{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T03:29:11Z","timestamp":1785382151380,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004761","name":"Hainan Province Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["424QN252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["424QN252"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012667","name":"Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012667","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XDA20060201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA20060201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XDA20020102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA20020102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T02:04:17Z","timestamp":1754618657000},"page":"126964","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Characterization and source analysis of VOCs and PM2.5 species in Lanzhou, northwestern China in 2017\u20132021: Implications for pollution control strategies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"384","author":[{"given":"Xi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongqin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feiteng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhizhong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2115-9005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shichang","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunhua","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dunsheng","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanglong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0174-9007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengyang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"LOP 9-1","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JD000075","article-title":"Impact of nitrous acid photolysis on the total hydroxyl radical budget during the Limitation of Oxidant Production\/Pianura Padana Produzione di Ozono study in Milan","volume":"107","author":"Alicke","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5315.1052","article-title":"Atmospheric aerosols: biogeochemical sources and role in atmospheric chemistry","volume":"276","author":"Andreae","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-2353-2010","article-title":"Chemical evolution of volatile organic compounds in the outflow of the Mexico City Metropolitan area","volume":"10","author":"Apel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4605","DOI":"10.1021\/cr0206420","article-title":"Atmospheric degradation of volatile organic compounds","volume":"103","author":"Atkinson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c07147","article-title":"Present knowledge and future perspectives of atmospheric emission inventories of toxic trace elements: a critical review","volume":"57","author":"Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ac46eb","article-title":"Spaceborne evidence for significant anthropogenic VOC trends in Asian cities over 2005\u20132019","volume":"17","author":"Bauwens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163277","article-title":"PM2.5 carbonaceous components and mineral dust at a COALESCE network site - bhopal, India: estimating site-specific optical characteristics","volume":"880","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108993","article-title":"Long-term contributions of VOC sources and their link to ozone pollution in Bronx, New York City","volume":"191","author":"Borlaza-Lacoste","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.132112","article-title":"Contribution to cleaner production from the point of view of VOC emissions abatement: a review","volume":"361","author":"Brummer","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib10","article-title":"Spatial and seasonal distributions of carbonaceous aerosols over China","volume":"112","author":"Cao","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib11","author":"Carter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4414","DOI":"10.1021\/es034936u","article-title":"Equivalence of Elemental Carbon by Thermal\/Optical Reflectance and Transmittance with Different Temperature Protocols","volume":"38","author":"Chow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11931","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-11931-2022","article-title":"Measurement report: ambient volatile organic compound (VOC) pollution in urban Beijing: characteristics, sources, and implications for pollution control","volume":"22","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib13","article-title":"Budget of organic carbon in a polluted atmosphere: results from the New England Air Quality Study in 2002","volume":"110","author":"De Gouw","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib14","article-title":"Tracer\u2010based estimation of secondary organic carbon in the Pearl River Delta, south China","volume":"117","author":"Ding","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16439","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-08132-5","article-title":"Volatile organic compounds in Shihezi, China, during the heating season: pollution characteristics, source apportionment, and health risk assessment","volume":"27","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-006-9388-1","article-title":"Determination of water-soluble atmospheric aerosols using ion chromatography","volume":"130","author":"Fosco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2016.10.011","article-title":"Multi-tracer approach to characterize domestic wood burning in Athens (Greece) during wintertime","volume":"148","author":"Fourtziou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.123","article-title":"Temporal-spatial characteristics and source apportionment of PM2.5 as well as its associated chemical species in the beijing-tianjin-hebei region of China","volume":"233","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-23-1043-2023","article-title":"Biogenic isoprene emissions, dry deposition velocity, and surface ozone concentration during summer droughts, heatwaves, and normal conditions in southwestern Europe","volume":"23","author":"Guion","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.155901","article-title":"Chemical reactivity of volatile organic compounds and their effects on ozone formation in a petrochemical industrial area of Lanzhou, Western China","volume":"839","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ad2238","article-title":"Quantifying vehicle restriction related PM2.5 reduction using field observations in an isolated urban basin","volume":"19","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5155","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-9-5155-2009","article-title":"The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues","volume":"9","author":"Hallquist","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13774","article-title":"High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate