{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T19:20:02Z","timestamp":1784056802802,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]],"date-time":"2008-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1220227200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,28]],"date-time":"2008-07-28T15:41:05Z","timestamp":1217259665000},"page":"69-79","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Maternal nutritional status during pregnancy and surma use determine cord lead levels in Karachi, Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Naveed Zafar","family":"Janjua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Delzell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney R.","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sreelatha","family":"Meleth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edmond K.","family":"Kabagambe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibylle","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nalini","family":"Sathiakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib1","unstructured":"Anon, 2002. Progress in Phasing Out Lead in Gasoline UNEP\/GC.22\/INF\/23. United Nations Environment Programme. Nairobi, Kenya."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib2","unstructured":"Anon, 2006a. Economic Survey of Pakistan 2005\u201306. Ministry of Finance, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib3","unstructured":"Anon, 2006b. Pharma Guide of Pakistan. Pharma Guide Publishers, Lahore."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib4","unstructured":"Anon, 2007. Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2006\u201307\u2014Preliminary Report. National Institute of Population Studies (NIPS) and Macro International, Islamabad."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2003.08.011","article-title":"Assessment of strontium and calcium levels in Pakistani diet","volume":"73","author":"Akhter","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Environ. Radioact."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2003.05.001","article-title":"Kohl (surma): a toxic traditional eye cosmetic study in Saudi Arabia","volume":"118","author":"Al-Ashban","year":"2004","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"6142","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6142.915","article-title":"Surma and lead poisoning","volume":"2","author":"Ali","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1179\/oeh.1999.5.2.107","article-title":"Determinants of blood lead levels in Saudi Arabian schoolgirls","volume":"5","author":"Al-Saleh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1987.tb136265.x","article-title":"Determinants of blood lead concentrations of pregnant women living in Port Pirie and surrounding areas","volume":"146","author":"Baghurst","year":"1987","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199503000-00003","article-title":"Exposure to environmental lead and visual-motor integration at age 7 years: the Port Pirie Cohort Study","volume":"6","author":"Baghurst","year":"1995","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197702032960507","article-title":"Lead poisoning in children of lead workers: home contamination with industrial dust","volume":"296","author":"Baker","year":"1977","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)00756-8","article-title":"Uptake of lead and iron by divalent metal transporter 1 in yeast and mammalian cells","volume":"295","author":"Bannon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib13","first-page":"339","article-title":"Lead concentrations in human tissues","volume":"27","author":"Barry","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br. J. Ind. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib14","first-page":"536","article-title":"Effects of iron on the absorption and retention of lead","volume":"92","author":"Barton","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(99)00053-7","article-title":"Effect modification in epidemiologic studies of low-level neurotoxicant exposures and health outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Bellinger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib16","unstructured":"Birch, D., 2006. City Bans Eye Makeup after Lead Found in Tots. Baltimore Sun, Baltimore, September 9, 2006."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.011091079","article-title":"Iron deficiency associated with higher blood lead in children living in contaminated environments","volume":"109","author":"Bradman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.57.8.535","article-title":"Determinants of bone and blood lead concentrations in the early postpartum period","volume":"57","author":"Brown","year":"2000","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009415","article-title":"Relation of nutrition to bone lead and blood lead levels in middle-aged to elderly men. The Normative Aging Study","volume":"147","author":"Cheng","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.9.791","article-title":"Association between blood lead concentrations and body iron status in children","volume":"88","author":"Choi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109527","article-title":"Interrelations of lead levels in bone, venous blood, and umbilical cord blood with exogenous lead exposure through maternal plasma lead in peripartum women","volume":"109","author":"Chuang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib22","first-page":"301","article-title":"Lead exposure and the motor developmental status of urban six-year-old children in the Cincinnati Prospective Study","volume":"91","author":"Dietrich","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(01)00184-2","article-title":"Early exposure to lead and juvenile delinquency","volume":"23","author":"Dietrich","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90192-9","article-title":"Measures of socioeconomic status for child health research: comparative