{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T02:30:21Z","timestamp":1776825021860,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,9]],"date-time":"2010-01-09T09:17:07Z","timestamp":1263028627000},"page":"152-161","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Heat waves observed in 2007 in Athens, Greece: Synoptic conditions, bioclimatological assessment, air quality levels and health effects"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"George","family":"Theoharatos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Pantavou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasios","family":"Mavrakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Spanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Katavoutas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panos","family":"Efstathiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Periklis","family":"Mpekas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimosthenis","family":"Asimakopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib1","unstructured":"ARL, 2008, HYSPLIT\u2014Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model. Website \u3008http:\/\/ready.arl.noaa.gov\/HYSPLIT.php\u3009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib2","unstructured":"Balafoutis, C., Makrogiannis, T., 2001. Analysis of a heat wave phenomenon over Greece and it\u2019s implications for tourism and recreation. In: Matzarakis, A. and de Freitas, C.R. (Eds), Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Climate, Tourism and Recreation. Report of a Workshop, Halkidiki, Greece, pp. 113\u2013121."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxf007","article-title":"Relation between elevated ambient temperature and mortality: a review of the epidemiologic evidence","volume":"24","author":"Basu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib4","unstructured":"Blazejczyk, K., 2001. Assessment of recreational potential of bioclimate based on the human heat balance. In: Matzarakis, A. and de Freitas, C.R., (Eds), Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Climate, Tourism and Recreation. Report of a Workshop, Halkidiki, Greece, pp. 133-152."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00703-006-0190-y","article-title":"The role of the subtropical jet stream during heat wave events over north-central Greece","volume":"94","author":"Brikas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Meteorol. Atmos. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib37","unstructured":"Directory of Air and Noise Pollution Control, Ministry of Environment, Planning and Public works, 2007. Atmospheric Pollution Association of Athens-Air quality data report. Technical Report, Athens, Greece."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2005.08.008","article-title":"The relationship between extreme heat and ambulance response calls for the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada","volume":"101","author":"Dolney","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib7","unstructured":"Draxler R.R., Rolph, G.D., 2003. \u2018HYSPLIT \u2013 (Hybrid, Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory): Model access via NOAA ARL READY\u2019 \u3008http:\/\/www.arl.noaa.gov\/ready\/hysplit4.html\u3009. NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib8","unstructured":"Earth System Research Laboratory, 2008. NCEP\/NCAR Reanalysis 1. Website \u3008http:\/\/www.esrl.noaa.gov\/psd\/data\/gridded\/data.ncep.reanalysis.html\u3009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fouillet, A., Rey., G.; Laurent, F., et al., 2006. Excess mortality related to the August 2003 heat wave in France. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health. 80, 16-24.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-006-0089-4"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib11","unstructured":"ESYE, 2001 General Secretariat of the National Statistical Service of Greece, 2001. General census. Website \u3008http:\/\/www.statistics.gr\/portal\/page\/ portal\/ESYE\/ BUCKET\/\u3009 A1604\/Other\/A1604_SAP02_TB_DC_00_2001_01_F_GR.pdf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2009.03.013","article-title":"The exceptionally hot summer of 2007 in Athens, Greece\u2014a typical summer in the future climate?","volume":"67","author":"Founda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Global Planet. Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.3354\/cr019193","article-title":"Observed coherent changes in climatic extremes during the second half of the twentieth century","volume":"19","author":"Frich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clim. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib14","series-title":"Climate Change and Risk","first-page":"279","article-title":"Heatwaves in a changing climate","author":"Gawith","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.3370100507","article-title":"The Greek Heat Waves of 1987 and 1988","volume":"10","author":"Giles","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01093455","article-title":"Too hot for comfort: the heat waves in Greece in 1987 and 1988","volume":"34","author":"Giles","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int. J. Biometeorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.56.5.367","article-title":"Impact of hot temperatures on death in London: a time series approach","volume":"56","author":"Hajat","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The NCEP\/NCAR reanalysis 40-year project","volume":"77","author":"Kalnay","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib19","series-title":"Climate Change and Extreme Events: Altered Risk, Socio-Economic Impacts and Policy. Oxford and Amsterdam: Environmental change unit","first-page":"139","article-title":"Heatwaves in a changing climate","author":"Karacostas","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib20","series-title":"Climate Change and Extreme Events","article-title":"Heat Waves in a changing climate, 53\u201360","author":"Karakostas","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(98)00167-3","article-title":"Spatial and temporal characteristics of the relationship between air quality status and mesoscale atmospheric circulation over an urban Mediterranean basin","volume":"217","author":"Kassomenos","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109591","article-title":"Atmospheric circulation types and daily mortality in Athens, Greece","volume":"109","author":"Kassomenos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Health. Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3671","DOI":"10.1016\/1352-2310(94)00358-R","article-title":"Analysis of climatological and air quality observations from the greater Athens area","volume":"29B","author":"Kassomenos","year":"1995","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1993.9940365","article-title":"Evidence for the interaction between air pollution and high temperature in the causation of excess mortality","volume":"48","author":"Katsouyanni","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Health."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7095.1658","article-title":"Short-term effects of ambient sulphur dioxide and particulate matter on mortality in 12 European cities: results from time series data from the APHEA project","volume":"314","author":"Katsouyanni","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)92699-2","article-title":"The 1987 Athens heat wave [Letter]","volume":"2","author":"Katsouyanni","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.720","article-title":"Temporal fluctuation in heat waves at Prague-Klementinum, the Czech Republic, from 1901\u201397, and their relationships to atmospheric circulation","volume":"22","author":"Kysel\u00fd","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-004-0218-2","article-title":"Mortality and displaced mortality during heat waves in the Czech Republic","volume":"49","author":"Kysely`","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Biometeorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3354\/cr021091","article-title":"Effects of the thermal environment on human health: an investigation of 30 years of daily mortality data from SW Germany","volume":"21","author":"Laschewski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clim. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib30","first-page":"85","article-title":"Evaluation of the air quality of Szeged with some assessment methods","volume":"36-37","author":"Makra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Climatol. Univ. Szegediensis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib31","unstructured":"Makrogiannis, T., Balafoutis, Ch., Pytharoulis, I., 2008. The Heat Waves over Balkans as an indicator of the climate change: a case study on August 2006. In: Maheras, P., Zanis, P., Anagnostopoulou, C., et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 9th Conference of Meteorology, Climatology and Atmospheric Physics. Thessaloniki, Greece, pp. 417\u2013423."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0957-1272(91)90055-J","article-title":"The extreme heat wave in Athens July 1987 from the point of view of human biometeorology","volume":"25B","author":"Matzarakis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s004840050051","article-title":"Heat stress in Greece","volume":"41","author":"Matzarakis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Biometeorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477(2000)081<0413:AITTIE>2.3.CO;2","article-title":"An introduction to trends in extreme weather and climate events: observations, socioeconomic impacts, terrestrial ecological impacts, and model projections","volume":"81","author":"Meehl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1098704","article-title":"More intense, more frequent, and longer lasting heat waves in the 21st century","volume":"305","author":"Meehl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib36","first-page":"107","article-title":"Heat waves from a synoptic point of view","volume":"2\u20133","author":"Metaxas","year":"1980","journal-title":"Riv. Meteorol. Aeronaut. JL"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2005.05.031","article-title":"Thermal comfort in outdoor urban spaces: analysis across different European countries","volume":"41","author":"Nikolopoulou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib39","unstructured":"NTUA, 2008. METEONET. Website \u3008http:\/\/meteonet.chi.civil.ntua.gr\/gr\/divs.html\u3009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib40","unstructured":"Pakalidou, N.; Karacostas T., 2004. Heat wave in Thessaloniki, during the last 44 years. In: Silas, Chr., Michaelides, Dr. (Eds,), Proceedings of the 7th Panhellenic (International) Conference of Meteorology, Climatology and Atmospheric Physics. pp. 744\u2013751."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib41","first-page":"91","article-title":"Relation between air pollution episodes and discomfort index","volume":"1","author":"Paliatsos","year":"1999","journal-title":"Global Nest: Int. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-008-0170-7","article-title":"Evaluation of thermal discomfort in Athens territory and its effect on the daily number of recorded patients at hospitals\u2019 emergency rooms","volume":"52","author":"Pantavou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Biometeorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s007040050092","article-title":"Climate variability and urbanization in Athens","volume":"63","author":"Philandras","year":"1999","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Climatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01026115","article-title":"A contribution to the study of the extreme heat wave over the South Balkans in July 1987","volume":"41","author":"Prezerakos","year":"1989","journal-title":"Meteorol. Atmos. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib45","unstructured":"Rolph, G.D., 2003. Real-time Environmental Applications and Display sYstem (READY). Website \u3008http:\/\/www.arl.noaa.gov\/ready\/hysplit4.html\u3009 NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-199806000-00003","article-title":"Towards a broader definition of heat-related death: comparison of mortality estimates from total death differentials during the July 1995 heat wave in Chicago, Illinois","volume":"19","author":"Shen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib47","unstructured":"University of Wyoming, 2008, Upper Air Data. Website \u3008http:\/\/weather.uwyo.edu\/upperair\u3009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib48","unstructured":"USNO, 2008. Sun or moon altitude table. Website \u3008http:\/\/aa.usno.navy.mil\/data\/docs\/AltAz\u3009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002_bib49","unstructured":"World Health Organization, 2004. Heatwaves: risks and responses. CCASHh Project report, October 2003."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935109002217?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935109002217?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,14]],"date-time":"2018-12-14T03:54:59Z","timestamp":1544759699000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935109002217"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0013935109002217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2009.12.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]}}}