{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T11:59:29Z","timestamp":1788263969192,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91744208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91744208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T10:49:32Z","timestamp":1642762172000},"page":"112754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Nonlinear effect of air pollution on adult pneumonia hospital visits in the coastal city of Qingdao, China: A time-series analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"209","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5336-2895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingyue","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiuli","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuming","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kejia","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3965-1359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle L.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1871-8999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haidong","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiwang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6444-6544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00130014","article-title":"Adult lung function and long-term air pollution exposure. ESCAPE: a multicentre cohort study and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Adam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7382.219","article-title":"Interaction revisited: the difference between two estimates","volume":"326","author":"Altman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.12.047","article-title":"The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: an update","volume":"43","author":"Ambrose","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8816","article-title":"The exposure-response curve for ozone and risk of mortality and the adequacy of current ozone regulations","volume":"114","author":"Bell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu115","article-title":"Who is more affected by ozone pollution? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"180","author":"Bell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt092","article-title":"Time series regression studies in environmental epidemiology","volume":"42","author":"Bhaskaran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108533","article-title":"Serum Clara cell protein: a sensitive biomarker of increased lung epithelium permeability caused by ambient ozone","volume":"108","author":"Broeckaert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-019-0520-4","article-title":"Ambient air pollution is associated with pediatric pneumonia: a time-stratified case-crossover study in an urban area","volume":"18","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2016.62","article-title":"Considering spatial heterogeneity in the distributed lag non-linear model when analyzing spatiotemporal data","volume":"28","author":"Chien","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.06.012","article-title":"Effect of the shape of the exposure-response function on estimated hospital costs in a study on non-elective pneumonia hospitalizations related to particulate matter","volume":"94","author":"Devos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.218","article-title":"Is the serious ambient air pollution associated with increased admissions for schizophrenia?","volume":"644","author":"Duan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-015-0383-y","article-title":"Fine particulate air pollution and hospitalization for pneumonia: a case-crossover study in Shijiazhuang, China","volume":"9","author":"Duan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Air Qual. Atmos. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.125861","article-title":"Characteristics and sources of PM2.5 with focus on two severe pollution events in a coastal city of Qingdao, China","volume":"247","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib14","article-title":"Unveiling the dipole synergic effect of biogenic and anthropogenic emissions on ozone concentrations","volume":"151722","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.5963","article-title":"Modeling exposure-lag-response associations with distributed lag non-linear models","volume":"33","author":"Gasparrini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3940","article-title":"Distributed lag non-linear models","volume":"29","author":"Gasparrini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30752-2","article-title":"Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"GBD 2019 Risk Factors Collaborators","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.08.068","article-title":"Differential effects of size-specific particulate matter on emergency department visits for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in Guangzhou, China","volume":"243","author":"Ge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1306770","article-title":"Air pollution exposure and lung function in children: the ESCAPE project","volume":"121","author":"Gehring","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.03.052","article-title":"Nonlinearity in human health response to ozone: experimental laboratory considerations","volume":"41","author":"Hazucha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2005.05.004","article-title":"Aging of the respiratory system: impact on pulmonary function tests and adaptation to exertion","volume":"26","author":"Janssens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Chest Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2017.11.043","article-title":"Outdoor particulate air pollution and indoor renovation associated with childhood pneumonia in China","volume":"174","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/abccf6","article-title":"Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter and pneumonia-related hospitalizations: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2010.03.003","article-title":"Aspects of nitrogen dioxide toxicity in environmental urban concentrations in human nasal epithelium","volume":"245","author":"Koehler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib24","first-page":"51","article-title":"Air pollution exposure DNA adduct dosimetry in humans and rodents: evidence for non-linearity at high doses","volume":"378","author":"Lewtas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib25","article-title":"Impact of air pollutants on outpatient visits for acute respiratory outcomes","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.073","article-title":"Estimating mortality burden attributable to short-term PM2.5 exposure: a national observational study in China","volume":"125","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.05.068","article-title":"Is standard deviation of daily PM2.5 concentration associated with respiratory mortality?","volume":"216","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2012.12.010","article-title":"Comparing ozone metrics on associations with outpatient visits for respiratory diseases in Taipei Metropolitan area","volume":"177","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15102160","article-title":"Short-term effects of ambient air pollution on hospitalization for respiratory disease in Taiyuan, China: a time-series analysis","volume":"15","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c06170","article-title":"The development and assessment of a high-resolution biogenic emission inventory from urban green space in China","volume":"56","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12195","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-12195-2019","article-title":"Substantial