{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:24:25Z","timestamp":1792369465075,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3138"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["00000033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00000033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004462","name":"CNR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004462","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021856","name":"Ministero dell&apos;Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T22:59:05Z","timestamp":1779145145000},"page":"128365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Mitigating traffic-related particulate matter with evergreen shrubs: A real-world field study in bergamo, Italy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"403","author":[{"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Feo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2914-2171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregorio","family":"Sgrigna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0096-1069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Marcovecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0921-9490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Anselmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dania","family":"Valli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Perilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Serrecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7057-155X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Tempesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Trapasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4199-418X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ettore","family":"Guerriero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Calfapietra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2981-5046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerio","family":"Paolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2017.05.014","article-title":"Air pollution abatement performances of green infrastructure in open road and built-up street canyon environments\u2014a review","volume":"162","author":"Abhijith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b04052","article-title":"How does the amount and composition of PM deposited on Platanus acerifolia leaves change across different cities in Europe?","volume":"51","author":"Baldacchini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18719","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-05160-8","article-title":"An ultra-spatially resolved method to quali-quantitative monitor particulate matter in urban environment","volume":"26","author":"Baldacchini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(98)00016-5","article-title":"Urban woodlands: their role in reducing the effects of particulate pollution","volume":"9","author":"Beckett","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Poll."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04691","article-title":"Heavy metal pollution in the environment and their toxicological effects on humans","volume":"6","author":"Briffa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos12081065","article-title":"Low-cost air quality stations' capability to integrate reference stations in particulate matter dynamics assessment","volume":"12","author":"Brilli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2005.10.023","article-title":"Determination of metals, metalloids and non-volatile ions in airborne particulate matter by a new two-step sequential leaching procedure part A: experimental design and optimization","volume":"69","author":"Canepari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.07.052","article-title":"Characterisation of the traffic sources of PM through size-segregated sampling, sequential leaching and ICP analysis","volume":"42","author":"Canepari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4010","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-013-2298-1","article-title":"Seasonal variations in the chemical composition of particulate matter: a case study in the Po valley. Part II: concentration and solubility of micro- and trace-elements","volume":"21","author":"Canepari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-12369-z","article-title":"Morphological and elemental characterization of leaf-deposited particulate matter from different source types: a microscopic investigation","author":"Castanheiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.12.023","article-title":"Comparison of air pollution exposures in active vs. passive travel modes in European cities: a quantitative review","volume":"99","author":"De Nazelle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib16","unstructured":"EN 12341:2023. Ambient Air \u2014 Standard Gravimetric Measurement Method for the Determination of the PM10 or PM2.5 Mass."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib19","series-title":"Air Quality in Europe 2023. EEA Report 01\/2023","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-29229-7","article-title":"Laboratory and on-road testing for brake wear particle emissions: a review","volume":"30","author":"Feo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.118585","article-title":"Mechanism of Pb accumulation in Chinese cabbage leaves: Stomata and trichomes regulate foliar uptake of Pb in atmospheric PM2.5","volume":"293","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pol."},{"issue":"Part 2","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib22","article-title":"Transforming urban air quality: green infrastructure strategies for the urban centers of Ethiopia","volume":"363","author":"Gebreyesus","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2018.02.038","article-title":"A new approach for modeling dry deposition velocity of particles","volume":"180","author":"Giardina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib25","series-title":"Air Pollution Sources, Statistics and Health Effects","article-title":"Urban air quality: sources and concentrations","author":"Goodsite","year":"2021"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib26","article-title":"Influence of road traffic, residential heating and meteorological conditions on PM10 concentrations during air pollution critical episodes","volume":"22","author":"Gualtieri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2013.11.012","article-title":"Significance of wet deposition to removal of atmospheric particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a case study in guangzhou, China","volume":"83","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2003.00785.x","article-title":"Does elevated CO2 facilitate naturalization of the non-indigenous Prunus laurocerasus in Swiss temperate forests?","volume":"17","author":"H\u00e4ttenschwiler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2011.12.002","article-title":"Field investigation of roadside vegetative and structural barrier impact on near-road ultrafine particle concentrations under a variety of wind conditions","volume":"419","author":"Hagler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2019.126510","article-title":"Particulate matter capturing capacity of roadside evergreen vegetation during the winter season","volume":"48","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urban For.Urban Green."