{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:52:45Z","timestamp":1791874365347,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 112-2221-E-020-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2221-E-020-003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:17:50Z","timestamp":1785770270000},"page":"128841","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Particle-size control of radionuclide enrichment and environmental risk pathways in slurry from the Wandan mud volcano"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"409","author":[{"given":"Chih-Chung","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Sheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Hsiang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-Chien","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Fu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-023-05154-7","article-title":"Radiation hazards and extremophiles bioaccumulation of radionuclides from hypersaline lakes and hot springs","volume":"21","author":"Abdelkarim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-21431-6","article-title":"Investigating the soil surface properties behind elevated natural radiation in Mamuju, Indonesia","volume":"15","author":"Abdullah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib3","article-title":"Assessment of natural radionuclides in local and imported cements in Erbil Governorate, Kurdistan Region-Iraq","volume":"13","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jordan Journal of Physics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03325843","article-title":"Natural environmental radioactivity and estimation of radiation exposure from saline soils","volume":"1","author":"Akhtar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2010.09.002","article-title":"Radioactivity levels and radiological hazard indices at the Saudi coastline of the Gulf of Aqaba","volume":"80","author":"Al-Trabulsy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiat. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121288","article-title":"Environmental radioactivity assessment of the Brunei Darussalam coastline of the South China Sea","volume":"323","author":"Al Shaaibi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margeo.2006.03.001","article-title":"Radiometric analysis of Quaternary deposits from the southeastern Brazilian coast","volume":"229","author":"Anjos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mar. Geol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib8","article-title":"Spatial distribution and risk profiling of natural radionuclides in Ravi River sediment","volume":"18","author":"Anjum","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2004.01.004","article-title":"Specific activity and hazards of granite samples collected from the Eastern Desert of Egypt","volume":"75","author":"Arafa","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Environ. Radioact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2023.107672","article-title":"Natural radionuclides as tracers of coastal sediment dynamics in El Confital Bay (Spain): spatial distribution and relationships with sediment characteristics","volume":"235","author":"Arriola-Vel\u00e1squez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anucene.2024.110654","article-title":"Concentration level of radionuclides in road dust in the urban atmosphere of two cities of Pakistan","volume":"206","author":"Baloch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Nucl. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib12","article-title":"Assessment of natural radioactivity level before and after a mud-volcano eruption: a study from Piparo mud-volcano, Trinidad and Tobago","volume":"251\u2013252","author":"Banerjee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Radioact."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib13","first-page":"815","article-title":"Activity levels of 210Po in the coastal area of Kapar, Malaysia, close to a Coal-Fired Power Plant","volume":"41","author":"Batu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sains Malays."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib14","first-page":"74","article-title":"Determination of external and internal hazard indices from naturally occurring radionuclide in rock, sediment and building samples collected from Sikiti, Southwestern Nigeria","volume":"4","author":"Bello","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nat. Sci. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-198501000-00007","article-title":"Natural radioactivity of Australian building materials, industrial wastes and by-products","volume":"48","author":"Beretka","year":"1985","journal-title":"Health Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-24681-6","article-title":"Geospatial assessment of natural radionuclides in urban soil of Chennai Metropolitan City","volume":"15","author":"Bharath","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3390\/environments12040121","article-title":"The physico-chemical and radionuclide characterisation of soil near a future radioactive waste management centre","volume":"12","author":"Bituh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environments"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2024.104942","article-title":"Dust in the critical zone: north American case studies","volume":"258","author":"Brahney","year":"2024","journal-title":"Earth Sci. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2010.11.011","article-title":"Application of radiometric analysis in the study of provenance and transport processes of Brazilian coastal sediments","volume":"102","author":"Carvalho","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Environ. Radioact."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.2113\/0520533","article-title":"U-Th-Ra fractionation during weathering and river transport","volume":"52","author":"Chabaux","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev. Mineral. Geochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejbas.2014.02.001","article-title":"Spatial distribution and lifetime cancer risk due to gamma radioactivity in Yelagiri Hills, Tamilnadu, India","volume":"1","author":"Chandrasekaran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2011.02658.x","article-title":"Microbial methane cycling in a terrestrial mud volcano in eastern Taiwan","volume":"14","author":"Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2011.02.033","article-title":"Boron isotopic composition of mud volcano fluids: implications for fluid migration in shallow subduction zones","volume":"305","author":"Chao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Earth Planet Sci. Lett."