{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:28:10Z","timestamp":1790468890858,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008903","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DOH94-HP-1802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DOH94-HP-1802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008903","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008903","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DOH95-HP-1802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DOH95-HP-1802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008903","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008903","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOHW103-HPA-H-114-123706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOHW103-HPA-H-114-123706"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008903","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013227","name":"Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013227","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST108-2621-M-002-018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST108-2621-M-002-018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004737","name":"National Health Research Institutes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NHRI-109-EMGP03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHRI-109-EMGP03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005762","name":"National Taiwan University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["108-N4278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108-N4278"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,27]],"date-time":"2020-04-27T04:52:29Z","timestamp":1587963149000},"page":"109588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Hyperactivity disorder in children related to traffic-based air pollution during pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Ping","family":"Shih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-chun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-chun","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tung-liang","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue Leon","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfu059","article-title":"Developmental exposure to concentrated ambient ultrafine particulate matter air pollution in mice results in persistent and sex-dependent behavioral neurotoxicity and glial activation","volume":"140","author":"Allen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib3","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2007.00430.x","article-title":"Environmental risk factors for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"96","author":"Banerjee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66915-2","article-title":"Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"366","author":"Biederman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.02.012","article-title":"Influence of relative age on diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in Taiwanese children","volume":"172","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.11.010","article-title":"Prenatal particulate air pollution and neurodevelopment in urban children: examining sensitive windows and sex-specific associations","volume":"87","author":"Chiu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.01.018","article-title":"Exposure to air pollution and cognitive functioning across the life course--A systematic literature review","volume":"147","author":"Clifford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2006.08.006","article-title":"Psychosocial stress increases inflammatory markers and alters cytokine production across pregnancy","volume":"21","author":"Coussons-Read","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000170331.74960.ad","article-title":"Prenatal stress alters cytokine levels in a manner that may endanger human pregnancy","volume":"67","author":"Coussons-Read","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142492","article-title":"Associations between prenatal exposure to black carbon and memory domains in urban children: modification by sex and prenatal stress","volume":"10","author":"Cowell","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.47.1.219","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthase: role as a transmitter\/mediator in the brain and endocrine system","volume":"47","author":"Dawson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000874","article-title":"Air pollution exposure during pregnancy and symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in children in europe","volume":"29","author":"Forns","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.10.017","article-title":"Traffic-related air pollution and hyperactivity\/inattention, dyslexia and dyscalculia in adolescents of the German GINIplus and LISAplus birth cohorts","volume":"97","author":"Fuertes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)00096-1","article-title":"Moving towards causality in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: overview of neural and genetic mechanisms","volume":"3","author":"Gallo","year":"2016","journal-title":"The lancet. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/108705470200500302","article-title":"A meta-analytic review of gender differences in ADHD","volume":"5","author":"Gershon","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Atten. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5041\/RMMJ.10305","article-title":"Maternal inflammation, fetal brain implications and suggested neuroprotection: a summary of 10 Years of research in animal models","volume":"8","author":"Ginsberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rambam Maimonides Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2016.12.005","article-title":"Review: the blood-brain barrier; protecting the developing fetal brain","volume":"54","author":"Goasdoue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2014.58","article-title":"Exposure to air pollution from traffic and neurodevelopmental disorders in Swedish twins","volume":"17","author":"Gong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Twin Res. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.01.016","article-title":"Air pollution exposure during fetal life, brain morphology, and cognitive function in school-age children","volume":"84","author":"Guxens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib21","first-page":"788","article-title":"Evidence-based medicine: how to practice & teach EBM. Canadian medical association","volume":"157","author":"Haynes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1409430","article-title":"Exposure to road traffic noise and behavioral problems in 7-year-old children: a cohort study","volume":"124","author":"Hjortebjerg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14039","article-title":"Prenatal air pollutant exposure and occurrence of atopic dermatitis","volume":"173","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib24","article-title":"Epidemiology of treated attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) across the lifespan in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based longitudinal study","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib28","series-title":"In Chinese: \u6d2a\u5137\u745c\u7b49\u4eba, 2001. \u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7f3a\u9677\u904e\u52d5\u75c7\u5b78\u751f\u5b89\u7f6e\u8207\u8f14\u5c0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u671f\u672b\u5831\u544a. \u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u59d4\u8a17","article-title":"The final report for educational placement and counseling for children with ADHD in Taiwan.","author":"Hung","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.2174\/1568010054526359","article-title":"Nitric oxide production and signaling in inflammation","volume":"4","author":"Korhonen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets - Inflamm. Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.8.896","article-title":"Instability of the DSM-IV Subtypes of ADHD from preschool through elementary school","volume":"62","author":"Lahey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1806828","article-title":"Attention deficit\u2013hyperactivity disorder and month of school enrollment","volume":"379","author":"Layton","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.11.022","article-title":"Exposure to ambient PM10 and NO2 and the incidence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in childhood","volume":"99","author":"Min","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108734","article-title":"Effects of prenatal exposure to particulate matter air pollution on corpus callosum and behavioral problems in children","volume":"178","author":"Mortamais","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib31","first-page":"69","article-title":"Statistics corner: a guide to appropriate use of correlation coefficient in medical research","volume":"24","author":"Mukaka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malawi Med. J."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-006-1003-z","article-title":"Influence of gender on attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in Europe--ADORE","volume":"15","author":"Novik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105149","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to air pollution as a potential risk factor for autism and ADHD","volume":"133","author":"Oudin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111670","article-title":"Early-life exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and ADHD behavior problems","volume":"9","author":"Perera","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.6.942","article-title":"The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis","volume":"164","author":"Polanczyk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1134\/S1062359006050049","article-title":"The mechanisms of nitric oxide production from exogenous and endogenous NO-donating compounds in cells of higher animals and the influence of nitric oxide on deoxyribonucleotide and DNA synthesis","volume":"33","author":"Pulatova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30394-2","article-title":"Relative age within the school year and diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"4","author":"Sayal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-010-1379-0","article-title":"Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children chronically exposed to high level of vehicular pollution","volume":"170","author":"Siddique","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e994","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3482","article-title":"Prevalence of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"135","author":"Thomas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796016000500","article-title":"Prevalence rates of youths diagnosed with and medicated for ADHD in a nationwide survey in Taiwan from 2000 to 2011","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-012-0135-8","article-title":"The prevalence of DSM-IV attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review","volume":"9","author":"Willcutt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935120304813?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935120304813?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T20:16:35Z","timestamp":1757967395000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935120304813"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0013935120304813"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hyperactivity disorder in children related to traffic-based air pollution during pregnancy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109588","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109588"}}