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib31","series-title":"Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles (N. : W. 2022 Hoboken","isbn-type":"print","author":"Hinds","year":"2022","ISBN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/isbn\/9781119494065"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marchem.2008.10.003","article-title":"Sources, solubility, and dry deposition of aerosol trace elements over the East China Sea","volume":"120","author":"Hsu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib33","series-title":"Istituto Superiore per la Protezione E la Ricerca Ambientale","article-title":"Dati sull'andamento delle emissioni in Italia e disaggregazione per il trasporto stradale","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3390\/fire7040150","article-title":"Impact of seasonal heating on PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in su\u010dany, Slovakia: a temporal and spatial analysis","volume":"7","author":"Jandacka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fire"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2020.08.003","article-title":"Assessment of foliar dust particle retention and toxic metal accumulation ability of fifteen roadside tree species: relationship and mechanism","volume":"12","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.3390\/f12040438","article-title":"Particulate matter removal ability of ten evergreen trees planted in Korea urban greening","volume":"12","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Forests"},{"issue":"Part B","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib38","article-title":"Assessment of the ability of roadside vegetation to remove particulate matter from the urban air","volume":"268","author":"Ko\u0144czak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Poll."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae9020165","article-title":"Understanding particulate matter retention and wash-off during rainfall in relation to leaf traits of urban forest tree species","volume":"9","author":"Kwak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Horticulturae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(79)90162-5","article-title":"Atmospheric trace metals: global cycles and assessment of man's impact","volume":"43","author":"Lantzy","year":"1979","journal-title":"Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib42","article-title":"Diversity analysis of leaf phenotypic characters of Pyracantha fortunaeana","volume":"vol. 199","author":"Li","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2023.127843","article-title":"Air pollution removal through deposition on urban vegetation: the importance of vegetation characteristics","volume":"81","author":"Lind\u00e9n","year":"2023","journal-title":"Urban For. Urban Green."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.10.314","article-title":"An investigation of the leaf retention capacity, efficiency and mechanism for atmospheric particulate matter of five greening tree species in Beijing, China","volume":"616","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12071545","article-title":"Breathing fresh air in the City: implementing avenue trees as a sustainable solution to reduce particulate pollution in urban agglomerations","volume":"12","author":"Mandal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2024.105906","article-title":"Trace element chemistry and strontium isotope ratios of atmospheric particulate matter reveal air quality impacts from mineral dust, urban pollution, and fireworks in the Wasatch Front, Utah, USA","volume":"162","author":"Marcy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014350822458","article-title":"Quantifying urban forest structure, function, and value: the Chicago Urban Forest Climate project","volume":"1","author":"McPherson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Urban Ecosyst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib52","series-title":"\u201cParticle Size Measurements: Fundamentals, Practice, Quality\u201d. Particle Technology Series","author":"Merkus","year":"2009"},{"issue":"Part 1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib53","article-title":"Assessment of seasonal variations in particulate matter accumulation and elemental composition in urban tree species","volume":"252","author":"Moura","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib54","first-page":"181","article-title":"Gwyddion: an open-source software for SPM data analysis","volume":"10","author":"Ne\u010das","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cent. Eur. J. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-010-0379-z","article-title":"Concentration distribution and bioaccessibility of trace elements in nano and fine urban airborne particulate matter: influence of particle size","volume":"213","author":"Niu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water, Air, Soil Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2886","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15122886","article-title":"Particulate matter exposure of passengers at bus stations: a review","volume":"15","author":"Ngoc","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/f13020322","article-title":"Experimental characterization of particulate and gaseous emissions from biomass burning of six mediterranean species and litter","volume":"13","author":"Nestola","year":"2022","journal-title":"Forests"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2006.01.007","article-title":"Air pollution removal by urban trees and shrubs in the United States","volume":"4","author":"Nowak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Urban For. Urban Green."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1111\/avsc.12181","article-title":"Estimating leaf area index in tree species using the PocketLAI smart app","volume":"18","author":"Orlando","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Veg. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-1233-2020","article-title":"The impact of biomass burning and aqueous-phase processing on air quality: a multi-year source apportionment study in the Po valley, Italy","volume":"20","author":"Paglione","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115134","article-title":"Particulate matter concentrations and fluxes within an urban park in naples","volume":"266","author":"Pallozzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9204","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-4019-9","article-title":"Particulate matter concentration and chemical composition in the metro system of rome, Italy","volume":"22","author":"Perrino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.09.043","article-title":"Aerosol dry deposition on vegetative canopies. Part I: rev. Present Knowl","volume":"42","author":"Petroff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2013.07.070","article-title":"Characterization of the originof fine particulate matter in a medium size urban area in the Mediterranean","volume":"80","author":"Pikridas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos10100633","article-title":"How much does weather matter? Effects of rain and wind on PM accumulation by four species of Australian native trees","volume":"10","author":"Popek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.02.072","article-title":"Accumulation of particulate matter and trace elements on vegetation as affected by pollution level, rainfall and the passage of time","volume":"481","author":"Przybysz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17165717","article-title":"Innovative characterization of particulate matter deposited on urban vegetation leaves through the application of a chemical fractionation procedure","volume":"17","author":"Ristorini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4060","DOI":"10.1021\/es034145s","article-title":"Airborne brake wear debris: size distributions, compositions, and a comparison of dynamometer and vehicle tests","volume":"37","author":"Sandres","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","article-title":"NIH image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib75","first-page":"212","article-title":"Determination of plant leaf micro-morphological characters depending on traffic density: case study of Pyracantha Coccinea","volume":"12","author":"\u015eevik","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Int. Environ. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2014.11.030","article-title":"Particulate matter deposition on Quercus ilex leaves in an industrial city of central Italy","volume":"197","author":"Sgrigna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Poll."