{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T03:53:33Z","timestamp":1783050813497,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004963","name":"Seventh Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004963","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005860","name":"Helsefonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17-B-0255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17-B-0255"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005860","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T19:11:37Z","timestamp":1680376297000},"page":"115784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Predictors of serum- per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) concentrations among infants in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"228","author":[{"given":"Marzanna Marianna","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ane B\u00e6rent","family":"Fisker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Dalg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristoffer Jarlov","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flemming","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine Stabell","family":"Benn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Grandjean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9847-2038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amalie","family":"Timmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib1","series-title":"Toxicological Profile for Perfluoroalkyls","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.115165","article-title":"Locally caught freshwater fish across the United States are likely a significant source of exposure to PFOS and other perfluorinated compounds","volume":"220","author":"Barbo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib3","series-title":"Short-chain Perfluoroalkyl Acids: Environmental Concerns and a Regulatory Strategy under REACH","volume":"vol. 30","author":"Brendel","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125250","article-title":"Perfluorinated substances in the Flemish population (Belgium): levels and determinants of variability in exposure","volume":"242","author":"Colles","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib5","series-title":"Reghdfe: Stata Module for Linear and Instrumental-Variable\/gmm Regression Absorbing Multiple Levels of Fixed Effects","article-title":"Statistical Software Components S457874","author":"Correia","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib6","series-title":"Sources, Fate, and Plant Uptake in Agricultural Systems of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances. Current Pollution Reports","author":"Costello","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11172","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c02765","article-title":"Outside the safe operating space of a new planetary boundary for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)","volume":"56","author":"Cousins","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3738","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b06044","article-title":"Shifting global exposures to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) evident in longitudinal birth cohorts from a seafood-consuming population","volume":"52","author":"Dassuncao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108648","article-title":"Human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) through drinking water: a review of the recent scientific literature","volume":"177","author":"Domingo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib10","first-page":"26","article-title":"Management of soil contaminants in Guinea - Bissau","volume":"6","author":"Domingos Raimundo Lopes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib11","article-title":"Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food","volume":"18","author":"EFSA CONTAM Panel","year":"2020","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4890","article-title":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance toxicity and human health review: current state of knowledge and strategies for informing future research","volume":"40","author":"Fenton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix1033","article-title":"A two-center randomized trial of an additional early dose of measles vaccine: effects on mortality and measles antibody levels","volume":"66","author":"Fisker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib14","volume":"2022","year":"2022","journal-title":"Map of Guinea-Bissau with Regions - Single Color"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7123","DOI":"10.1021\/es101184f","article-title":"Pre- and postnatal exposure to perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)","volume":"44","author":"Fromme","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.10.023","article-title":"Accumulation of perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in agricultural plants: a review","volume":"169","author":"Ghisi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib17","first-page":"1957","article-title":"Vertical transport and sinks of perfluoroalkyl substances in the global open ocean","volume":"21","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. J. Integr. Environ. Res.: Process. Impacts"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7101","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b00770","article-title":"Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in serum from 2\u20134-month-old infants: influence of maternal serum concentration, gestational age, breast-feeding, and contaminated drinking water","volume":"52","author":"Gyllenhammar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1039\/b924420d","article-title":"Perfluorinated compounds in maternal serum and cord blood from selected areas of South Africa: results of a pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Hanssen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Environ. Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107417","article-title":"Prenatal and early postnatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and bone mineral content and density in the Odense child cohort","volume":"167","author":"H\u00f8jsager","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib21","series-title":"PFAS Pollution across the Middle East and Asia","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.04.033","article-title":"Variability and predictors of serum perfluoroalkyl substance concentrations during pregnancy and early childhood","volume":"165","author":"Kingsley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib23","series-title":"Global Monitoring Plan for Persistent Organic Pollutants under the Stockholm Convention Article 16 on Effectiveness Evaluation","article-title":"Third Regional Monitoring Report","author":"KoneTraore","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151003","article-title":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water and wastewater: a critical review of their global occurrence and distribution","volume":"809","author":"Kurwadkar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.683297","article-title":"Early-life exposure to per- and poly-fluorinated alkyl substances and growth, adiposity, and puberty in children: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.04.038","article-title":"Neonatal\u2013maternal factors and perfluoroalkyl substances in cord blood","volume":"92","author":"Lien","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-018-0173-4","article-title":"Developmental exposures to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs): an update of associated health outcomes","volume":"5","author":"Liew","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Environmental Health Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.132601","article-title":"Occurrence and infant exposure assessment of per and polyfluoroalkyl substances in breast milk from South Africa","volume":"288","author":"Macheka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.010","article-title":"Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in human embryonic and fetal organs from first, second, and third trimester pregnancies","volume":"124","author":"Mamsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.07.020","article-title":"Transfer of perfluoroalkyl substances from mother to fetus in a Spanish birth cohort","volume":"142","author":"Manzano-Salgado","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.04.004","article-title":"Variability of perfluoroalkyl substance concentrations in pregnant women by socio-demographic and dietary factors in a Spanish birth cohort","volume":"92\u201393","author":"Manzano-Salgado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10466","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b02237","article-title":"Breastfeeding as an exposure pathway for perfluorinated alkylates","volume":"49","author":"Mogensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1306613","article-title":"Breastfeeding: a potential excretion route for mothers and implications for infant exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids","volume":"122","author":"Mondal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2019.04.002","article-title":"Socioeconomic position and exposure to multiple environmental chemical contaminants in six European mother-child cohorts","volume":"222","author":"Montazeri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.12.026","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants in Northern Tanzania and their distribution between breast milk, maternal blood, placenta and cord blood","volume":"170","author":"Muller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b04590","article-title":"Novel chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonates and legacy per-\/polyfluoroalkyl substances: placental transfer and relationship with serum albumin and glomerular filtration rate","volume":"51","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.07.006","article-title":"Exposure of Norwegian toddlers to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): the association with breastfeeding and maternal PFAS concentrations","volume":"94","author":"Papadopoulou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.05.045","article-title":"PFAS health effects database: protocol for a systematic evidence map","volume":"130","author":"Pelch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105244","article-title":"Multiple pathways of human exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs): from external exposure to human blood","volume":"134","author":"Poothong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139913","article-title":"Environmental levels and human body burdens of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances in Africa: a critical review","volume":"739","author":"Ssebugere","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-018-0094-1","article-title":"A review of the pathways of human exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and present understanding of health effects","volume":"29","author":"Sunderland","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-028775","article-title":"Cohort profile : Bandim health project's (BHP) rural health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS)\u2014a nationally representative HDSS in Guinea-Bissau","volume":"9","author":"Thysen","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP6517","article-title":"Serum perfluoroalkyl substances, vaccine responses, and morbidity in a cohort of Guinea-Bissau children","volume":"128","author":"Timmermann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2013.06.017","article-title":"Associations between socioeconomic status and environmental toxicant concentrations in adults in the USA: NHANES 2001\u20132010","volume":"59","author":"Tyrrell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib45","volume":"vol. 2022","author":"United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105413","article-title":"Levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in foods from the first regional Sub-Saharan Africa Total Diet Study","volume":"135","author":"Vaccher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emcon.2017.05.001","article-title":"Early life exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs): a critical review","volume":"3","author":"Winkens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerging Contaminants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2017.09.011","article-title":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in sera from children 3 to 11 years of age participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013\u20132014","volume":"221","author":"Ye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935123005765?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935123005765?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T18:28:01Z","timestamp":1762367281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935123005765"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0013935123005765"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Predictors of serum- per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) concentrations among infants in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115784","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115784"}}