{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:46:20Z","timestamp":1786117580305,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T15:09:29Z","timestamp":1782572969000},"page":"128645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Gradient-boosting threshold identification for developmental toxicity: A BPAF case-study framework for early-stage risk assessment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"406","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9199-3014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chinedu Christian","family":"Iheanacho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao-Yang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8958-3895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit Jagannath","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nyamamba Kevin","family":"Ayiera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sartaj Ali","family":"Sethar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.125115","article-title":"Biogeographic biases in microplastic ingestion research mask biodiversity and consumption risks across benthic invertebrates","volume":"291","author":"Ao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-022-00279-8","article-title":"Plastic pollution in the arctic","volume":"3","author":"Bergmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Earth Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2017.1303818","article-title":"Evolution of chemical-specific adjustment factors (CSAF) based on recent international experience: increasing utility and facilitating regulatory acceptance","volume":"47","author":"Bhat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4103","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31870-8","article-title":"Differences in barriers for controlled learning about safety between biotechnology and chemistry","volume":"13","author":"Bouchaut","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.125571","article-title":"Leaching and extraction of additives from plastic pollution to inform environmental risk: a multidisciplinary review of analytical approaches","volume":"414","author":"Bridson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28829","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-09123-2","article-title":"The quantification of bisphenols and their analogues in wastewaters and surface water by an improved solid-phase extraction gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry method","volume":"27","author":"Caban","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2011.01642.x","article-title":"A meta\u2010analysis of crop pest and natural enemy response to landscape complexity","volume":"14","author":"Chaplin\u2010Kramer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10216","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c01292","article-title":"Physiologically based toxicokinetic modeling of bisphenols in zebrafish (Danio rerio) accounting for variations in metabolic rates, brain distribution, and liver accumulation","volume":"56","author":"Chelcea","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib9","series-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining","first-page":"785","article-title":"XGBoost: a scalable tree boosting System","author":"Chen","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5438","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b05387","article-title":"Bisphenol analogues other than BPA: environmental occurrence, human exposure, and Toxicity-A review","volume":"50","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2019.1701986","article-title":"Substitution of bisphenol A: a review of the carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, and endocrine disruption potential of alternative substances","volume":"50","author":"Den Braver-Sewradj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"issue":"7936","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-022-03644-1","article-title":"Plastics Messy End-Game","volume":"611","author":"DeWeerdt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-49364-y","article-title":"Machine learning identifies phenotypic profile alterations of human dopaminergic neurons exposed to bisphenols and perfluoroalkyls","volume":"13","author":"Di Credico","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib14","author":"Silano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib15","series-title":"Environmental Monitoring and Surveillance in Support of the Chemicals Management Plan - Bisphenol A in the Canadian Environment","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib16","article-title":"Assessment of the endocrine disrupting properties of bisphenol AF according to the EU criteria and ECHA\/EFSA guidance","volume":"17","author":"Escriv\u00e1","year":"2019","journal-title":"EFS2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib17","series-title":"Arcgis Desktop: Release 10.8","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib18","series-title":"Guidance on Information Requirements and Chemical Safety Assessment: Chapter R.7a \u2013 Endpoint Specific Guidance","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1013203451","article-title":"Greedy function approximation: a gradient boosting machine","volume":"29","author":"Friedman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1700782","article-title":"Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made","volume":"3","author":"Geyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib21","series-title":"Interpreting the Results of EPA Dose-Response Models","author":"Gift","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib22","author":"Greenwell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10488","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c00029","article-title":"Fate and persistence of bisphenol AF (BPAF) in agricultural soils: role of nonextractable residues","volume":"59","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21613","DOI":"10.1039\/D3RA04285E","article-title":"Toxicological evaluation of bisphenol analogues: preventive measures and therapeutic interventions","volume":"13","author":"Hamid Akash","year":"2023","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfi110","article-title":"Zebrafish as a model vertebrate for investigating chemical toxicity","volume":"86","author":"Hill","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2023.124134","article-title":"The bonding and intercalation efficacy of polyethyleneimine enhanced BiOBr semiconductor\u2013organic framework degradation and detoxification of bisphenol AF","volume":"320","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"issue":"Part 2","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib27","article-title":"Efficient degradation and detoxification of bisphenol analogues through carbon doping and oxygen-vacancy co-modification of BiVO4: risk assessment of BPA alternatives based on toxicity monitoring","volume":"395","author":"Jiang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.07.059","article-title":"Occurrence and partitioning of bisphenol analogues in water and sediment from Liaohe River basin and Taihu Lake","volume":"103","author":"Jin","year":"2016","journal-title":"China. Water Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-024-00805-2","article-title":"More than 4,000 plastic chemicals are hazardous, report finds","author":"Jones","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12239","article-title":"In vitro and modelling approaches to risk assessment from the U.S. EPA ToxCast program","volume":"115","author":"Judson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85889","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-28441-9","article-title":"Analysis of the \u201ccircular plastics economy\u201d phenomena and its long-term implications for demand for petroleum market","volume":"30","author":"Kapustin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-14-13","article-title":"Non-monotonic dose-response relationships and endocrine disruptors: a qualitative method of assessment","volume":"14","author":"Lagarde","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-14-13","article-title":"Non-monotonic dose\u2013response relationships and endocrine disruptors: a qualitative method of assessment","volume":"14","author":"Lagarde","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307923","article-title":"The