ozone enhancement over the North China Plain from increased biogenic emissions due to heat waves and land cover in summer 2017","volume":"19","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1409495","article-title":"A time-stratified case-crossover study of ambient ozone exposure and emergency department visits for specific respiratory diagnoses in California (2005-2008)","volume":"124","author":"Malig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30408-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national estimates of pneumonia morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years between 2000 and 2015: a systematic analysis","volume":"7","author":"McAllister","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj078","article-title":"The effect of ozone and PM10 on hospital admissions for pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a national multicity study","volume":"163","author":"Medina-Ramon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.07.063","article-title":"Short-term association between ambient air pollution and pneumonia in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of time-series and case-crossover studies","volume":"230","author":"Nhung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000152905.42113.db","article-title":"Ambient air pollution and respiratory emergency department visits","volume":"16","author":"Peel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201706-495OC","article-title":"Short-term air pollution and incident pneumonia. A case-crossover study","volume":"15","author":"Pirozzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1080\/10962247.2014.993004","article-title":"Health benefits of air pollution abatement policy: role of the shape of the concentration-response function","volume":"65","author":"Pope","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-205429","article-title":"Coarse particulate matter associated with increased risk of emergency hospital admissions for pneumonia in Hong Kong","volume":"69","author":"Qiu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib41","series-title":"Bayesian Modeling for Exposure Response Curve via Gaussian Processes: Causal Effects of Exposure to Air Pollution on Health Outcomes","author":"Ren","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-13-95","article-title":"How air pollution influences clinical management of respiratory diseases. A case-crossover study in Milan","volume":"13","author":"Santus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200101000-00010","article-title":"Is there harvesting in the association of airborne particles with daily deaths and hospital admissions?","volume":"12","author":"Schwartz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105556","article-title":"Temporal variations of six ambient criteria air pollutants from 2015 to 2018, their spatial distributions, health risks and relationships with socioeconomic factors during 2018 in China","volume":"137","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002517","article-title":"Mind the gap","volume":"118","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000259","article-title":"Attenuation of exposure-response rate ratios at higher exposures A simulation study focusing on frailty and measurement error","volume":"26","author":"Steenland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2013.10.035","article-title":"Air pollution and hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in Lanzhou, China","volume":"185","author":"Tao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003010","article-title":"Ambient particulate matter pollution and adult hospital admissions for pneumonia in urban China: a national time series analysis for 2014 through 2017","volume":"16","author":"Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105498","article-title":"The impact of ambient ozone pollution on pneumonia: a nationwide time-series analysis","volume":"136","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib50","first-page":"103","article-title":"Levelling-off of the risk of lung and bladder cancer in heavy smokers: an analysis based on multicentric case-control studies and a metabolic interpretation","volume":"463","author":"Vineis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.05.029","article-title":"Associations between daily outpatient visits for respiratory diseases and ambient fine particulate matter and ozone levels in Shanghai, China","volume":"240","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.05.015","article-title":"Fetal growth and maternal exposure to particulate air pollution--More marked effects at lower exposure and modification by gestational duration","volume":"140","author":"Winckelmans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-11-70","article-title":"Comparison of emergency department and hospital admissions data for air pollution time-series studies","volume":"11","author":"Winquist","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0211067","article-title":"A tale of two cities: effects of air pollution on hospital admissions in Hong Kong and London compared","volume":"110","author":"Wong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib55","series-title":"Generalized Additive Models:An Introduction with R","author":"Wood","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2020.117497","article-title":"Association between ambient fine particulate matter and adult hospital admissions for pneumonia in Beijing, China","volume":"231","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115999","article-title":"Revealing the modulation of boundary conditions and governing processes on ozone formation over northern China in June 2017","volume":"272","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib58","article-title":"Investigating the impact of air pollution on AMI and COPD hospital admissions in the coastal city of Qingdao, China","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2005.039834","article-title":"Air pollution and emergency admissions in Boston, MA","volume":"60","author":"Zanobetti","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108419","article-title":"Exposure measurement error in time-series studies of air pollution: concepts and consequences","volume":"108","author":"Zeger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13975","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2002580117","article-title":"Global impact of atmospheric arsenic on health risk: 2005 to 2015","volume":"117","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8679","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08984-x","article-title":"Association of ambient Particulate matter 2.5 with intensive care unit admission due to pneumonia: a distributed lag non-linear model","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.12.070","article-title":"Ambient fine and coarse particulate matter pollution and respiratory morbidity in Dongguan, China","volume":"222","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935122000810?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935122000810?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T21:10:46Z","timestamp":1786569046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935122000810"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["S0013935122000810"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nonlinear effect of air pollution on adult pneumonia hospital visits in the coastal city of Qingdao, China: A time-series analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112754","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112754"}}