pollution during haze events in China","volume":"514","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.03.106","article-title":"Exploration of sources of OVOCs in various atmospheres in southern China","volume":"249","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114152","article-title":"Sources of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) in urban atmospheres in North and South China","volume":"261","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162851","article-title":"A critical review and prospect of NO2 and SO2 pollution over Asia: hotspots, trends, and sources","volume":"876","author":"Jion","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.948","article-title":"Carbon oxidation state as a metric for describing the chemistry of atmospheric organic aerosol","volume":"3","author":"Kroll","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2009GL038367","article-title":"Stratospheric contribution to high surface ozone in Colorado during springtime","volume":"36","author":"Langford","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8897","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-8897-2019","article-title":"Persistent growth of anthropogenic non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) emissions in China during 1990\u20132017: drivers, speciation and ozone formation potential","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106710","article-title":"A comprehensive review on anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission estimates in China: Comparison and outlook","volume":"156","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12906","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c03315","article-title":"Elucidating contributions of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds and particulate matter to ozone trends over China","volume":"56","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11212","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c00038","article-title":"Fate of oxygenated volatile organic compounds in the Yangtze River Delta Region: source contributions and impacts on the atmospheric oxidation capacity","volume":"56","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10567","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-10567-2022","article-title":"Variations and sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban region: insights from measurements on a tall tower","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2022.106035","article-title":"The transition from a nitrogen oxides-limited regime to a volatile organic compounds-limited regime in the petrochemical industrialized Lanzhou City, China","volume":"269","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2023.119800","article-title":"Springtime reactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and impacts on ozone in urban areas of Yunnan-Guizhou plateau, China: a PTR-TOF-MS study","volume":"307","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2024.102064","article-title":"Ambient volatile organic compounds concentration variation characteristics and source apportionment in Lanzhou, China during the COVID-19 lockdown","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atmos. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.05.035","article-title":"Source and risk apportionment of selected VOCs and PM2.5 species using partially constrained receptor models with multiple time resolution data","volume":"205","author":"Liao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(01)00985-8","article-title":"Observations of formic and acetic acids at three sites of Mexico City","volume":"287","author":"Lim\u00f3n-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6595","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-6595-2019","article-title":"High-time-resolution source apportionment of PM2.5 in Beijing with multiple models","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-021-01133-4","article-title":"Characterization, source apportionment, and assessment of volatile organic compounds in a typical urban area of southern Xinjiang, China","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Air Qual. Atmos. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.107766","article-title":"Effect of photochemical losses of ambient volatile organic compounds on their source apportionment","volume":"172","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib109","article-title":"Summertime formaldehyde observations in New York City: Ambient levels, sources and its contribution to HOx radicals","volume":"117","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12861","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-24-12861-2024","article-title":"Review of source analyses of ambient volatile organic compounds considering reactive losses: methods of reducing loss effects, impacts of losses, and sources","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.135795","article-title":"A recent high-resolution PM2.5 and VOCs speciated emission inventory from anthropogenic sources: a case study of central China","volume":"386","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140560","article-title":"Using composite fingerprints to quantify the potential dust source contributions in northwest China","volume":"742","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4841","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-4841-2022","article-title":"Influence of photochemical loss of volatile organic compounds on understanding ozone formation mechanism","volume":"22","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154801","article-title":"Application of magnetic susceptibility and heavy metal bioaccessibility to assessments of urban sandstorm contamination and health risks: case studies from Dunhuang and Lanzhou, Northwest China","volume":"830","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113651","article-title":"Winter VOCs and OVOCs measured with PTR-MS at an urban site of India: role of emissions, meteorology and photochemical sources","volume":"258","author":"Maji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101545","article-title":"Characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at an urban site of Delhi, India: diurnal and seasonal variation, sources apportionment","volume":"49","author":"Mandal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Urban Clim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaq0524","article-title":"Volatile chemical products emerging as largest petrochemical source of urban organic emissions","volume":"359","author":"McDonald","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13010033","article-title":"A study on dust storm pollution and source identification in Northwestern China","volume":"13","author":"Meng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1007\/s40726-020-00149-1","article-title":"Atmospheric Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in China: a review","volume":"6","author":"Mozaffar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Pollut. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18087","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-18087-2021","article-title":"Measurement report: high contributions of halocarbon and aromatic compounds to atmospheric volatile organic compounds in an industrial area","volume":"21","author":"Mozaffar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177336","article-title":"Unexpectedly strong heat stress induction of monoterpene, methylbutenol, and other volatile emissions for conifers in the cypress family (Cupressaceae)","volume":"956","author":"Nagalingam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GL036662","article-title":"Photochemistry of mineral dust surface as a potential atmospheric renoxification process","volume":"36","author":"Ndour","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/env.3170050203","article-title":"Positive matrix factorization: a non-negative factor model with optimal utilization of error estimates of data values","volume":"5","author":"Paatero","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environmetrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib59","author":"Petersen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-024-01608-w","article-title":"Increased urban ozone in heatwaves due to temperature-induced emissions of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds","volume":"18","author":"Qin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2015.10.021","article-title":"Chemical composition and source apportionment of PM10 and PM2.5 in different functional areas of Lanzhou, China","volume":"40","author":"Qiu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13718","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c04489","article-title":"Chemical production of oxygenated volatile organic compounds strongly enhances boundary-layer oxidation chemistry and ozone production","volume":"55","author":"Qu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpca.5b10323","article-title":"Investigating the heterogeneous interaction of VOCs with natural atmospheric particles: adsorption of limonene and toluene on Saharan mineral dusts","volume":"120","author":"Roman\u00edas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib64","article-title":"Interaction of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene with human's body: insights into characteristics, sources and health risks","volume":"16","author":"Saeedi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater. Advan."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4295","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-4295-2020","article-title":"Fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning and biogenic sources of fine carbonaceous aerosol in the Carpathian Basin","volume":"20","author":"Salma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib66","series-title":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: from Air Pollution to Climate Change","author":"Seinfeld","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-15-1947-2023","article-title":"Two years of volatile organic compound online in situ measurements at the Site Instrumental de Recherche par T\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection Atmosph\u00e9rique (Paris region, France) using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry","volume":"15","author":"Simon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Earth Syst. Sci. Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5921","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-14-5921-2014","article-title":"Chemical composition of pre-monsoon air in the Indo-Gangetic Plain measured using a new air quality facility and PTR-MS: high surface ozone and strong influence of biomass burning","volume":"14","author":"Sinha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4939","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-4939-2021","article-title":"Spatiotemporal variation, sources, and secondary transformation potential of volatile organic compounds in Xi\u2019an, China","volume":"21","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.06.050","article-title":"Chemical characteristics and source apportionment of PM2.5 in Lanzhou, China","volume":"601\u2013602","author":"Tan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2022.123902","article-title":"The effect of methanol production and application in internal combustion engines on emissions in the context of carbon neutrality: a review","volume":"320","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.08.179","article-title":"Chemical characterization and source apportionment of PM2.5 in a semi-arid and petrochemical-industrialized city, Northwest China","volume":"573","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.10.081","article-title":"Ozone pollution in China: a review of concentrations, meteorological influences, chemical precursors, and effects","volume":"575","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/s00376-021-0317-6","article-title":"Spatial and temporal distributions and sources of anthropogenic NMVOCs in the atmosphere of China: a review","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149310","article-title":"High contribution of vehicle emissions to fine particulate pollution in Lanzhou, Northwest China based on high-resolution online data source appointment","volume":"798","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4117","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-4117-2022","article-title":"Direct observations indicate photodegradable oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) as larger contributors to radicals and ozone production in the atmosphere","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib78","article-title":"Characteristics and sources of oxygenated VOCs in Hong Kong: implications for ozone formation","volume":"912","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-24-1559-2024","article-title":"Extreme weather exacerbates ozone pollution in the Pearl River Delta, China: role of natural processes","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2024.07.029","article-title":"Evolution of global O3-NOx-VOCs sensitivity before and after the COVID-19 from the ratio of formaldehyde to NO2 from satellite observations","volume":"156","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2021.06.007","article-title":"Plant biochemistry influences tropospheric ozone formation, destruction, deposition, and response","volume":"46","author":"Wedow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos10120745","article-title":"The characteristics of ambient non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in Lanzhou, China","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2019.104656","article-title":"Estimation of biogenic VOC emissions