navigation Guide\u2014Evidence-based medicine meets environmental health: integration of animal and human evidence for PFOA effects on fetal growth","volume":"122","author":"Lam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.076","article-title":"Occurrence and distribution of parabens and bisphenols in sediment from northern Chinese coastal areas","volume":"253","author":"Liao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7749","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.0c09435","article-title":"Avoiding regrettable substitutions: green toxicology for sustainable chemistry","volume":"9","author":"Maertens","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"4","author":"Moher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2023.280","article-title":"An integrated approach to remove endocrine-disrupting chemicals bisphenol and its analogues from the aqueous environment: a review","volume":"88","author":"Monica","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4894","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60145-1","article-title":"Proactive measures help shape the EU candidate list of substances of very high concern","volume":"16","author":"M\u00f6rk","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib40","volume":"1","author":"Ni","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib41","series-title":"OECD Series on Risk Management No. 28","article-title":"Guidance on key considerations for the identification and selection of safer chemical alternatives","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib42","series-title":"Series on Testing and Assessment No. 350","article-title":"Report on considerations from case study on integrated approaches for testing and assessment (IATA)","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib43","first-page":"22","article-title":"Impacts of emerging organic contaminants on freshwater resources: review of recent occurrences, sources, fate and effects","volume":"53","author":"Pal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-025-07826-1","article-title":"A comprehensive overview of chemical additives in single-use polimeric products: functionality, environmental impact and the analytical greenness assessment","volume":"236","author":"Pavlovskyi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.053","article-title":"A review on emerging contaminants in wastewaters and the environment: current knowledge, understudied areas and recommendations for future monitoring","volume":"72","author":"Petrie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c08365","article-title":"Alternative plasticizers as emerging global environmental and health threat: another regrettable substitution?","volume":"56","author":"Qadeer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib47","series-title":"R: a Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2022.106345","article-title":"Bisphenol AF induces multiple behavioral and biochemical changes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) at different life stages","volume":"253","author":"Rao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b05269","article-title":"Water analysis: emerging contaminants and current issues","volume":"92","author":"Richardson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-01966-w","article-title":"Bisphenols exert detrimental effects on neuronal signaling in mature vertebrate brains","volume":"4","author":"Schirmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-025-04025-z","article-title":"Mechanisms of bisphenol A and its analogs as endocrine disruptors via nuclear receptors and related signaling pathways","volume":"99","author":"Stanojevi\u0107","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymben.2021.12.006","article-title":"The metabolic potential of plastics as biotechnological carbon sources\u2013review and targets for the future","volume":"71","author":"Tiso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metab. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108585","article-title":"Innovative analytical methodologies for characterizing chemical exposure with a view to next-generation risk assessment","volume":"186","author":"Tkalec","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib54","series-title":"Guidelines for Human Exposure Assessment. EPA\/100\/B-19\/001. Risk Assessment Forum","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib55","series-title":"Design for the Environment: Safer Chemical Ingredients List. Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib56","series-title":"A Review of the Reference Concentration Process. EPA\/630\/P-02\/002F. Risk Assessment Forum","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib57","series-title":"Guidelines for Carcinogenic Risk Assessment. EPA\/630\/P-03\/001F. Risk Assessment Forum","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib58","series-title":"Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2011-1050","article-title":"Hormones and endocrine-disrupting chemicals: low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose responses","volume":"33","author":"Vandenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-024-03547-z","article-title":"Development and child health in a world of synthetic chemicals","volume":"97","author":"Wager","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27352","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-17647-4","article-title":"Occurrence, spatial distribution, and main source identification of ten bisphenol analogues in the dry season of the Pearl River, South China","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.119911","article-title":"Acute and sub-chronic exposure to bisphenol AF induces cardiac inflammatory response in zebrafish through lncRNA\/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks","volume":"312","author":"Wei","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib63","series-title":"ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis","author":"Wickham","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01686","article-title":"Welcome to the tidyverse","volume":"4","author":"Wickham","year":"2019","journal-title":"JOSS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib65","series-title":"Dplyr: a grammar of data manipulationR package version 1.0.4","author":"Wickham","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib66","article-title":"Read rectangular text data","volume":"2.1.4","author":"Wickham","year":"2023","journal-title":"R package version"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib67","first-page":"1","article-title":"The navigation guide systematic review methodology: a rigorous and transparent method for translating environmental health science into better health outcomes","volume":"13","author":"Woodruff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130232","article-title":"Determination and occurrence of bisphenol A and thirteen structural analogs in soil","volume":"277","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11467","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b02293","article-title":"Benchmarking the in vitro toxicity and chemical composition of plastic consumer products","volume":"53","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106066","article-title":"Are bioplastics and plant-based materials safer than conventional plastics? In vitro toxicity and chemical composition","volume":"145","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."}],"container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749126010158?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749126010158?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T14:07:02Z","timestamp":1786025222000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0269749126010158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["S0269749126010158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-7491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-7491","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gradient-boosting threshold identification for developmental toxicity: A BPAF case-study framework for early-stage risk assessment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Pollution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128645","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"128645"}}