results from Bangladesh and Pakistan","volume":"38","author":"Durkin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0890-6238(92)90017-N","article-title":"A critical review of low-level prenatal lead exposure in the human: 1. Effects on the fetus and newborn","volume":"6","author":"Ernhart","year":"1992","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2006.12.007","article-title":"Dietary calcium supplementation to lower blood lead levels in pregnancy and lactation","volume":"18","author":"Ettinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(05)80098-2","article-title":"Intestinal calcium and lead absorption: effects of dietary lead and calcium","volume":"54","author":"Fullmer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.5.856","article-title":"Decrease in birth weight in relation to maternal bone-lead burden","volume":"100","author":"Gonzalez-Cossio","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.908995","article-title":"Determinants of elevated blood lead during pregnancy in a population surrounding a lead smelter in Kosovo, Yugoslavia","volume":"89","author":"Graziano","year":"1990","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.02110563","article-title":"Economic gains resulting from the reduction in children's exposure to lead in the United States","volume":"110","author":"Grosse","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(97)90058-5","article-title":"Pregnancy increases mobilization of lead from maternal skeleton","volume":"130","author":"Gulson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(99)90104-X","article-title":"Estimation of cumulative lead releases (lead flux) from the maternal skeleton during pregnancy and lactation","volume":"134","author":"Gulson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6548","article-title":"Blood lead changes during pregnancy and postpartum with calcium supplementation","volume":"112","author":"Gulson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.26.3.296","article-title":"Blood lead (Pb) levels: a potential environmental mechanism explaining the relation between socioeconomic status and cardiovascular reactivity in children","volume":"26","author":"Gump","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib35","series-title":"Socioeconomic Differences in Health, Nutrition, and Population in India","author":"Gwatkin","year":"2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(95)00097-6","article-title":"Relationship between blood lead and dietary iron intake in preschool children. A cross-sectional study","volume":"6","author":"Hammad","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(97)00156-6","article-title":"Composition of eye cosmetics (kohls) used in Oman","volume":"60","author":"Hardy","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.1997.3756","article-title":"Higher milk intake during pregnancy is associated with lower maternal and umbilical cord lead levels in postpartum women","volume":"74","author":"Hernandez-Avila","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1080\/00039890209601441","article-title":"Effect of maternal bone lead on length and head circumference of newborns and 1-month-old infants","volume":"57","author":"Hernandez-Avila","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/152.9.829","article-title":"Patterns and determinants of blood lead during pregnancy","volume":"152","author":"Hertz-Picciotto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib41","series-title":"The Revised International Standard Classification of Occupation","author":"Hoffmann","year":"1993"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(02)00641-4","article-title":"Calcium supplements and bone resorption in pregnancy: a randomized crossover trial","volume":"24","author":"Janakiraman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib43","first-page":"152","article-title":"High calcium intake blunts pregnancy-induced increases in maternal blood lead","volume":"59","author":"Johnson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kadir, M.M., Janjua, N.Z., Kristensen, S., Fatmi, Z., Sathiakumar, N., 2007. Status of children's blood lead levels in Pakistan: Implications for research and policy. Public Health.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2007.08.012"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2006.03.003","article-title":"Specific factors for prenatal lead exposure in the border area of China","volume":"209","author":"Kawata","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.120513","article-title":"Environmental lead exposure during early childhood","volume":"140","author":"Lanphear","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7688","article-title":"Low-level environmental lead exposure and children's intellectual function: an international pooled analysis","volume":"113","author":"Lanphear","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg014","article-title":"Lead neurotoxicity in children: basic mechanisms and clinical correlates","volume":"126","author":"Lidsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.26719\/2004.10.6.801","article-title":"Maternal anaemia and its impact on perinatal outcome in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan","volume":"10","author":"Lone","year":"2004","journal-title":"East Mediterr. Health J."