{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T12:53:22Z","timestamp":1782824002393,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002809","name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017SGR319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017SGR319"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T10:39:48Z","timestamp":1665225588000},"page":"114490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"P1","title":["Passive exposure to electronic cigarette aerosol in pregnancy: A case study of a family"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"216","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0747-0924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Montse","family":"Ballb\u00e8","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4962-0927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcela","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillem","family":"Masana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1837-5447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"P\u00e9rez-Ortu\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7130-981X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoni","family":"Gual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9816-8618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Olmedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"Garc\u00eda-Algar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Antonio","family":"Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4239-723X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esteve","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.05.002","article-title":"Pregnancy outcome and cord blood cotinine level: a cross-sectional comparative study between secondhand smokers and non-secondhand smokers","volume":"214","author":"Abdullah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.11.3.176","article-title":"Hair as a biomarker for exposure to tobacco smoke","volume":"11","author":"Al-Delaimy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tobac. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1590\/S1135-57272008000500008","article-title":"Validity of smoking measurements during pregnancy: specificity, sensitivity and cut-off points","volume":"82","author":"Aranda Regules","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Salud Publica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-198814040-00003","article-title":"Drugs in human milk. Clinical pharmacokinetic considerations","volume":"14","author":"Atkinson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2014.06.007","article-title":"Trace metals in blood and urine of newborn\/mother pairs, adolescents and adults of the Flemish population (2007-2011)","volume":"217","author":"Baeyens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.97105202","article-title":"Maternal tobacco smoke exposure and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn","volume":"105","author":"Bearer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2018.02.005","article-title":"Use and risk perception of electronic nicotine delivery systems and tobacco in pregnancy","volume":"28","author":"Bhandari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wom. Health Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-018-1856-4","article-title":"Views on and experiences of electronic cigarettes: a qualitative study of women who are pregnant or have recently given birth","volume":"18","author":"Bowker","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1561","article-title":"Electronic nicotine delivery systems and pregnancy: recent research on perceptions, cessation, and toxicant delivery","volume":"111","author":"Breland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.03.048","article-title":"Occurrence of 44 elements in human cord blood and their association with growth indicators in newborns","volume":"116","author":"Cabrera-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/106089","article-title":"Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) by pregnant women I: risk of small-for-gestational-age birth","volume":"17","author":"Cardenas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tob. Induc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2007.11.001","article-title":"GC-MS determined cotinine in an epidemiological study on smoking status at delivery","volume":"21","author":"Chazeron","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2017-0206RC","article-title":"Maternal E-cigarette exposure in mice alters DNA methylation and lung cytokine expression in offspring","volume":"58","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2013.114","article-title":"CYP2A6 genotype but not age determines cotinine half-life in infants and children","volume":"94","author":"Dempsey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib16","series-title":"Cigarretes Electr\u00f2niques","author":"Departament de Salut de la Generalitat de Catalunya","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.S3.1007","article-title":"Prenatal and postnatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure and children's health","volume":"113","author":"DiFranza","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib18","series-title":"Public Health Focus - Summary of Results: Laboratory Analysis of Electronic Cigarettes Conducted by","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e318074df6e","article-title":"Reference values for hair cotinine as a biomarker of active and passive smoking in women of reproductive age, pregnant women, children, and neonates: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Florescu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ther. Drug Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.00762.x","article-title":"Assessment of foetal exposure to cigarette smoke after recent implementations of smoke-free policy in Italy","volume":"97","author":"Franchini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113914","article-title":"Concentrations and determinants of lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic in pooled donor breast milk in Spain","volume":"240","author":"Freire","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-320","article-title":"Salivary cotinine concentrations in daily smokers in Barcelona, Spain: a cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Fu","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00941-2019","article-title":"Discrepancies in reported versus measured nicotine content of e-cigarette refill liquids across nine European countries before and after the implementation of the EU Tobacco Products Directive","volume":"55","author":"Girvalaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2012-050859","article-title":"Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes","volume":"23","author":"Goniewicz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tobac. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntu152","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes are a source of thirdhand exposure to nicotine","volume":"17","author":"Goniewicz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking","volume":"83","year":"2004","journal-title":"IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2003.08.003","article-title":"Use of nicotine patches in breast-feeding mothers: transfer of nicotine and cotinine into human milk","volume":"74","author":"Ilett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.77.11.1435","article-title":"Comparison of tests used to distinguish smokers from nonsmokers","volume":"77","author":"Jarvis","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7261","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110707261","article-title":"Transgenerational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke","volume":"11","author":"Joya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2013.03.035","article-title":"Determination of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in replacement liquids of electronic cigarettes by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"1291","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108854","article-title":"Exposure to 17 trace metals in pregnancy and associations with urinary oxidative stress biomarkers","volume":"179","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30189-4","article-title":"Early-life exposure to electronic cigarettes: cause for concern","volume":"7","author":"Larcombe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13040417","article-title":"Frontal cortex transcriptome analysis of mice exposed to electronic cigarettes during early life stages","volume":"13","author":"Lauterstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/8.3.433","article-title":"Transfer of the tobacco-specific carcinogens N'-nitrosonornicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and benzo[a]pyrene into the milk of lactating rats","volume":"8","author":"LaVoie","year":"1987","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-009-2831-8","article-title":"Biological matrices for the evaluation of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke during prenatal life and childhood","volume":"396","author":"Llaquet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131809","article-title":"Exposure to metals and metalloids among pregnant women from Spain: levels and associated factors","volume":"286","author":"Lozano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33829-6","article-title":"Early childhood exposure to secondhand smoke and behavioural problems in preschoolers","volume":"8","author":"Luk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2006.07.029","article-title":"Simple, rapid and sensitive assay method for simultaneous quantification of urinary nicotine and cotinine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","volume":"844","author":"Man","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr., B: Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000128","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and practice of electronic cigarette use among pregnant women","volume":"9","author":"Mark","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Addiction Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2018.07.016","article-title":"Secondhand exposure to aerosol from electronic cigarettes: pilot study of assessment of tobacco-specific nitrosamine (NNAL) in urine","volume":"33","author":"Mart\u00ednez-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gac. Sanit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2003.003889","article-title":"Households contaminated by environmental tobacco smoke: sources of infant exposures","volume":"13","author":"Matt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Tobac. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.3109\/08958378.2012.724728","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of e-cigarette vapor and cigarette smoke on indoor air quality","volume":"24","author":"McAuley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyw059","article-title":"Perceptions and use of electronic cigarettes in pregnancy","volume":"32","author":"McCubbin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Educ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118344","article-title":"The effects of electronic cigarette emissions on systemic cotinine levels, weight and postnatal lung growth in neonatal mice","volume":"10","author":"McGrath-Morrow","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18179289","article-title":"Heavy metals and trace elements in human breast milk from industrial\/mining and agricultural zones of southeastern Spain","volume":"18","author":"Motas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib47","series-title":"Engineering","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L705","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00408.2019","article-title":"In utero exposures to electronic-cigarette aerosols impair the Wnt signaling during mouse lung development","volume":"318","author":"Noel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111667","article-title":"Metal exposure and biomarker levels among e-cigarette users in Spain","volume":"202","author":"Olmedo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cotox.2019.05.001","article-title":"Impact of electronic cigarette aerosols on pregnancy and early development","volume":"14","author":"Orz\u00e1bal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib51","article-title":"Second-hand smoke exposure and psychological distress in adolescents. A population-based study","author":"Padr\u00f3n","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tobac. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126259","article-title":"Cardiac development in zebrafish and human embryonic stem cells is inhibited by exposure to tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes","volume":"10","author":"Palpant","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib53","article-title":"Assessing secondhand and thirdhand tobacco smoke exposure in Canadian infants using questionnaires, biomarkers, and machine learning","author":"Parks","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.10.011","article-title":"Influence of diet in urinary levels of metals in a biomonitoring study of a child population of the Valencian region (Spain)","volume":"618","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib31","article-title":"Changes in the salivary cotinine cut-offs to discriminate smokers and non-smokers before and after Spanish smoke-free legislation","volume":"22","author":"P\u00e9rez-Mart\u00edn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.08.036","article-title":"Assessment of tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in oral fluid as biomarkers of cancer risk: a population-based study","volume":"151","author":"P\u00e9rez-Ortu\u00f1o","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25043","article-title":"Evaluation of tobacco specific nitrosamines exposure by quantification of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in human hair of non-smokers","volume":"6","author":"P\u00e9rez-Ortu\u00f1o","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.001081079","article-title":"Cord serum cotinine as a biomarker of fetal exposure to cigarette smoke at the end of pregnancy","volume":"108","author":"Pichini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16245113","article-title":"Impact of nicotine replacement and electronic nicotine delivery systems on fetal brain development","volume":"16","author":"Sailer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib59","series-title":"Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Perinatal Outcomes: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses","first-page":"423","article-title":"Knowledge synthesis group*","volume":"vol. 89","author":"Salmasi","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.09.033","article-title":"Anti-smoking legislation and its effects on urinary cotinine and cadmium levels","volume":"136","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib61","article-title":"Scientific Opinion on electronic cigarettes","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib62","article-title":"Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) impairs indoor air quality and increases FeNO levels of e-cigarette consumers","author":"Schober","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137953","article-title":"Adult behavior in male mice exposed to E-cigarette nicotine vapors during late prenatal and early postnatal life","volume":"10","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13183","article-title":"Nicotine delivery, retention and pharmacokinetics from various electronic cigarettes","volume":"111","author":"St Helen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28575","article-title":"Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamine exposures and cancer risk in the Shanghai Cohort Study: remarkable coherence with rat tumor sites","volume":"134","author":"Stepanov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-18190-y","article-title":"Analysis of essential, toxic, rare earth, and noble elements in maternal and umbilical cord blood","author":"Stojsavljevic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23333","article-title":"Is there evidence for potential harm of electronic cigarette use in pregnancy?","volume":"103","author":"Suter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. A. Clin. Mol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111090","article-title":"Toxic metals in human milk in relation to tobacco smoke exposure","volume":"197","author":"Szukalska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib69","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration, Sec. 184.1666 Propylene Glycol. 2021. (Accessed: July 2022). https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cdrh\/cfdocs\/cfcfr\/cfrsearch.cfm?fr=184.1666."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113822","article-title":"Lead, cadmium, mercury, and chromium in urine and blood of children and adolescents in Germany - human biomonitoring results of the German Environmental Survey 2014-2017 (GerES V)","volume":"237","author":"Vogel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234189","article-title":"Electronic nicotine delivery system design and aerosol toxicants: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Ward","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0000000000000595","article-title":"The use of electronic cigarettes in pregnancy: a review of the literature","volume":"73","author":"Whittington","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol. Surv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.58.10.649","article-title":"Experimental exposure to propylene glycol mist in aviation emergency training: acute ocular and respiratory effects","volume":"58","author":"Wieslander","year":"2001","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntr164","article-title":"Variability among electronic cigarettes in the pressure drop, airflow rate, and aerosol production","volume":"13","author":"Williams","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149251","article-title":"Comparison of the performance of cartomizer style electronic cigarettes from major tobacco and independent manufacturers","volume":"11","author":"Williams","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2008.00927.x","article-title":"Comparison of urinary and plasma cotinine levels during the three trimesters of pregnancy","volume":"22","author":"Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3109\/1354750X.2010.533288","article-title":"Tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in smokers in the United States: NHANES 2007-2008","volume":"16","author":"Xia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2014.11.004","article-title":"Effects of using electronic cigarettes on nicotine delivery and cardiovascular function in comparison with regular cigarettes","volume":"71","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2006.12.011","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in human milk from Italian women: influence of cigarette smoking and residential area","volume":"67","author":"Zanieri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chemosphere"}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935122018175?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935122018175?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T16:54:46Z","timestamp":1781888086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935122018175"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["S0013935122018175"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Passive exposure to electronic cigarette aerosol in pregnancy: A case study of a family","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114490","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114490"}}