{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T20:34:44Z","timestamp":1793219684830,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002842","name":"Chiang Mai University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002842","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:37:50Z","timestamp":1790177870000},"page":"129171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Vertical distribution and health risk assessment of SBTEX in urban microenvironments: A comparative study between parking and high-rise buildings areas during haze and non-haze periods"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"410","author":[{"given":"Rungruang","family":"Janta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0345-2320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wittaya","family":"Tala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surasak","family":"Sichum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. H. Sameera M.","family":"Dharmadasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10051136","article-title":"An insight into the growing concerns of styrene monomer and poly (styrene) fragment migration into food and drink simulants from poly (styrene) packaging","volume":"10","author":"Ajaj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib70","series-title":"Analysis of VOCs by thermal desorption analysis. EnviroMail\u2122, Issue 111","year":"2016"},{"issue":"12\u221214","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(99)00460-4","article-title":"Atmospheric chemistry of VOCs and NOx","volume":"34","author":"Atkinson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4605","DOI":"10.1021\/cr0206420","article-title":"Atmospheric degradation of volatile organic compounds","volume":"103","author":"Atkinson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chem. Rev. (Washington, DC, U. S.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib4","series-title":"Toxicological Profile for Benzene","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib5","series-title":"Toxicological Profile for Ethylbenzene","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.04.044","article-title":"BTEX in indoor air of beauty salons: risk assessment, levels and factors influencing their concentrations","volume":"159","author":"Baghani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3429","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(02)00302-3","article-title":"Mixing ratios of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere of Karachi, Pakistan","volume":"36","author":"Barletta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1002\/jgrd.50059","article-title":"Emission ratios of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds in northern mid-latitude megacities: observations versus emission inventories in Los Angeles and paris","volume":"118","author":"Borbon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos16020183","article-title":"Health risk assessment by exposure to BTEX ambient levels in the metropolitan area of monterrey during two climatic seasons","volume":"16","author":"Breton","year":"2025","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.127835","article-title":"Human health risk assessment for toxic elements in the extreme ambient dust conditions observed in Sistan, Iran","volume":"262","author":"Dahmardeh Behrooz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-50000-y","article-title":"New approach into human health risk assessment associated with heavy metals in surface water and groundwater using monte carlo method","volume":"14","author":"Eid","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2019.11.0574","article-title":"BTEX exposure assessment and inhalation health risks to traffic policemen in the Klang Valley region, Malaysia","volume":"20","author":"Fandi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aerosol Air Qual. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2869","DOI":"10.1021\/es970004c","article-title":"Toluene\u2212Benzene concentration ratio as a tool for characterizing the distance from vehicular emission sources","volume":"31","author":"Gelencs\u00e9r","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.03.026","article-title":"Vertical distribution of volatile organic compounds conducted by tethered balloon in the beijing-tianjin-hebei region of China","volume":"95","author":"Geng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109215","article-title":"Air pollutant dispersion around high-rise buildings due to roof emission","volume":"219","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/1205\/1\/012086","article-title":"Indoor level of BTEX and health risk assessment at science laboratories","volume":"1205","author":"Hamid","year":"2023","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"1\u22123","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2003.10.004","article-title":"Seasonal and diurnal variations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere of Hong Kong","volume":"322","author":"Ho","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1039\/b608062f","article-title":"An observational case study of ozone and precursors inflow to South East England during an anticyclone","volume":"8","author":"Hopkins","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Environ. Monit."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2007.08.036","article-title":"Spatial and temporal variation of BTEX in the urban atmosphere of Delhi, India","volume":"392","author":"Hoque","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239458","article-title":"Emission fluxes of styrene monomers and other chemicals for products containing expanded polystyrene beads","volume":"15","author":"Iizuka","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"36\u201337","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5645","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(02)00703-3","article-title":"Vertical variability of volatile organic compound (VOC) levels in ambient air of high-rise apartment buildings with and without occurrence of surface inversion","volume":"36","author":"Jo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10090520","article-title":"Human health risks and air quality changes following restrictions for the control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand","volume":"10","author":"Kaewrat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.35762\/AER.2014.36.2.3","article-title":"Exposure to BTEX and assessment of the potential risk among pregnant residents living in the vicinity of a petro-chemical industrial estate","volume":"36","author":"Keadthongthawee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2006.08.051","article-title":"Ambient levels of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of greater Cairo","volume":"41","author":"Khoder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2011.02.022","article-title":"Analysis of meteorology and emission in haze episode prevalence over mountain-bounded regions for early warning","volume":"409","author":"Kim Oanh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1006\/eesa.1996.0095","article-title":"Evaluation of the hazard quotient method for risk assessment of Selenium","volume":"35","author":"Lemly","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.3155\/1047-3289.61.7.714","article-title":"Vertical and diurnal characterization of volatile organic compounds in ambient air in urban