{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:02:21Z","timestamp":1791482541258,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRTR- C17.I1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRTR- C17.I1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRTR-C17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRTR-C17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019771","name":"European Union&apos;s Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101081931"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101081931"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019771","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003359","name":"Generalitat of Valencia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GVA-THINKINAZUL\/2021\/041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GVA-THINKINAZUL\/2021\/041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T23:03:11Z","timestamp":1753484591000},"page":"126894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparing methods for optimising microplastic extraction in sediment through density separation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"383","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7963-2558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicia","family":"Gran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Vidal-Barrachina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuria","family":"Casado-Coy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daverlyn","family":"Encizo-Cuartas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Mas\u00f3-Herrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Sanz-Lazaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.156035","article-title":"Human footprints at hadal depths: interlayer and intralayer comparison of sediment cores from the Kuril Kamchatka trench","volume":"838","author":"Abel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib2","series-title":"Specifications for Microplastic Characterization and Identification Applications","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2016.01.005","article-title":"Microplastics in the Mediterranean Sea: deposition in coastal shallow sediments, spatial variation and preferential grain size","volume":"115","author":"Alomar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mar. Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130357","article-title":"The extraction of microplastics from sediments: an overview of existing methods and the proposal of a new and green alternative","author":"Bellasi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2023.1285041","article-title":"Assessing the efficiency of microplastics extraction methods for tropical beach sediments and matrix preparation for experimental controls","volume":"10","author":"Bonita","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111507","article-title":"Comparison of microplastic isolation and extraction procedures from marine sediments","volume":"159","author":"Cashman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.09.137","article-title":"Microplastics in juvenile Chinook salmon and their nearshore environments on the east coast of Vancouver Island","volume":"244","author":"Collicutt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126571","article-title":"Extraction of microplastics from sediment matrices: experimental comparative analysis","volume":"420","author":"Constant","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.07.017","article-title":"A small-scale, portable method for extracting microplastics from marine sediments","volume":"230","author":"Coppock","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111092","article-title":"Microplastic accumulation in deep-sea sediments from the Rockall Trough","volume":"154","author":"Courtene-Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2024.102638","article-title":"A simple overflow density separation method that recovers >95% of dense microplastics from sediment","volume":"12","author":"Crutchett","year":"2024","journal-title":"MethodsX"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2021.112216","article-title":"Considerations on salts used for density separation in the extraction of microplastics from sediments","volume":"166","author":"Cutroneo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.07.131","article-title":"Occurrence of microplastics in the water column and sediment in an inland sea affected by intensive anthropogenic activities","volume":"242","author":"Dai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.10.150","article-title":"Microplastics in surface waters and sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China","volume":"616\u2013617","author":"Di","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147453","article-title":"Microplastics levels, size, morphology and composition in marine water, sediments and sand beaches. Case study of Tarragona coast (western Mediterranean)","volume":"786","author":"Exp\u00f3sito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159722","article-title":"Breaking the paradigm: marine sediments hold two-fold microplastics than sea surface waters and are dominated by fibers","volume":"858","author":"Fagiano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140975","article-title":"A critical review of the overlooked challenge of determining micro-bioplastics in soil","author":"Fojt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib19","series-title":"JPI Oceans BASEMAN Project","article-title":"Standardised protocol for monitoring microplastics in sediments","author":"Frias","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.impact.2024.100525","article-title":"A modified methodology for extraction and quantification of microplastics in soil","volume":"35","author":"Gupta","year":"2024","journal-title":"NanoImpact"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib21","article-title":"Worldwide distribution and abundance of microplastic: how dire is the situation?","author":"Hamid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Waste Manag. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113009","article-title":"An optimized density-based approach for extracting microplastics from soil and sediment samples","volume":"254","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124640","article-title":"Methods for separating microplastics from complex solid matrices: comparative analysis","volume":"409","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115779","article-title":"The effect of sewage sludge containing microplastics on growth and fruit development of tomato plants","volume":"268","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Arenas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3060","DOI":"10.1021\/es2031505","article-title":"Microplastics in the marine environment: a review of the methods used for identification and quantification","volume":"46","author":"Hidalgo-Ruz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib26","article-title":"Microplastics: an introduction to environmental transport processes","volume":"5","author":"Horton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2016.09.004","article-title":"Large microplastic particles in sediments of tributaries of the River Thames, UK \u2013 Abundance, sources and methods for effective quantification","volume":"114","author":"Horton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7409","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b01517","article-title":"Validation of a method for extracting microplastics from complex, organic-Rich, environmental matrices","volume":"52","author":"Hurley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115988","article-title":"The degradation of single-use plastics and commercially viable bioplastics in the environment: a review","volume":"231","author":"Idris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2020.173","article-title":"Optimized microplastic analysis based on size fractionation, density separation and \u03bc-FTIR","volume":"81","author":"Konechnaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.136449","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of visual microscopy as a tool for microplastic research: recommendations for improving methods and reporting","volume":"308","author":"Kotar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113336","article-title":"Plastic debris accumulation in the seabed derived from coastal fish farming","volume":"257","author":"Kr\u00fcger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-022-04261-1","article-title":"Microplastics in environment: global concern, challenges, and controlling measures","volume":"20","author":"Lamichhane","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.115379","article-title":"Effects of chemical pretreatments on microplastic extraction in sewage sludge and their physicochemical characteristics","volume":"171","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135836","article-title":"Impacts of microplastics addition on sediment environmental properties, enzymatic activities and bacterial