{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T06:59:59Z","timestamp":1788591599878,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30ES023513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30ES023513"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01ES015359"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES015359"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21ES028131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21ES028131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01ES011269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01ES011269"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R835432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R835432"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R833292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R833292"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["829388"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["829388"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]],"date-time":"2020-04-14T19:27:17Z","timestamp":1586892437000},"page":"109514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Modeled prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in association with child autism spectrum disorder: A case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"186","author":[{"given":"Hyeong-Moo","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah H.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia M.","family":"Calafat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Tancredi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irva","family":"Hertz-Picciotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2012.01.007","article-title":"Effect of suboptimal breast-feeding on occurrence of autism: a case-control study","volume":"28","author":"Al-Farsi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib4","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2017.0425","article-title":"Maternal thyroid function in early pregnancy and child neurodevelopmental disorders: a Danish nationwide case-cohort study","volume":"28","author":"Andersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10334","article-title":"Cord serum concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in relation to weight and size at birth","volume":"115","author":"Apelberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901252","article-title":"Rate of decline in serum PFOA concentrations after granular activated carbon filtration at two public water systems in Ohio and West Virginia","volume":"118","author":"Bartell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2016.238","article-title":"Association between breastfeeding duration and cognitive development, autistic traits and ADHD symptoms: a multicenter study in Spain","volume":"81","author":"Boucher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307261","article-title":"Gestational exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and reciprocal social, repetitive, and stereotypic behaviors in 4-and 5-year-old children: the HOME study","volume":"122","author":"Braun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP984","article-title":"Associations of prenatal urinary bisphenol A concentrations with child behaviors and cognitive abilities","volume":"125","author":"Braun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2019.114640","article-title":"Prediction of maternal and foetal exposures to perfluoroalkyl compounds in a Spanish birth cohort using toxicokinetic modelling","volume":"379","author":"Brochot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib11","author":"CDC","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fourth national report on human exposure to environmental chemicals"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901376","article-title":"Relationship between environmental phthalate exposure and the intelligence of school-age children","volume":"118","author":"Cho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6802a1","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 4 Years - early autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, seven sites, United States, 2010, 2012, and 2014","volume":"68","author":"Christensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mmwr Surveillance Summ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.01.015","article-title":"Brain region-specific perfluoroalkylated sulfonate (PFSA) and carboxylic acid (PFCA) accumulation and neurochemical biomarker responses in east Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus)","volume":"138","author":"Eggers Pedersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002026","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to perfluorinated chemicals and behavioral or coordination problems at age 7 years","volume":"119","author":"Fei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1080\/02772248.2010.491482","article-title":"Poly- and perfluorinated compounds in household consumer products","volume":"92","author":"Fiedler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. Environ. Chem."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7123","DOI":"10.1021\/es101184f","article-title":"Pre- and postnatal exposure to perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)","volume":"44","author":"Fromme","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2013.04.008","article-title":"Impact of mild thyroid hormone deficiency in pregnancy on cognitive function in children: lessons from the Generation R Study","volume":"28","author":"Ghassabian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Cl En"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9071","DOI":"10.1021\/es301168c","article-title":"Perfluorinated alkyl acids in blood serum from primiparous women in Sweden: serial sampling during pregnancy and nursing, and temporal trends 1996-2010","volume":"46","author":"Glynn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1885","article-title":"Joint effects of prenatal air pollutant exposure and maternal folic acid supplementation on risk of autism spectrum disorder","volume":"11","author":"Goodrich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autism Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342189","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/342189","article-title":"Do thyroid disrupting chemicals influence foetal development during pregnancy?","volume":"2011","author":"Hartoft-Nielsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Thyroid Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12227","article-title":"Maternal hypothyroxinemia and effects on cognitive functioning in childhood: how and why?","volume":"79","author":"Henrichs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8483","article-title":"The CHARGE study: an epidemiologic investigation of genetic and environmental factors contributing to autism","volume":"114","author":"Hertz-Picciotto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-10-1","article-title":"Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in relation to autism and developmental delay: a case-control study","volume":"10","author":"Hertz-Picciotto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1001898","article-title":"Exposure to polyfluoroalkyl chemicals and attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in U.S. Children 12-15 Years of age","volume":"118","author":"Hoffman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP535","article-title":"A prospective study of environmental exposures and early biomarkers in autism spectrum disorder: design, protocols, and preliminary data from the MARBLES study","volume":"126","author":"Hertz-Picciotto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002503","article-title":"Private drinking water wells as a source of exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in communities surrounding a fluoropolymer production facility","volume":"119","author":"Hoffman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1097\/TIN.0000000000000005","article-title":"Breastfeeding and autism spectrum disorders","volume":"29","author":"Hong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Top. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1080\/1047322X.1990.10389587","article-title":"Estimation of average concentration in the presence of nondetectable values","volume":"5","author":"Hornung","year":"1990","journal-title":"Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.6b00260","article-title":"Detection of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in U.S. drinking water linked to industrial sites, military fire training areas, and wastewater treatment plants","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000290","article-title":"Breastfeeding and autism spectrum disorder in the national survey of children's health","volume":"26","author":"Husk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6864","article-title":"Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and related perfluorinated compounds in human maternal and cord blood samples: assessment of PFOS exposure in a susceptible population during pregnancy","volume":"112","author":"Inoue","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104522","article-title":"Phthalates and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid in human amniotic fluid: temporal trends and timing of amniocentesis in pregnancy","volume":"120","author":"Jensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2007.10.008","article-title":"Neonatal exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) causes neurobehavioural defects in adult mice","volume":"29","author":"Johansson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfp029","article-title":"Neonatal exposure to PFOS and PFOA in mice results in changes in proteins which are important for neuronal growth and synaptogenesis in the developing brain","volume":"108","author":"Johansson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-009-0178-5","article-title":"Biomonitoring perfluorinated compounds in Catalonia, Spain: concentrations and trends in human liver and milk samples","volume":"17","author":"Karrman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2009.10.007","article-title":"Analysis of blood spots for polyfluoroalkyl chemicals","volume":"656","author":"Kato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8037","DOI":"10.1021\/es1043613","article-title":"Trends in exposure to polyfluoroalkyl chemicals in the US population: 1999-2008","volume":"45","author":"Kato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2010.10.051","article-title":"Improved selectivity for the analysis of maternal serum and cord serum for polyfluoroalkyl chemicals","volume":"1218","author":"Kato","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7465","DOI":"10.1021\/es202408a","article-title":"Trans-placental transfer of thirteen perfluorinated compounds and relations with fetal thyroid hormones","volume":"45","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.04.033","article-title":"Variability and predictors of serum perfluoroalkyl substance concentrations during pregnancy and early childhood","volume":"165","author":"Kingsley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib42","series-title":"Autism Dianostic Interview - Revised (ADI-R)","author":"Le Couteur","year":"2003"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408412","article-title":"Attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and childhood autism in association with prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances: a nested case-control study in the Danish national birth cohort","volume":"123","author":"Liew","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-018-0253-1","article-title":"Autism spectrum disorders, endocrine disrupting compounds, and heavy metals in amniotic fluid: a case-control study","volume":"10","author":"Long","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Autism."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104370","article-title":"Thyroid function and perfluoroalkyl acids in children living near a chemical plant","volume":"120","author":"Lopez-Espinosa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02172145","article-title":"Autism diagnostic interview-revised - a revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders","volume":"24","author":"Lord","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025873925661","article-title":"Diagnosing autism: analyses of data from the autism diagnostic interview","volume":"27","author":"Lord","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005592401947","article-title":"The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic: a standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism","volume":"30","author":"Lord","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP1830","article-title":"Prenatal maternal serum concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in association with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability","volume":"126","author":"Lyall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.07.020","article-title":"Transfer of perfluoroalkyl substances from mother to fetus in a Spanish birth cohort","volume":"142","author":"Manzano-Salgado","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-012-0822-6","article-title":"Neurotoxic effects of perfluoroalkylated compounds: mechanisms of action and environmental relevance","volume":"86","author":"Mariussen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.0498","article-title":"Maternal mild thyroid hormone insufficiency in early pregnancy and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children","volume":"169","author":"Modesto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jama Pediatr"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10466","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b02237","article-title":"Breastfeeding as an exposure pathway for perfluorinated alkylates","volume":"49","author":"Mogensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104538","article-title":"Relationships of perfluorooctanoate and perfluorooctane sulfonate serum concentrations between mother-child pairs in a population with perfluorooctanoate exposure from drinking water","volume":"120","author":"Mondal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1306613","article-title":"Breastfeeding: a potential excretion route for mothers and implications for infant exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids","volume":"122","author":"Mondal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.001","article-title":"Serum levels of perfluoroalkyl compounds in human maternal and umbilical cord blood samples","volume":"108","author":"Monroy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib58","series-title":"Mullen Scales of Early Learning","author":"Mullen","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-019-0493-3","article-title":"Prenatal plasma concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and neuropsychological development in children at four years of age","volume":"18","author":"Niu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2015.1103437","article-title":"The plausibility of maternal toxicant exposure and nutritional status as contributing factors to the risk of autism spectrum disorders","volume":"20","author":"Nuttall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib61","first-page":"469","article-title":"Combined effects of gestational phthalate exposure and zinc deficiency on steroid metabolism and growth","volume":"156","author":"Nuttall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-006-9018-6","article-title":"A caution regarding rules of thumb for variance inflation factors","volume":"41","author":"O'Brien","year":"2007","journal-title":"Qual. Quantity"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10009","article-title":"Half-life of serum elimination of perfluorooctanesulfonate, perfluorohexanesulfonate, and perfluorooctanoate in retired fluorochemical production workers","volume":"115","author":"Olsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-010-9200-4","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to PFOS or PFOA alters motor function in mice in a sex-related manner","volume":"19","author":"Onishchenko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.07.006","article-title":"Exposure of Norwegian toddlers to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): the association with breastfeeding and maternal PFAS concentrations","volume":"94","author":"Papadopoulou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000907","article-title":"Breast milk protects against gastrointestinal symptoms in infants at high risk for autism during early