areas","volume":"61","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib32","first-page":"206","article-title":"Human health risks posed by exposure to PM10 for four life stages in a low socio-economic community in South Africa. Pan Afr","volume":"18","author":"Lina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2013.02.050","article-title":"Aircraft measurements of BTEX compounds around Beijing city","volume":"73","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-25-625-2025","article-title":"Measurement report: exploring the variations in ambient BTEX in urban Europe and their environmental health implications","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib35","article-title":"Combined effects of benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, and styrene exposure on hearing loss mediated by oxidative stress at realistic low levels","volume":"363","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.02.027","article-title":"Source apportionment of ambient volatile organic compounds in the Pearl River Delta, China: part II","volume":"42","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"72","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib37","first-page":"1","article-title":"A theoretical study on toluene oxidization by OH radical","volume":"18","author":"Mao","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib38","article-title":"A comparative study of the oxidation of toluene and the three isomers of xylene","volume":"257","author":"Meziane","year":"2023","journal-title":"Combust. Flame"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(00)00274-0","article-title":"Monoaromatic compounds in ambient air of various cities: a focus on correlations between the xylenes and ethylbenzene","volume":"35","author":"Monod","year":"2001","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib42","first-page":"1167","article-title":"A review of environmental and occupational exposure to xylene and its health concerns","volume":"14","author":"Niaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"EXCLI J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2017.05.042","article-title":"Sample integrity evaluation and EPA method 325B interlaboratory comparison for select volatile organic compounds collected diffusively on carbopack X sorbent tubes","volume":"163","author":"Oliver","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3273","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-3273-2012","article-title":"Primary and secondary sources of formaldehyde in urban atmospheres: houston Texas region","volume":"12","author":"Parrish","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.09.039","article-title":"Air quality progress in North American megacities: a review","volume":"45","author":"Parrish","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.230030","article-title":"Sources of PM2.5 oxidative potential during haze and non-haze seasons in Chiang Mai, Thailand","volume":"23","author":"Ponsawansong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aerosol Air Qual. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2019.09.002","article-title":"Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks from PM10-and PM2.5-bound metals in a critically polluted coal mining area","volume":"10","author":"Roy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.12.090","article-title":"Vertical variation of PM2.5 mass and chemical composition, particle size distribution, NO2, and BTEX at a high rise building","volume":"235","author":"Sajani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib51","series-title":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: from Air Pollution to Climate Change","author":"Seinfeld","year":"2016"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02918","article-title":"Analysis of benzene air quality standards, monitoring methods and concentrations in indoor and outdoor environment","volume":"5","author":"Sekar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/s41612-022-00283-1","article-title":"Aerosol-boundary layer interaction modulated entrainment process","volume":"5","author":"Su","year":"2022","journal-title":"npj Clim. Atmos. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e14261","article-title":"Airborne particulate matter from biomass burning in Thailand: recent issues, challenges, and options","volume":"9","author":"Suriyawong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.122968","article-title":"Environmental distribution of styrene oligomers (SOs) coupled with their source characteristics: tracing the origin of SOs in the environment","volume":"398","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2007.08.035","article-title":"The vertical distributions of VOCs in the atmosphere of Beijing in autumn","volume":"390","author":"Ting","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib59","first-page":"117","article-title":"Occupational exposure of gasoline station workers to BTEX compounds in Bangkok, Thailand","volume":"3","author":"Tunsaringkarn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib60","series-title":"Compendium Method TO-17: Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air Using Active Sampling onto Sorbent Tubes","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib61","series-title":"Toxicological Review of Xylenes: in Support of Summary Information Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib62","series-title":"Toxicological Review of Toluene: in Support of Summary Information Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib63","series-title":"Exposure Factors Handbook 2011 Edition: Final Report","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib64","series-title":"Method 325B: Volatile Organic Compounds from Fugitive and Area Sources: Sampler Preparation and Analysis","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2006JD007930","article-title":"Determination of urban volatile organic compound emission ratios and comparison with an emissions database","volume":"112","author":"Warneke","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/s41612-024-00598-1","article-title":"One-third of global population at cancer risk due to elevated volatile organic compounds levels","volume":"7","author":"Xiong","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Clim. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148748","article-title":"Risk assessment and management of PM2.5-bound heavy metals in the urban area of Kitakyushu, Japan","volume":"795","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."}],"container-title":["Environmental Pollution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749126015411?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0269749126015411?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T20:00:04Z","timestamp":1793217604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0269749126015411"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["S0269749126015411"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-7491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-7491","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Vertical distribution and health risk assessment of SBTEX in urban microenvironments: A comparative study between parking and high-rise buildings areas during haze and non-haze periods","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Pollution","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2026.129171","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"129171"}}