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2001GL014512","article-title":"Oxidative precipitation of groundwater-derived ferrous iron in the subterranean estuary of a coastal bay","volume":"29","author":"Charette","year":"2002","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib25","article-title":"The influence of sedimentation regime on natural radionuclide activity concentration in marine sediments of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf","volume":"253\u2013254","author":"Charkin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Radioact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib26","series-title":"Kaohsiung [Geological map and explanatory text]. Zhonghe, New Taipei City, Taiwan","author":"Chen","year":"2001"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9239","DOI":"10.3390\/app14209239","article-title":"Assessment of soil radioactivity associated with risk and correlation with soil properties near Maanshan Nuclear power plant, Taiwan","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-025-14698-9","article-title":"Sediment characteristics affecting natural radionuclide distribution and radiological assessment in a tropical wetland near Maanshan Nuclear Power Plant, Southern Taiwan","volume":"197","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-8252(02)00069-7","article-title":"Mud volcanoes\u2014the most important pathway for degassing deeply buried sediments","volume":"59","author":"Dimitrov","year":"2002","journal-title":"Earth Sci. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00367-003-0140-3","article-title":"Mud volcanoes\u2014a significant source of atmospheric methane","volume":"23","author":"Dimitrov","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geo Mar. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib31","first-page":"172","article-title":"Radiological hazard assessments of natural radionuclides in surface soil in Chau Binh, Vietnam","volume":"2","author":"Duong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Poll. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib32","series-title":"Exposure Factors Handbook.(EPA\/600\/R-09\/052F)","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib33","series-title":"Radiological Protection Principles Concerning the Natural Radioactivity of Building Materials. Radiation Protection 112","year":"1999"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2008.02.014","article-title":"Assessment of radiological hazards due to the natural radioactivity in soil and building material samples collected from six districts of the Punjab province-Pakistan","volume":"43","author":"Faheem","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiat. Meas."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3390\/soilsystems10010010","article-title":"Content of radionuclides in soils of hydraulic development areas in Brazil","volume":"10","author":"Gomes","year":"2026","journal-title":"Soil Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.5026\/jgeography.118.408","article-title":"Geologic structure and geochemistry of Taiwanese mud volcanoes","volume":"118","author":"Hamada","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib37","first-page":"45","article-title":"Environmental assessment of natural radioactivity in soil samples from the LUSI mud volcano, Indonesia","volume":"2","author":"Hazama","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environment (Wash. D C)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0265-931X(96)89275-7","article-title":"Interpreting particle size effects in the adsorption of 137Cs and unsupported 210Pb by mineral soils and sediments","volume":"30","author":"He","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Environ. Radioact."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3390\/analytica6020020","article-title":"Spatial distribution and radiological risk assessment of natural radionuclides in soils from Zacatecas, Mexico","volume":"6","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Analytica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s703-002-8230-x","article-title":"Observed and projected climate change in Taiwan","volume":"79","author":"Hsu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Meteorol. Atmos. Phys."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib42","article-title":"Application of calcareous nannofossils from the Wandan Mud Volcano in hydrocarbon exploration","volume":"17","author":"Hung","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Implant."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2008.03.004","article-title":"Radioactivity measurements in soil samples collected in the Republic of Srpska","volume":"43","author":"Jankovi\u0107","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiat. Meas."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2025.163406","article-title":"Mechanistic insights into radium adsorption on montmorillonite: DFT and experimental studies","volume":"703","author":"Kang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0265-931X(99)00034-X","article-title":"Assessment of gamma dose rates around Istanbul (Turkey)","volume":"47","author":"Karahan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Environ. Radioact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128459","article-title":"Mechanism of elevated radioactivity in Teesta river basin from Bangladesh: radiochemical characterization, provenance and associated hazards","volume":"264","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2021.105117","article-title":"Adsorption of barium and radium on montmorillonite: a comparative experimental and modelling study","volume":"135","author":"Klinkenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2000RG000093","article-title":"Significance of mud volcanism","volume":"40","author":"Kopf","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseaes.2016.07.012","article-title":"S-wave velocity structure and site effect parameters derived from microtremor arrays in the Western Plain of Taiwan","volume":"128","author":"Kuo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Asian Earth Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.3390\/geosciences15090348","article-title":"Assessment of environmental radionuclides and controlling factors in volcanic soils of Andean Patagonia","volume":"15","author":"La Manna","year":"2025","journal-title":"Geosciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib51","series-title":"Aqueous