{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T16:42:27Z","timestamp":1777567347195,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-042747"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-042747"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-07957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-07957"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR000439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR000439"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T06:59:43Z","timestamp":1635145183000},"page":"112273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Preschool blood lead levels, language competency, and substance use in adolescence"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"206","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3584-6690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meeyoung O.","family":"Min","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara A.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Minnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3841-6493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwynn M.","family":"Gonzalez-Pons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1234-8832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"June-Yung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2950-9460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynn T.","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib1","series-title":"Manual for Child Behavior Checklist\/4\u201318 and 1991 Profile","author":"Achenbach","year":"1991"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12301","article-title":"Change in receptive vocabulary from childhood to adulthood: associated mental health, education and employment outcomes: associated outcomes of receptive vocabulary change","volume":"52","author":"Armstrong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Lang. Commun. Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e348","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1404","article-title":"Impact of prenatal cocaine exposure on child behavior problems through school age","volume":"119","author":"Bada","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.06.014","article-title":"Transitions from first substance use to substance use disorders in adolescence: is early onset associated with a rapid escalation?","volume":"99","author":"Behrendt","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1081\/ADA-100104510","article-title":"Comorbidity of psychiatric and substance use disorders in late adolescence: a cluster analytic approach","volume":"27","author":"Beitchman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.05.014","article-title":"A developmental perspective on early-life exposure to neurotoxicants","volume":"94","author":"Bellinger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2008.02.001","article-title":"The statistical association between drug misuse and crime: a meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Bennett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aggress. Violent Behav."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2012.73.173","article-title":"Parental monitoring at age 11 and subsequent onset of cannabis use up to age 17: results from a prospective study","volume":"73","author":"Bohnert","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.2466\/10.18.PR0.108.2.339-357","article-title":"Developmental trajectories of marijuana use from adolescence to adulthood: personality and social role outcomes","volume":"108","author":"Brook","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib10","series-title":"HOME Inventory Early Adolescent Version. Little Rock","author":"Caldwell","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib11","series-title":"Youth Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/13682820801921601","article-title":"Specific language impairment and school outcomes. identifying and explaining variability at the end of compulsory education","volume":"44","author":"Conti\u2010Ramsden","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Lang. Commun. Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.08.043","article-title":"Adolescents with a history of specific language impairment (SLI): strengths and difficulties in social, emotional, and behavioral functioning","volume":"34","author":"Conti-Ramsden","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res. Dev. Disabil."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00508-8","article-title":"The increasing global health priority of substance use in young people","volume":"3","author":"Degenhardt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psych"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.3.280","article-title":"Violence exposure, trauma, and IQ and\/or reading deficits among urban children","volume":"156","author":"Delaney-Black","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib16","series-title":"The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI): Administration, Scoring & Procedures Manual-II","author":"Derogatis","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108679","article-title":"Association between early lead exposure and externalizing behaviors in adolescence: a developmental cascade","volume":"178","author":"Desrochers-Couture","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(01)00184-2","article-title":"Early exposure to lead and juvenile delinquency","volume":"3","author":"Dietrich","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib19","series-title":"Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised. Circle Pines","author":"Dunn","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib20","series-title":"Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III. Circle Pines","author":"Dunn","year":"1997"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP7932","article-title":"Blood lead levels in US children ages 1\u201311 years, 1976\u20132016","volume":"29","author":"Egan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02221.x","article-title":"Cannabis use and later life outcomes","volume":"103","author":"Fergusson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2012.73.379","article-title":"Examining explanatory mechanisms of the effects of early alcohol use on young adult alcohol dependence","volume":"73","author":"Guttmannova","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib24","series-title":"Test of Language Development-Intermediate 3 (TOLD-I:3)","author":"Hamill","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.2307\/2576737","article-title":"Commentary on \u201cthe indiscriminate state of social class measurement","volume":"49","author":"Hollingshead","year":"1971","journal-title":"Soc. Forces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib26","series-title":"Applied Logistic Regression: Hosmer\/Applied Logistic Regression","author":"Hosmer","year":"2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Struct. Equ. Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2010.12.001","article-title":"Employment trajectories: exploring gender differences and impacts of drug use","volume":"79","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vocat. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2016.10.004","article-title":"Sensitive periods of substance abuse: early risk for the transition to dependence","volume":"25","author":"Jordan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib30","series-title":"Language and Reading Disabilities","author":"Kamhi","year":"2012"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01507.x","article-title":"Marker or mediator? the effects of adolescent substance use on young adult educational attainment","volume":"101","author":"King","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1080\/1533256X.2016.1138867","article-title":"Violence exposure and early substance use in high-risk adolescents","volume":"6","author":"Kobulsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Soc. Work. Pract. Addict."