and their corresponding impact on ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation in China","volume":"231","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5430","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c09122","article-title":"Temperature-dependent evaporative anthropogenic VOC emissions significantly exacerbate regional ozone pollution","volume":"58","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116301","article-title":"Long-term observations of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) in an urban atmosphere in southern China, 2014\u20132019","volume":"270","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12077","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c02558","article-title":"Health risk-oriented source apportionment of hazardous volatile organic compounds in eight Canadian cities and implications for prioritizing mitigation strategies","volume":"56","author":"Xiong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2020GL089035","article-title":"COVID\u201019 impact on the concentration and composition of submicron particulate matter in a typical City of Northwest China","volume":"47","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116074","article-title":"Source, temporal variation and health risk of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from urban traffic in harbin, China","volume":"270","author":"Xuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5425","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-5425-2020","article-title":"Origin and transformation of ambient volatile organic compounds during a dust-to-haze episode in northwest China","volume":"20","author":"Xue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107330","article-title":"Global review of source apportionment of volatile organic compounds based on highly time-resolved data from 2015 to 2021","volume":"165","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159903","article-title":"Characteristics of volatile organic compounds and secondary organic aerosol pollution in different functional areas of petrochemical industrial cities in Northwest China","volume":"858","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14859","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-14859-2022","article-title":"Measurement report: intra- and interannual variability and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds during 2018\u20132020 in Zhengzhou, central China","volume":"22","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2010.02.014","article-title":"Source profiles of volatile organic compounds associated with solvent use in Beijing, China","volume":"44","author":"Yuan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib94","article-title":"Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban air: how chemistry affects the interpretation of positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis","volume":"117","author":"Yuan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8815","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-13-8815-2013","article-title":"VOC emissions, evolutions and contributions to SOA formation at a receptor site in eastern China","volume":"13","author":"Yuan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13187","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00325","article-title":"Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry: applications in atmospheric sciences","volume":"117","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.05.402","article-title":"Evaluation of factors influencing secondary organic carbon (SOC) estimation by CO and EC tracer methods","volume":"686","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos10110641","article-title":"Volatile organic compounds in a petrochemical region in arid of NW China: Chemical reactivity and source apportionment","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8541","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c01778","article-title":"Haze air pollution health impacts of breath-borne VOCs","volume":"56","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173091","article-title":"Regulation-driven changes in PM2.5 sources in China from 2013 to 2019, a critical review and trend analysis","volume":"934","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2024.01.009","article-title":"Chemical characteristics and sources apportionment of volatile organic compounds in the primary urban area of Shijiazhuang, North China Plain","volume":"149","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwx129","article-title":"Understanding PM2.5 sources in China: challenges and perspectives","volume":"4","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Natl. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-13-2895-2021","article-title":"Changes in China's anthropogenic emissions and air quality during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020","volume":"13","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Earth Syst. Sci. Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15174","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-1670-6","article-title":"Particulate and gaseous pollutants in a petrochemical industrialized valley city, Western China during 2013\u20132016","volume":"25","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.03.283","article-title":"Volatile organic compounds in a typical petrochemical industrialized valley city of northwest China based on high-resolution PTR-MS measurements: characterization, sources and chemical effects","volume":"671","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118875","article-title":"Multisize particulate matter and volatile organic compounds in arid and semiarid areas of Northwest China","volume":"300","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.166191","article-title":"Source apportionment and ozone formation mechanism of VOCs considering photochemical loss in Guangzhou, China","volume":"903","author":"Zou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."}],"container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749125013375?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749125013375?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T13:28:53Z","timestamp":1772803733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0269749125013375"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":105,"alternative-id":["S0269749125013375"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-7491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-7491","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Characterization and source analysis of VOCs and PM2.5 species in Lanzhou, northwestern China in 2017\u20132021: Implications for pollution control strategies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Pollution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126964","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"126964"}}