diversity","volume":"307","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114721","article-title":"Are we underestimating microplastic abundance in the marine environment? A comparison of microplastic capture with nets of different mesh-size","volume":"265","author":"Lindeque","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2021.112130","article-title":"An optimized procedure for extraction and identification of microplastics in marine sediment","volume":"165","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6053","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b01363","article-title":"Microplastic pollution in benthic midstream sediments of the Rhine River","volume":"53","author":"Mani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.152941","article-title":"A straightforward method for microplastic extraction from organic-rich freshwater samples","volume":"815","author":"Monteiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2010.05.092","article-title":"An overview of the recent developments in polylactide (PLA) research","volume":"101","author":"Nampoothiri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib41","article-title":"Comparison of different procedures for separating microplastics from sediments","volume":"13","author":"Nava","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Switz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2013.07.027","article-title":"A new analytical approach for monitoring microplastics in marine sediments","volume":"184","author":"Nuelle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120692","article-title":"Microplastic contamination in seawater across global marine protected areas boundaries","volume":"316","author":"Nunes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13774","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c04091","article-title":"Identification and quantification of micro-bioplastics in environmental samples by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","volume":"56","author":"Okoffo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7185\/geochemlet.1829","article-title":"Microplastics contaminate the deepest part of the world's ocean","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geochem. Perspect. Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2018.10.029","article-title":"Methods for sampling and detection of microplastics in water and sediment: a critical review","volume":"110","author":"Prata","year":"2019","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134455","article-title":"Environmental exposure to microplastics: an overview on possible human health effects","volume":"702","author":"Prata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1039\/C6AY02542K","article-title":"Validation of density separation for the rapid recovery of microplastics from sediment","volume":"9","author":"Quinn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib50","series-title":"A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1039\/D0AY02086A","article-title":"Developing a systematic method for extraction of microplastics in soils","volume":"13","author":"Radford","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.176449","article-title":"Critical reassessment of microplastic abundances in the marine environment","volume":"954","author":"Reineccius","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2020.101116","article-title":"Microplastic in marine environment: reworking and optimisation of two analytical protocols for the extraction of microplastics from sediments and oysters","volume":"7","author":"Rivoira","year":"2020","journal-title":"MethodsX"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X20974094","article-title":"A highly efficient multi-step methodology for the quantification of micro-(bio)plastics in sludge","volume":"39","author":"Ruggero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Waste Manag. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.7b00164","article-title":"Impacts of biofilm formation on the fate and potential effects of microplastic in the aquatic environment","author":"Rummel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121310","article-title":"Darwin's paradise contaminated by marine debris. Understanding their sources and accumulation dynamics","volume":"324","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143978","article-title":"Biodegradable plastics can alter carbon and nitrogen cycles to a greater extent than conventional plastics in marine sediment","volume":"756","author":"Sanz-L\u00e1zaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134139","article-title":"Bioplastics: missing link in the era of Microplastics","volume":"697","author":"Shruti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib59","article-title":"Impact of microplastic fibers from the degradation of nonwoven synthetic textiles to the magdalena river water column and river sediments by the city of Neiva, Huila (Colombia)","volume":"12","author":"Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Switz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10924-008-0106-7","article-title":"Pet waste management by chemical recycling: a review","author":"Sinha","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Polym. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-018-0206-z","article-title":"Microplastics in seafood and the implications for human health","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Environ. Health Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111243","article-title":"Are microplastics destabilizing the global network of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem services?","volume":"198","author":"Sridharan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1039\/D2GC02169B","article-title":"A review of biodegradable thermoplastic starches, their blends and composites: recent developments and opportunities for single-use plastic packaging alternatives","author":"Surendren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4079","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b06981","article-title":"Tying up loose ends of microplastic pollution in the Arctic: distribution from the sea surface through the water column to deep-sea sediments at the HAUSGARTEN Observatory","volume":"54","author":"Tekman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139237","article-title":"Biofilm formation and its influences on the properties of microplastics as affected by exposure time and depth in the seawater","volume":"734","author":"Tu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.10.007","article-title":"High levels of microplastic pollution in the sediments and benthic organisms of the South Yellow Sea","volume":"651","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"China. Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150227","article-title":"Evidence of underestimation in microplastic research: a meta-analysis of recovery rate studies","author":"Way","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1086\/622910","article-title":"A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments","volume":"30","author":"Wentworth","year":"1922","journal-title":"J. Geol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.140317","article-title":"The deep sea is a major sink for microplastic debris","volume":"1","author":"Woodall","year":"2014","journal-title":"R. Soc. Open Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2015.04.044","article-title":"Using a forensic science approach to minimize environmental contamination and to identify microfibres in marine sediments","volume":"95","author":"Woodall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109612","article-title":"Environmental occurrences, fate, and impacts of microplastics","volume":"184","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2022.113978","article-title":"A rapid staged protocol for efficient recovery of microplastics from soil and sediment matrices based on hydrophobic separation","volume":"182","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1002\/lom3.10217","article-title":"Evaluation of the Munich Plastic Sediment Separator efficiency in extraction of microplastics from natural marine bottom sediments","volume":"15","author":"Zobkov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Limnol Oceanogr. Methods"}],"container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749125012679?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749125012679?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T06:53:42Z","timestamp":1772780022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0269749125012679"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["S0269749125012679"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-7491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-7491","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparing methods for optimising microplastic extraction in sediment through density separation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Pollution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126894","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"126894"}}