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.60.3.243","article-title":"Environmental toxicants and developmental disabilities: a challenge for psychologists","volume":"60","author":"Koger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1093\/phr\/115.6.521","article-title":"Cognitive deficits associated with blood lead concentrations <10 microg\/dL in US children and adolescents","volume":"115","author":"Lanphear","year":"2000","journal-title":"Publ. Health Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.01.001","article-title":"Blood lead levels and longitudinal language outcomes in children from 4 to 12 years","volume":"71","author":"Lewis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Commun. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2016.03.004","article-title":"Psychosocial co-morbidities in adolescents and adults with histories of communication disorders","volume":"61","author":"Lewis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Commun. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg014","article-title":"Lead neurotoxicity in children: basic mechanisms and clinical correlates","volume":"126","author":"Lidsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsj020","article-title":"Mental health outcomes of cocaine-exposed children at 6 years of age","volume":"31","author":"Linares","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Psychol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.8.836","article-title":"Prenatal smoking and early childhood conduct problems: testing genetic and environmental explanations of the association","volume":"61","author":"Maughan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579410000222","article-title":"Developmental cascades","volume":"22","author":"Masten","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2020.106946","article-title":"Fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium and substance use in adolescence","volume":"83","author":"Min","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.007","article-title":"Developmental trajectories of externalizing behavior from ages 4 to 12: prenatal cocaine exposure and adolescent correlates","volume":"192","author":"Min","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.12.032","article-title":"Self-reported adolescent behavioral adjustment: effects of prenatal cocaine exposure","volume":"55","author":"Min","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2009.03.002","article-title":"Cognitive development and low-level lead exposure in poly-drug exposed children","volume":"31","author":"Min","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.01.027","article-title":"The association of prenatal cocaine exposure, externalizing behavior and adolescent substance use","volume":"176","author":"Minnes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.09.031","article-title":"Effects of prenatal cocaine\/polydrug exposure on substance use by age 15","volume":"134","author":"Minnes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib47","series-title":"Mplus User's Guide: Statistical Analysis with Latent Variables","author":"Muth\u00e9n","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib48","unstructured":"National Toxicology Program. NTP Monograph: Health Effects of Low-Level Lead. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, https:\/\/ntp.niehs.nih.gov\/ntp\/ohat\/lead\/final\/monographhealtheffectslowlevellead_newissn_508.pdf."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200402000-00001","article-title":"Cocaine, anemia, and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children: a longitudinal study","volume":"25","author":"Nelson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2004"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib50","first-page":"18","article-title":"Neurobiological consequences of childhood trauma","volume":"65","author":"Nemeroff","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry 2004"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.10.016","article-title":"Effect of lead exposure on dopaminergic transmission in the rat brain","volume":"207","author":"NourEddine","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.40.3.879","article-title":"Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models","volume":"40","author":"Preacher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib53","series-title":"The Adolescent Assessment and Referral System Manual (DHHS Publication No. ADM91-1735)","author":"Rahdert","year":"1991"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990902998715","article-title":"The illustration-based assessment of liability and exposure to substance use and antisocial behavior \u00a9 for children","volume":"35","author":"Ridenour","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2010.10399784","article-title":"The association between psychopathology and substance use in young people: a review of the literature","volume":"42","author":"Saban","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Psychoact. Drugs"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.11.019","article-title":"Impacts of age of onset of substance use disorders on risk of adult incarceration among disadvantaged urban youth: a propensity score matching approach","volume":"95","author":"Slade","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.20.2448","article-title":"Cognitive outcomes of preschool children with prenatal cocaine exposure","volume":"291","author":"Singer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.01.001","article-title":"Prenatal cocaine exposure: drug and environmental effects at 9 years","volume":"153","author":"Singer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01631.x","article-title":"Psychosocial outcomes at 15 years of children with a preschool history of speech-language impairment: psychosocial outcomes of LI children","volume":"47","author":"Snowling","year":"2006","journal-title":"JCPP (J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2750","DOI":"10.1044\/2018_JSLHR-L-18-0061","article-title":"Early risk factors and emotional difficulties in children at risk of developmental language disorder: a population cohort study","volume":"62","author":"St Clair","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib61","series-title":"Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children \u2013 Fourth Edition (WISC-IV)","author":"Wechsler","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib62","series-title":"Evaluation of Model Fit Indices for Latent Variable Models with Categorical and Continuous Outcomes (Technical Report)","author":"Yu","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.09.003","article-title":"Adolescent substance use disorders in the school setting","volume":"21","author":"Yule","year":"2012","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935121015747?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935121015747?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:55:09Z","timestamp":1777402509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935121015747"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["S0013935121015747"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Preschool blood lead levels, language competency, and substance use in adolescence","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112273","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112273"}}