Environmental Geochemistry","author":"Langmuir","year":"1997"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics12010095","article-title":"Geochemical distribution and environmental risks of radionuclides in soils and sediments runoff of a uranium mining area in south China","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib53","series-title":"Chaozhou. Zhonghe, New Taipei City, Taiwan","author":"Lin","year":"2011"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2009.06.002","article-title":"Geochemical characteristics of the fluids and muds from two southern Taiwan mud volcanoes: implications for water\u2013sediment interaction and groundwater arsenic enrichment","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gexplo.2013.01.006","article-title":"The geochemical characteristics of the mud liquids in the Wushanting and Hsiaokunshui Mud Volcano region in southern Taiwan: implications of humic substances for binding and mobilization of arsenic","volume":"128","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Geochem. Explor."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-011-1391-3","article-title":"Geochemical characteristics of the mud volcano fluids in southwestern Taiwan and their possible linkage to elevated arsenic concentration in Chianan plain groundwater","volume":"66","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Earth Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3906\/yer-1907-8","article-title":"Excess lifetime cancer risk due to natural radioactivity in G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane Province, NE Turkey","volume":"29","author":"Maden","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turk. J. Earth Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2017.03.001","article-title":"Mud volcanism: an updated review","volume":"168","author":"Mazzini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Earth Sci. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.12911\/22998993\/132544","article-title":"Concentrations of natural radionuclides (40K, 226Ra, 232Th) at the potash salts deposit","volume":"22","author":"Menshikova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Ecological Engineering"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2002GL016358","article-title":"Global gas flux from mud volcanoes: a significant source of fossil methane in the atmosphere and the ocean","volume":"30","author":"Milkov","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3824","DOI":"10.1007\/s11368-024-03881-z","article-title":"Variability of fallout radionuclides (FRNs) in river channels: implications for sediment tracing","volume":"24","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Arcos","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Soils Sediments"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics14050355","article-title":"Chemical and radiological characterization of Serbian peloids: implications for therapeutic safety","volume":"14","author":"Muti\u0107","year":"2026","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-025-04726-1","article-title":"Comprehensive global inventory of submarine mud volcanoes","volume":"12","author":"Napoli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2010.11.008","article-title":"Spatial distribution of natural and artificial radionuclides at the catchment scale (South Central Pyrenees)","volume":"46","author":"Navas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiat. Meas."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib65","series-title":"Exposure to Radiation from Natural Radioactivity in Building Materials","author":"Nea-Oecd","year":"1979"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1007\/s10967-026-10795-2","article-title":"Radioactivity levels in some commercial Mexican peloids","volume":"335","author":"Neyra-Su\u00e1rez","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.9734\/ajr2p\/2023\/v7i2136","article-title":"Effect of grain size on radionuclide content in sediment samples from Kolo Creek, Bayelsa State, Nigeria","volume":"7","author":"Onwuka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2021.106592","article-title":"Sorption behavior of cesium on silt and clay soil fractions","volume":"233","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Radioact."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s44378-025-00074-z","article-title":"Elevated natural radionuclides in soils and stream sediments: pollution, spatial distribution, radiological hazards, and cancer risks in peri-urban Emure-Ekiti, southwest Nigeria","volume":"2","author":"Popoola","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discover Soil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.2113\/0520317","article-title":"The behavior of U- and Th-series nuclides in groundwater","volume":"52","author":"Porcelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry - REV MINERAL GEOCHEM"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib71","first-page":"438","article-title":"Evaluation of excessive lifetime cancer risk due to natural radioactivity in the rivers sediments of Northern Pakistan","volume":"7","author":"Qureshi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib72","first-page":"29","article-title":"Evaluation of excess life time cancer risk from gamma dose rates in Jhelum valley","volume":"7","author":"Rafique","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2013.12.005","article-title":"Multivariate statistical analysis of radiological data of building materials used in Tiruvannamalai, Tamilnadu, India","volume":"85","author":"Ravisankar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Radiat. Isot."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.9734\/ajr2p\/2020\/v3i130111","article-title":"Evaluation of radiation hazard indices in mining sites of Nasarawa State, Nigeria","volume":"3","author":"Rilwan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157731","article-title":"Historical and projected changes in hydrological and sediment connectivity under climate change in a tropical catchment of Mexico","volume":"848","author":"Rodr\u00edguez Flores","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib76","series-title":"Physics and Modelling of Wind Erosion","author":"Shao","year":"2008"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.net.2019.12.009","article-title":"Distribution of natural radioactivity in soil and date palm-pits using high purity germanium radiation detectors and LB-alpha\/beta gas-flow counter in Saudi Arabia","volume":"52","author":"Shayeb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucl. Eng. