{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T02:16:05Z","timestamp":1783131365523,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRG-2023\/006383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRG-2023\/006383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007063","name":"University of Delhi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007063","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T19:32:49Z","timestamp":1779305569000},"page":"128373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Sources and characteristics of water and methanol soluble brown carbon over a megacity: Insights from EEM-PARAFAC approach"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"402","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7246-7158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Swati","family":"Joshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0723-4849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atinderpal","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8126-1542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chandrima","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garima","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4532-7827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neeraj","family":"Rastogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2023.107073","article-title":"Light-absorbing properties of polar- and non-polar brown carbon fractions of aerosols in Delhi","volume":"296","author":"Alang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12731","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-12731-2015","article-title":"Direct radiative effect by brown carbon over the Indo-Gangetic Plain","volume":"15","author":"Arola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib3","first-page":"782","article-title":"Enhanced light absorption by ambient brown carbon aerosols in the eastern Himalayas","volume":"4","author":"Arun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.: Atmos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib4","first-page":"100262","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species generation from winter water-soluble organic aerosols in Delhi's PM2.5","volume":"22","author":"Bhowmik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ. X"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1039\/D0EM00111B","article-title":"Evidence for brown carbon absorption over the Bay of Bengal during the southwest monsoon season: a possible oceanic source","volume":"22","author":"Bikkina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1039\/C9EM00089E","article-title":"Brown carbon in the continental outflow to the North Indian Ocean","volume":"21","author":"Bikkina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1039\/an9962101183","article-title":"Elemental carbon-based method for occupational monitoring of particulate diesel exhaust: methodology and exposure issues","volume":"121","author":"Birch","year":"1996","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5380","DOI":"10.1002\/jgrd.50171","article-title":"Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: a scientific assessment","volume":"118","author":"Bond","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-23-2613-2023","article-title":"Technical note: chemical composition and source identification of fluorescent components in atmospheric water-soluble brown carbon by excitation\u2013emission matrix spectroscopy with parallel factor analysis \u2013 potential limitations and applications","volume":"23","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(98)00331-8","article-title":"Carbonaceous aerosol in urban and rural European atmospheres: estimation of secondary organic carbon concentrations","volume":"33","author":"Castro","year":"1999","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3647","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-25-3647-2025","article-title":"Measurement report: optical and structural properties of atmospheric water-soluble organic carbon in China \u2013 insights from multi-site spectroscopic measurements","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b05277","article-title":"Chemical structural characteristics of HULIS and other fractionated organic matter in urban aerosols: results from mass spectral and FT-IR analysis","volume":"50","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137322","article-title":"Identification of species and sources of atmospheric chromophores by fluorescence excitation-emission matrix with parallel factor analysis","volume":"718","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.12.035","article-title":"The characteristics of brown carbon aerosol during winter in Beijing","volume":"127","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2020.105285","article-title":"Absorption and radiative characteristics of brown carbon aerosols during crop residue burning in the source region of Indo-Gangetic Plain","volume":"249","author":"Choudhary","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6449","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-6449-2022","article-title":"Measurement report: optical properties and sources of water-soluble brown carbon in Tianjin, North China \u2013 insights from organic molecular compositions","volume":"22","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169451","article-title":"Dual carbon isotope-based brown carbon aerosol characteristics at a high-altitude site in the northeastern Himalayas: role of biomass burning","volume":"912","author":"Devaprasad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161044","article-title":"Characterization of paddy-residue burning derived carbonaceous aerosols using dual carbon isotopes","volume":"864","author":"Devaprasad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1039\/D1EM00050K","article-title":"Brown carbon aerosols in the Indo-Gangetic Plain outflow: insights from excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy","volume":"23","author":"Dey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.171084","article-title":"Compositional and optical characteristics of aqueous brown carbon and HULIS in the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain using a coupled EEM PARAFAC, FT-IR and 1H NMR approach","volume":"921","author":"Dey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5887","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-24-5887-2024","article-title":"Measurement report: optical characterization, seasonality, and sources of brown carbon in fine aerosols from Tianjin, North China: year-round observations","volume":"24","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11069","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-11069-2011","article-title":"Secondary organic aerosol formation in cloud droplets and aqueous particles (aqSOA): a review of