokines and the hepatic acute phase response","volume":"181","author":"Moshage","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib54","series-title":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","article-title":"Air pollution and your health","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-12-0110","article-title":"Reliability of serum biomarkers of inflammation from repeated measures in healthy individuals","volume":"21","author":"Navarro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-212","article-title":"Socioeconomic and racial\/ethnic differentials of C-reactive protein levels: a systematic review of population-based studies","volume":"7","author":"Nazmi","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-12-0374","article-title":"Prediagnostic leptin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein, and the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer","volume":"6","author":"Ollberding","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.03.042","article-title":"Chronic PM2.5 exposure and inflammation: determining sensitive subgroups in mid-life women","volume":"132","author":"Ostro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib59","series-title":"Chronic Inflammation","author":"Pahwa","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2008.043471","article-title":"Associations of long- and short-term air pollution exposure with markers of inflammation and coagulation in a population sample","volume":"66","author":"Panasevich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1533","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of liver fat: the multiethnic cohort adiposity phenotype study","volume":"4","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2018.01.016","article-title":"C-reactive protein (CRP) and long-term air pollution with a focus on ultrafine particles","volume":"221","author":"Pilz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5355","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120505355","article-title":"Traffic, air pollution, minority and socio-economic status: addressing inequities in exposure and risk","volume":"12","author":"Pratt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00128106","article-title":"Air pollution, oxidative stress and dietary supplementation: a review","volume":"31","author":"Romieu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.20.5.3268","article-title":"Influence of ozone and nitrogen dioxide on histamine and interleukin formation in a human nasal mucosa culture system","volume":"20","author":"Schierhorn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(98)00345-8","article-title":"The relation between ozone, NOx and hydrocarbons in urban and polluted rural environments","volume":"33","author":"Sillman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7626","DOI":"10.1021\/es901041p","article-title":"An index for assessing demographic inequalities in cumulative environmental hazards with application to Los Angeles, California","volume":"43","author":"Su","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17238972","article-title":"Indoor exposure to selected air pollutants in the home environment: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Vardoulakis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib69","volume":"4","author":"Wu","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib70","first-page":"1","volume":"2016","author":"Wu","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.07.004","article-title":"Association between gaseous air pollutants and inflammatory, hemostatic and lipid markers in a cohort of midlife women","volume":"107","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.118336","article-title":"Association between gaseous air pollutants and biomarkers of systemic inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"292","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-2179","article-title":"Systemic effects of smoking","volume":"131","author":"Yanbaeva","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib74","series-title":"Developing an Area-Based Socioeconomic Measure from American Community Survey Data","author":"Yang","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962_bib75","first-page":"703","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and breast cancer incidence in California for different race\/ethnic groups","volume":"12","author":"Yost","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"}],"container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749123009648?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749123009648?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T23:01:56Z","timestamp":1759446116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0269749123009648"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["S0269749123009648"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-7491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-7491","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Particulate matter, traffic-related air pollutants, and circulating C-reactive protein levels: The Multiethnic Cohort Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Pollution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121962","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121962"}}