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.02110s2221","article-title":"Lead sources, behaviors, and socioeconomic factors in relation to blood lead of native American and white children: a community-based assessment of a former mining area","volume":"110","author":"Malcoe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2005.08.001","article-title":"Reductions in blood lead levels among school children following the introduction of unleaded petrol in South Africa","volume":"100","author":"Mathee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E10","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.3.e10","article-title":"Low-level lead exposure and behavior in early childhood","volume":"101","author":"Mendelsohn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1039\/an9871201701","article-title":"Determination of lead in blood using electrothermal atomisation atomic absorption spectrometry with a L\u2019vov platform and matrix modifier","volume":"112","author":"Miller","year":"1987","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)80528-2","article-title":"Low-level lead exposure, blood pressure, and calcium metabolism","volume":"15","author":"Morris","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197903293001301","article-title":"Deficits in psychologic and classroom performance of children with elevated dentine lead levels","volume":"300","author":"Needleman","year":"1979","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.2307\/3431304","article-title":"Kohl: a lead-hazardous eye makeup from the Third World to the First World","volume":"94","author":"Parry","year":"1991","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.6.1997S","article-title":"Pregnancy and lactation: physiological adjustments, nutritional requirements and the role of dietary supplements","volume":"133","author":"Picciano","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib58","first-page":"700","article-title":"Effects of iron deficiency on the absorption and distribution of lead and cadmium in rats","volume":"90","author":"Ragan","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib59","first-page":"769","article-title":"Factors associated with elevated blood lead concentrations in children in Karachi, Pakistan","volume":"80","author":"Rahbar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617704102154","article-title":"Early exposure to lead and neuropsychological outcome in adolescence","volume":"10","author":"Ris","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2378","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.9.2378","article-title":"Iron and\/or zinc supplementation did not reduce blood lead concentrations in children in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"136","author":"Rosado","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/00039899909602253","article-title":"Maternal blood lead level during pregnancy in South Central Los Angeles","volume":"54","author":"Rothenberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.5592","article-title":"Maternal blood lead concentration, diet during pregnancy, and anthropometry predict neonatal blood lead in a socioeconomically disadvantaged population","volume":"111","author":"Schell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70338-0","article-title":"No difference in iron status between children with low and moderate lead exposure","volume":"135","author":"Serwint","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2004.09.018","article-title":"Diet and eating habits in high and low socioeconomic groups","volume":"21","author":"Shahar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib66","first-page":"38","article-title":"Umbilical cord blood lead levels in Shanghai, China","volume":"10","author":"Shen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biomed. Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.1998.3851","article-title":"Low-level prenatal lead exposure and neurobehavioral development of children in the first year of life: a prospective study in Shanghai","volume":"79","author":"Shen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib68","first-page":"358","article-title":"Leaded eye cosmetics: a cultural cause of elevated lead levels in children","volume":"40","author":"Sprinkle","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Fam. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib69","series-title":"Guidelines for the Use of Iron Supplements to Prevent and Treat Iron Deficiency Anemia","author":"Stoltzfus","year":"1998"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e421","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030421","article-title":"Indigenous health and socioeconomic status in India","volume":"3","author":"Subramanian","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19670045","article-title":"Changes in skinfolds during pregnancy","volume":"21","author":"Taggart","year":"1967","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh271","article-title":"Impact of bone lead and bone resorption on plasma and whole blood lead levels during pregnancy","volume":"160","author":"Tellez-Rojo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.1998.00187.x","article-title":"Lead exposure and cognitive development: persistence and a dynamic pattern","volume":"34","author":"Tong","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.22.1915","article-title":"Declining blood lead levels and changes in cognitive function during childhood: the Port Pirie Cohort Study","volume":"280","author":"Tong","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1080\/00039890009604025","article-title":"Interactions between environmental lead exposure and sociodemographic factors on cognitive development","volume":"55","author":"Tong","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.mpd0344","article-title":"Association between iron deficiency and blood lead level in a longitudinal analysis of children followed in an urban primary care clinic","volume":"142","author":"Wright","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.043562","article-title":"Causes of lead toxicity in a Nigerian city","volume":"90","author":"Wright","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child"}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935108001333?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935108001333?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T10:17:29Z","timestamp":1684491449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935108001333"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0013935108001333"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]}}}