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.01.057","article-title":"Characterization of leaf-level particulate matter for an industrial city using electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis","volume":"548\u2013549","author":"Sgrigna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137310","article-title":"Relationships between air particulate matter capture efficiency and leaf traits in twelve tree species from an Italian urban-industrial environment","volume":"718","author":"Sgrigna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2017.01.011","article-title":"Quantifying the particulate matter accumulation on leaf surfaces of urban plants in Beijing, China","volume":"8","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Poll. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.12.051","article-title":"Exploration of effects of a vegetation barrier on particle size distributions in a near-road environment","volume":"50","author":"Steffens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib80","series-title":"Air Pollution and Cancer. IARC Scientific Publication No. 161","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116283","article-title":"Effect of air quality improvement by urban parks on mitigating PM2.5 and its associated heavy metals: a mobile-monitoring field study","volume":"323","author":"Su","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.06.007","article-title":"Sources and properties of non-exhaust particulate matter from road traffic: a review","volume":"400","author":"Thorpe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106288","article-title":"Green infrastructure for air quality improvement in street canyons","volume":"146","author":"Tomson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-013-1911-7","article-title":"Source apportionment of particulate matter in a large city of southeastern Po valley (Bologna, Italy)","volume":"21","author":"Tositti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib85","series-title":"World Urbanization Prospects 2024: Highlights. ST\/ESA\/SER.A\/487","year":"2024"},{"issue":"Part 3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib87","article-title":"Deposition of trace metals associated with atmospheric particulate matter: environmental fate and health risk assessment","volume":"303","author":"Vithanage","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4453","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(02)00411-9","article-title":"Elemental composition of airborne particulate matter in the multi-impacted area of Thessaloniki, Greece","volume":"36","author":"Voutsa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2009.03.028","article-title":"An investigation on the physical, chemical and ecotoxicological characteristics of particulate matter emitted from light-duty vehicles","volume":"157","author":"Vouitsis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2018.01.014","article-title":"The effects of trees on air pollutant levels in peri-urban near-road environments","volume":"30","author":"Viippola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urban For. Urban Green."},{"issue":"Part 3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib91","article-title":"Deposition of trace metals associated with atmospheric particulate matter: environmental fate and health risk assessment","volume":"303","author":"Vithanage","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/935942","article-title":"Effects of weather, time, and pollution level on the amount of particulate matter deposited on leaves of Ligustrum lucidum","volume":"2015","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2018.07.011","article-title":"Heavy metal characteristics and health risk assessment of PM2.5 in three residential homes during winter in Nanjing, China","volume":"143","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"issue":"Part A","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib94","article-title":"Quantifying metal emissions from vehicular traffic using real world emission factors","volume":"268","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Poll."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2024.105703","article-title":"Mitigating particulate matter exposure at bus stations using green infrastructure","volume":"113","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(95)00038-2","article-title":"The composition of the continental crust","volume":"59","author":"Wedepohl","year":"1995","journal-title":"Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.04.106","article-title":"Quantification of the traffic-generated particulate matter capture by plant species in a living wall and evaluation of the important leaf characteristics","volume":"635","author":"Weerakkody","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2018.07.018","article-title":"The impact of rainfall in remobilising particulate matter accumulated on leaves of four evergreen species grown on a green screen and a living wall","volume":"35","author":"Weerakkody","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urban For. Urban Green."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib101","article-title":"Heavy metals in contaminated soils: a review of sources, chemistry, risks and best available strategies for remediation","volume":"vol.2011","author":"Wuana","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.07.141","article-title":"Influence of rainfall duration and intensity on particulate matter removal from plant leaves","volume":"609","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2016.09.014","article-title":"Urban forests near roads do not reduce gaseous air pollutant concentrations but have an impact on particles levels","volume":"158","author":"Yli-Pelkonen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plann."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2020.117584","article-title":"Impacts of urban roadside forest patches on NO2 concentrations","volume":"232","author":"Yli-Pelkonen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20031890","article-title":"Effects of ambient temperature and humidity on natural deposition characteristics of airborne biomass particles","volume":"20","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2021.118734","article-title":"Investigation into Beijing commuters\u2019 exposure to ultrafine particles in four transportation modes: bus, car, bicycle and subway","volume":"266","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib108","article-title":"A comparative study of foliar particulate matter wash-off from plants under natural and simulated rain conditions","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-022-05953-7","article-title":"Characteristics and sources of PAHs, hopanes, and elements in PM10 aerosol in tulsipur and charikot (Nepal)","volume":"233","author":"Zapletal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water, Air, Soil Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib110","first-page":"2316","article-title":"Exposure characteristics and determinants of particulate matter at bus stops in central district of Guangzhou","volume":"34","author":"Zhong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.113679","article-title":"Consistency between deposition of particulate matter and its removal by rainfall from leaf surfaces in plant canopies","volume":"240","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."}],"container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749126007359?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749126007359?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T21:54:06Z","timestamp":1783115646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0269749126007359"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":90,"alternative-id":["S0269749126007359"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-7491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-7491","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mitigating traffic-related particulate matter with evergreen shrubs: A real-world field study in bergamo, Italy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Pollution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128365","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"128365"}}