laboratory, field and model studies","volume":"11","author":"Ervens","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4593","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-4593-2020","article-title":"The evolutionary behavior of chromophoric brown carbon during ozone aging of fine particles from biomass burning","volume":"20","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2019.02.039","article-title":"The aging behaviors of chromophoric biomass burning brown carbon during dark aqueous hydroxyl radical oxidation processes in laboratory studies","volume":"205","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8607","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-13-8607-2013","article-title":"Brown carbon: a significant atmospheric absorber of solar radiation?","volume":"13","author":"Feng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-6-729-2006","article-title":"Atmospheric HULIS: how humic-like are they? A comprehensive and critical review","volume":"6","author":"Graber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JD003277","article-title":"Characterization of carbonaceous aerosols outflow from India and Arabia: biomass\/biofuel burning and fossil fuel combustion","volume":"108","author":"Guazzotti","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1164857","article-title":"Brown clouds over south Asia: biomass or fossil fuel combustion?","volume":"323","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5965","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-5965-2010","article-title":"Water-Soluble Organic Aerosol material and the light-absorption characteristics of aqueous extracts measured over the Southeastern United States","volume":"10","author":"Hecobian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c05883","article-title":"Chemical composition and molecular-specific optical properties of atmospheric brown carbon associated with biomass burning","volume":"55","author":"Hettiyadura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s40726-020-00138-4","article-title":"Biological aerosol particles in polluted regions","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Pollut. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1002\/rra.1005","article-title":"Fluorescence analysis of dissolved organic matter in natural, waste and polluted waters\u2014a review","volume":"23","author":"Hudson","year":"2007","journal-title":"River Res. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.175932","article-title":"Insights into the formation of secondary organic aerosols from agricultural residue burning emissions: a review of chamber-based studies","volume":"952","author":"Joshi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4335","DOI":"10.1021\/cr5006167","article-title":"Chemistry of atmospheric brown carbon","volume":"115","author":"Laskin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7841","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-7841-2015","article-title":"Brown carbon aerosol in the North American continental troposphere: sources, abundance, and radiative forcing","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.220128","article-title":"Measurement of Black carbon in Delhi: evidences of regional transport, meteorology and local sources for pollution episodes","volume":"22","author":"Malik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aerosol Air Qual. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c09378","article-title":"Quantifying the light-absorption properties and molecular composition of brown carbon aerosol from sub-saharan African biomass combustion","author":"Moschos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115440","article-title":"Sources and atmospheric processing of brown carbon and HULIS in the Indo-Gangetic Plain: insights from compositional analysis","volume":"267","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6557","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ay41160e","article-title":"Fluorescence spectroscopy and multi-way techniques","volume":"5","author":"Murphy","year":"2013","journal-title":"PARAFAC. Analytic. Method."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13285","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-24-13285-2024","article-title":"Brownness of organics in anthropogenic biomass burning aerosols over South Asia","volume":"24","author":"Navinya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2022.119263","article-title":"Oxidative potential and hydroxyl radical generation capacity of ambient PM2.5 over a high-altitude site in northeastern Himalaya: role of long-range transport","volume":"287","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2018.04.049","article-title":"Fluorescence fingerprinting properties for exploring water-soluble organic compounds in PM2.5 in an industrial city of northwest China","volume":"184","author":"Qin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8233","DOI":"10.1021\/es9011542","article-title":"Absorption coefficient and site-specific mass absorption efficiency of elemental carbon in aerosols over urban, rural, and high-altitude sites in India","volume":"43","author":"Ram","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5326","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0500656102","article-title":"Atmospheric brown clouds: impacts on South Asian climate and hydrological cycle","volume":"102","author":"Ramanathan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137102","article-title":"Optical properties of aerosol brown carbon (BrC) in the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain","volume":"716","author":"Rana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148589","article-title":"Diurnal variability in the spectral characteristics and sources of water-soluble brown carbon aerosols over Delhi","volume":"794","author":"Rastogi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2013.09.037","article-title":"Chemical characteristics of PM2.5 at a source region of biomass burning emissions: evidence for secondary aerosol formation","volume":"184","author":"Rastogi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s40726-020-00139-3","article-title":"From measurements to models: toward accurate representation of brown carbon in climate calculations","volume":"6","author":"Saleh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Pollut. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JD023697","article-title":"Contribution of brown carbon and lensing to the direct radiative effect of carbonaceous aerosols from biomass and biofuel burning emissions","volume":"120","author":"Saleh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b02637","article-title":"On the use of brown carbon Spectra as a tool to understand their broader composition and characteristics: a case Study from crop-residue burning samples","volume":"4","author":"Satish","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33339","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-09388-7","article-title":"Change in characteristics of water-soluble and water-insoluble brown carbon aerosols during a large-scale biomass burning","volume":"27","author":"Satish","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33339","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-09388-7","article-title":"Change in characteristics of water-soluble and water-insoluble brown carbon aerosols during a large-scale biomass burning","volume":"27","author":"Satish","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6765","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b00734","article-title":"Temporal characteristics of brown carbon over the central Indo-Gangetic Plain","volume":"51","author":"Satish","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37735","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37735","article-title":"Refractive index and absorption attribution of highly absorbing brown carbon aerosols from an urban Indian city-Kanpur","volume":"6","author":"Shamjad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib55","article-title":"Quantification of organic carbon from biomass versus non-biomass burning emissions to fine aerosol","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"PINSA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2021.118338","article-title":"Sources and characteristics of light-absorbing fine particulates over Delhi through the synergy of real-time optical and chemical measurements","volume":"252","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.12.029","article-title":"Absorbing and scattering aerosols over the source region of biomass burning emissions: implications in the assessment of optical and radiative properties","volume":"127","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.07.017","article-title":"Mass absorption efficiency of light absorbing organic aerosols from source region of paddy-residue burning emissions in the Indo-Gangetic Plain","volume":"125","author":"Srinivas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.07.017","article-title":"Mass absorption efficiency of light absorbing organic aerosols from source region of paddy-residue burning emissions in the Indo-Gangetic Plain","volume":"125","author":"Srinivas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.03.030","article-title":"Brown carbon in atmospheric outflow from the Indo-Gangetic Plain: Mass absorption efficiency and temporal variability","volume":"89","author":"Srinivas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3226","DOI":"10.1002\/2014GC005395","article-title":"Atmospheric transport of mineral dust from the I ndo\u2010 G angetic P lain: temporal variability, acid processing, and iron solubility","volume":"15","author":"Srinivas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11337","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-11337-2021","article-title":"Measurement report: Long-emission-wavelength chromophores dominate the light absorption of brown carbon in aerosols over Bangkok: impact from biomass burning","volume":"21","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2023JD040144","article-title":"Long\u2010Emission\u2010Wavelength humic\u2010like component (L\u2010HULIS) as a secondary source tracer of brown carbon in the atmosphere","volume":"129","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9061","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-9061-2018","article-title":"Light absorption of brown carbon in eastern China based on 3-year multi-wavelength aerosol optical property observations and an improved absorption \u00c5ngstr\u00f6m exponent segregation method","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147971","article-title":"Water-soluble brown carbon in atmospheric aerosols along the transport pathway of Asian dust: optical properties, chemical compositions, and potential sources","volume":"789","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115906","article-title":"Fluorescence characteristics of water-soluble organic carbon in atmospheric aerosol","volume":"268","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3471","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b00596","article-title":"Water-soluble brown carbon in atmospheric aerosols from Godavari (Nepal), a regional representative of south Asia","volume":"53","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13739","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-13739-2022","article-title":"Potential underestimation of ambient brown carbon absorption based on the methanol extraction method and its impacts on source analysis","volume":"22","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43182","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43182","article-title":"Important fossil source contribution to brown carbon in Beijing during winter","volume":"7","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2022.843582","article-title":"Variation in coarse Particulate Matter (PM10) and its characterization at multiple locations in the Semiarid Region","volume":"10","author":"Zeb","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-1901-2020","article-title":"Modeling the global radiative effect of brown carbon: a potentially larger heating source in the tropical free troposphere than black carbon","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/2015GL066497","article-title":"Size\u2010dependent hygroscopicity parameter (\u03ba) and chemical composition of secondary organic cloud condensation nuclei","volume":"42","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12609","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-23-12609-2023","article-title":"Characterizing water-soluble brown carbon in fine particles in four typical cities in northwestern China during wintertime: integrating optical properties with chemical processes","volume":"23","author":"Zhong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."}],"container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749126007438?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749126007438?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T01:19:38Z","timestamp":1783127978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0269749126007438"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["S0269749126007438"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-7491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-7491","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sources and characteristics of water and methanol soluble brown carbon over a megacity: Insights from EEM-PARAFAC approach","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Pollution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128373","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"128373"}}