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2006.06.118","article-title":"Distribution patterns of natural radioactivity and delineation of anomalous radioactive zones using in situ radiation observations in Southern Tamil Nadu, India","volume":"141","author":"Singh","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2004.09.003","article-title":"226Ra, 232Th and 40K analysis in soil samples from some areas of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh, India using gamma ray spectrometry","volume":"39","author":"Singh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiat. Meas."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2016.10.007","article-title":"Effects of grain size, mineralogy, and acid-extractable grain coatings on the distribution of the fallout radionuclides 7Be, 10Be, 137Cs, and 210Pb in river sediment","volume":"197","author":"Singleton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2023.110985","article-title":"Risk assessment of naturally occurring radioactivity in soil adjacent to a coal-fired brick kiln","volume":"209","author":"Siraz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiat. Phys. Chem."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.net.2023.04.045","article-title":"Assessment of radionuclides from coal-fired brick kilns on the outskirts of Dhaka city and the consequent hazards on human health and the environment","volume":"55","author":"Siraz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucl. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib83","series-title":"Environmental Soil Chemistry","author":"Sparks","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib84","series-title":"The Chemistry of Soils","author":"Sposito","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib85","series-title":"Aquatic Chemistry: Chemical Equilibria and Rates in Natural Waters","author":"Stumm","year":"1996"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseaes.2009.02.007","article-title":"Origins of Taiwan's mud volcanoes: evidence from geochemistry","volume":"37","author":"Sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Asian Earth Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib87","volume":"5","author":"Tamura","year":"1964"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.108830","article-title":"Soil salinization in agriculture: mitigation and adaptation strategies combining nature-based solutions and bioengineering","volume":"27","author":"Tarolli","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib89","series-title":"Petroleum Formation and Occurrence","author":"Tissot","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2021RG000763","article-title":"Health and safety effects of airborne soil dust in the americas and beyond","volume":"61","author":"Tong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1130\/0016-7606(1961)72[175:DOTEIS]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Distribution of the elements in some major units of the earth's crust","volume":"72","author":"Turekian","year":"1961","journal-title":"Geol. Soc. Am. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib92","article-title":"Natural radioelement concentration in the Troodos Ophiolite Complex of Cyprus","volume":"85","author":"Tzortzis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Geochem. Explor."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib93","volume":"vol. I","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib94","article-title":"Sources and effects of ionizing radiation","volume":"vol. I","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib95","series-title":"National Land Use Zoning Data Query System","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib96","first-page":"2","volume":"103","author":"Valentin","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173583","article-title":"Highly weathered mineral soils have highest transfer risk of radiocaesium contamination after a nuclear accident: a global soil-plant study","volume":"945","author":"Vanheukelom","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162372","article-title":"Quantitative clay mineralogy predicts radiocesium bioavailability to ryegrass grown on reconstituted soils","volume":"873","author":"Vanheukelom","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib99","first-page":"913","article-title":"Fractionation of radium-226, uranium-238 and thorium-232 in a sod-podzolic-gley soil and in ortsteins of its eluvial horizon","author":"Vershinin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eurasian Soil Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib100","series-title":"Investigation of Natural Radionuclides and Metal Characteristics in Mud Volcano Slurry and Adjacent Soils","author":"Wang","year":"2023"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2003.10.004","article-title":"Geochemistry of mud volcano fluids in the Taiwan accretionary prism","volume":"19","author":"You","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1007\/s10967-023-09346-w","article-title":"Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) concentration and health risk assessment of aerosols dust in Nicosia, North Cyprus","volume":"333","author":"Zakaly","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1007\/s11368-020-02568-5","article-title":"Comparative study on different sediment transport capacity based on dimensionless flow intensity index","volume":"20","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Soils Sediments"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841_bib104","author":"Zheng"}],"container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S026974912601211X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S026974912601211X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:41:16Z","timestamp":1791873676000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S026974912601211X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":103,"alternative-id":["S026974912601211X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-7491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-7491","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Particle-size control of radionuclide enrichment and environmental risk pathways in slurry from the Wandan mud volcano","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Pollution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.128841","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"128841"}}