{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:04:26Z","timestamp":1790222666132,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,24]],"date-time":"2015-12-24T15:52:32Z","timestamp":1450972352000},"page":"85-91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":131,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Fine particulate air pollution and systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease in two Canadian provinces"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Sasha","family":"Bernatsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Smargiassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Barnabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence W.","family":"Svenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Brand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall V.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann E.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul R.","family":"Fortin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"van Donkelaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Edworthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"B\u00e9lisle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100482","article-title":"Healthcare cost and loss of productivity in a Canadian population of patients with and without lupus nephritis","volume":"38","author":"Aghdassi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-011-0203-1","article-title":"Clearing the air: a review of the effects of particulate matter air pollution on human health","volume":"8","author":"Anderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib3","unstructured":"Alberta Health and Wellness, 2004. First Nations Health Services Study Technical Documentation. \u3008www.health.alberta.ca\/documents\/First-Nation-Service-Use-2004.pdf\u3009\u00a0(cited 2014 Jan. 4)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib4","unstructured":"Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group, 2014. \u3008http:\/\/fizz.phys.dal.ca\/~atmos\/martin\/?page_id=140\u3009 (cited 2014 Jan. 4)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24086","article-title":"The cost of systemic sclerosis","volume":"61","author":"Bernatsky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-009-8168-4","article-title":"Epigenetics lessons from twins: prospects for autoimmune disease","volume":"39","author":"Ballestar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002123","article-title":"Associations between ambient fine particulate levels and disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)","volume":"119","author":"Bernatsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib8","first-page":"S26","article-title":"Industrial air emissions are associated with anti-CCP antibodies","volume":"42","author":"Bernatsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.130667","article-title":"Systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease prevalence in Canada: updated analyses across 7 provinces","volume":"41","author":"Broten","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2007.01991.x","article-title":"Bayesian change-point analyses in ecology","volume":"174","author":"Beckage","year":"2007","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20656","article-title":"Prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis in the First Nations population of Alberta, Canada","volume":"64","author":"Barnabe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res. (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.05.007","article-title":"Fine particulate air pollution and systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease in Alberta is not an abstract","volume":"140","author":"Bernatsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Inform. Env. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.101149","article-title":"The accuracy of administrative data diagnoses of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases","volume":"38","author":"Bernatsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel155","article-title":"Direct healthcare costs and predictors of costs in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome","volume":"46","author":"Callaghan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S659","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107s5659","article-title":"Linking environmental agents and autoimmune diseases","volume":"107","author":"Cooper","year":"1999","journal-title":"Env. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S1568-9972(03)00006-5","article-title":"The epidemiology of autoimmune diseases","volume":"2","author":"Cooper","year":"2003","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205958","article-title":"Risk of incident diabetes in relation to long-term exposure to fine particulate matter in Ontario, Canada","volume":"121","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2014.03.004","article-title":"Metal composition of fine particulate air pollution and acute changes in cardiorespiratory physiology","volume":"189","author":"Cakmak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R61","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4498","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Di","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib20","unstructured":"Exposure Assessment in Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, 2003. Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2011.30","article-title":"Non-HLA genes modulate the risk of rheumatoid arthritis associated with HLA-DRB1 in a susceptible North American Native population","volume":"12","author":"El-Gabalawy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.06.008","article-title":"Air pollution in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a review","volume":"11","author":"Farhat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0800503","article-title":"Exposure to traffic pollution and increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"117","author":"Hart","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201587","article-title":"Ambient air pollution exposures and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Swedish EIRA case-control study","volume":"72","author":"Hart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21975","article-title":"Ambient air pollution exposures and risk of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"65","author":"Hart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res. (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-6-87","article-title":"Alveolar macrophage-epithelial cell interaction following exposure to atmospheric particles induces the release of mediators involved in monocyte mobilization and recruitment","volume":"6","author":"Ishii","year":"2005","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"issue":"63","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib27","article-title":"Association of particulate air pollution exposure with anti-citrullinated protein antibody elevation in rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"10","author":"Kunkel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib28","first-page":"S11","article-title":"Road density and SARD prevalence","volume":"37","author":"Labrecque","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138751","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/138751","article-title":"Proinflammatory effects of diesel exhaust nanoparticles on scleroderma skin cells","volume":"2014","author":"Mastrofrancesco","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib30","unstructured":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 et des Services Sociaux, 2014. Estimations de population. \u3008http:\/\/www.informa.msss.gouv.qc.ca\/Listes.aspx?Name=y9M4IcKgjFYapz02jKwkUg==&Key=hhKpcdsNkJS+eg2gWNwm7A==&OrderByClause=8jnVPckjxX8dPG+Ajs\/DlA==&idDimension=PGShVhdHJuA=\u3009 (cited 2014 Jan. 6)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2711","article-title":"Bayesian sensitivity analysis for unmeasured confounding in observational studies","volume":"26","author":"McCandless","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201141856","article-title":"Chronic smoke exposure induces rheumatoid factor and anti-heat shock protein 70 autoantibodies in susceptible mice and humans with lung disease","volume":"42","author":"Newkirk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22470","article-title":"The systemic lupus erythematosus Tri-Nation study: cumulative indirect costs","volume":"57","author":"Panopalis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2005.06.012","article-title":"Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage by particulate air pollution","volume":"592","author":"Risom","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"J168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2009.11.018","article-title":"Defining and analyzing geoepidemiology and human autoimmunity","volume":"34","author":"Shapira","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib36","unstructured":"Statistics Canada, 2012. Dissemination area (DA) (2014a). \u3008http:\/\/www.12.statcan.gc.ca\/census-recensement\/2011\/ref\/dict\/geo021-eng.cfm\u3009 (cited 2014 Jan. 6)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib37","unstructured":"Statistics Canada, 2014. Census homepage. \u3008http:\/\/www.12.statcan.gc.ca\/census-recensement\/index-eng.cfm\u3009 (cited 2014 Jan. 6)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1080\/10590500802494538","article-title":"Airborne particulate matter and human health: toxicological assessment and importance of size and composition of particles for oxidative damage and carcinogenic mechanisms","volume":"26","author":"Valavanidis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health C Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxicol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2013.03.002","article-title":"Oxidative DNA damage and inflammatory responses in cultured human cells and in humans exposed to traffic-related particles","volume":"217","author":"Vattanasit","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2010.062521","article-title":"Associations between sociodemographic characteristics, cigarette smoking, obesity, and remote sensing derived estimates of ambient PM2.5: results from a Canadian population-based survey","volume":"68","author":"Villeneuve","year":"2011","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.5.2010160","article-title":"Cytokines involved in the systemic inflammatory response induced by exposure to particulate matter air pollutants (PM(10))","volume":"164","author":"van Eeden","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901623","article-title":"Global estimates of ambient fine particulate matter concentrations from satellite-based aerosol optical depth: development and application","volume":"118","author":"van Donkelaar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib44","unstructured":"Wood,\u00a0J., 2012. Canadian Environmental Indicators-Air Quality. Fraser Institute: Studies in Environmental Policy ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021_bib45","unstructured":"World Health Organization, 2015. Ambient (outdoor) air pollution in cities database 2014.\u00a0\u3008http:\/\/www.who.int\/phe\/health_topics\/outdoorair\/databases\/cities\/en\/\u3009 (accessed 31.10.15)."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935115301833?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935115301833?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,16]],"date-time":"2018-09-16T11:57:31Z","timestamp":1537099051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935115301833"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0013935115301833"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fine particulate air pollution and systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease in two Canadian provinces","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2015.12.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}