development","volume":"62","author":"Penn","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2018.02.004","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides and risk of autism spectrum disorders and other non-typical development at 3 years in a high-risk cohort","volume":"221","author":"Philippat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2009.11.004","article-title":"Neurobehavioral teratogenicity of perfluorinated alkyls in an avian model","volume":"32","author":"Pinkas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13266","DOI":"10.1021\/es402884x","article-title":"Occurrence of perfluorinated compounds in raw water from New Jersey public drinking water systems","volume":"47","author":"Post","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9089","DOI":"10.1021\/es9024707","article-title":"Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl carboxylates and sulfonates in drinking water utilities and related waters from the United States","volume":"43","author":"Qui\u00f1ones","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1021\/es803520c","article-title":"EPA finds record PFOS, PFOA levels in Alabama grazing fields","volume":"43","author":"Renner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000227880.42780.0e","article-title":"Combining information from multiple sources in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders","volume":"45","author":"Risi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib73","series-title":"SCQ: Social Communication Questionnaire","author":"Rutter","year":"2003"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.34.569","article-title":"Neurotoxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in rats and mice after single oral exposure","volume":"34","author":"Sato","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.08.067","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals, perfluorosurfactants, and other organic wastewater compounds in public drinking water wells in a shallow sand and gravel aquifer","volume":"468","author":"Schaider","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31821d0e30","article-title":"Prenatal vitamins, one-carbon metabolism gene variants, and risk for autism","volume":"22","author":"Schmidt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.004416","article-title":"Maternal periconceptional folic acid intake and risk of autism spectrum disorders and developmental delay in the CHARGE (CHildhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment) case-control study","volume":"96","author":"Schmidt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP604","article-title":"Combined prenatal pesticide exposure and folic acid intake in relation to autism spectrum disorder","volume":"125","author":"Schmidt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.3901","article-title":"Association of maternal prenatal vitamin use with risk for autism spectrum disorder recurrence in young siblings","volume":"76","author":"Schmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Jama Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4358-1-16","article-title":"Breastfeeding, infant formula supplementation, and autistic disorder: the results of a parent survey","volume":"1","author":"Schultz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. Breastfeed. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-018-0428-4","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to phthalates and autism spectrum disorder in the MARBLES study","volume":"17","author":"Shin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1021\/es102769t","article-title":"Environmental fate and transport modeling for perfluorooctanoic acid emitted from the Washington Works facility in West Virginia","volume":"45","author":"Shin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1103729","article-title":"Retrospective exposure estimation and predicted versus observed serum perfluorooctanoic acid concentrations for participants in the C8 Health Project","volume":"119","author":"Shin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2924","DOI":"10.1021\/es060031f","article-title":"Health risks in infants associated with exposure to perfluorinated compounds in human breast milk from Zhoushan, China","volume":"40","author":"So","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2014.09.008","article-title":"Sex-specific enhanced behavioral toxicity induced by maternal exposure to a mixture of low dose endocrine-disrupting chemicals","volume":"45","author":"Sobolewski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2091","article-title":"Association between breastfeeding initiation and duration and autism spectrum disorder in preschool children enrolled in the study to explore early development","volume":"12","author":"Soke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autism Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib88","series-title":"Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales","author":"Sparrow","year":"1984"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5361","DOI":"10.1021\/es8006244","article-title":"Use of Newborn Screening Program blood spots for exposure assessment: declining levels of perfluorinated compounds in New York State infants","volume":"42","author":"Spliethoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1003538","article-title":"Serum perfluorinated compound concentration and attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in children 5-18 Years of age","volume":"119","author":"Stein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TX00250D","article-title":"Neurobehavioral changes induced by di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and the protective effects of vitamin E in Kunming mice","volume":"4","author":"Tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol Res-Uk"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8597","DOI":"10.1021\/es801875v","article-title":"Perfluorinated compounds in human breast milk from several asian countries, and in infant formula and dairy milk from the United States","volume":"42","author":"Tao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4194","DOI":"10.1021\/es900272u","article-title":"Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals in pooled blood serum from infants, children, and adults in Australia","volume":"43","author":"Toms","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1973","article-title":"Maternal pre-pregnancy weight and autistic-like traits among offspring in the general population","volume":"12","author":"Varcin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autism Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b04399","article-title":"A simple pharmacokinetic model of prenatal and postnatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)","volume":"50","author":"Verner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib97","series-title":"Drinking water for 5.2 million people tainted by unsafe levels of PFCs","author":"Walker","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4067","article-title":"Multiple imputation using chained equations: issues and guidance for practice","volume":"30","author":"White","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2057","article-title":"Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain in relation to autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disorders in offspring","volume":"12","author":"Windham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autism Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.09.026","article-title":"Serum concentrations of perfluorinated compounds (PFC) among selected populations of children and adults in California","volume":"136","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935120304072?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935120304072?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:29:26Z","timestamp":1778632166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935120304072"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"references-count":96,"alternative-id":["S0013935120304072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Modeled prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in association with child autism spectrum disorder: A case-control study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109514","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109514"}}