{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T23:21:45Z","timestamp":1788564105479,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017691","name":"Guangxi Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021BCD002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021BCD002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22204124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22204124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003819","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022CFB613"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CFB613"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,9]],"date-time":"2023-07-09T09:32:43Z","timestamp":1688895163000},"page":"116604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"special_numbering":"C","title":["In-situ synthesis of magnetic iron-chitosan-derived biochar as an efficient persulfate activator for phenol degradation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"234","author":[{"given":"Ranran","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2374-6775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6325-3951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Si","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixuan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4095-412X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingpeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2018.09.056","article-title":"Surface-loaded metal nanoparticles for peroxymonosulfate activation: efficiency and mechanism reconnaissance","volume":"241","author":"Ahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Catal., B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153641","article-title":"Enhancing nitrate removal efficiency of micro-sized zero-valent iron by chitosan gel balls encapsulating","volume":"823","author":"An","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2019.03.048","article-title":"In-situ pyrolysis of Enteromorpha as carbocatalyst for catalytic removal of organic contaminants: considering the intrinsic N\/Fe in Enteromorpha and non-radical reaction","volume":"250","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Catal., B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.143842","article-title":"Insights into persulfate activation by FeO for phenol removal: the production and effect of Fe(IV)","volume":"468","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2011.09.011","article-title":"Systematic comparison of the size, surface characteristics and colloidal stability of zero valent iron nanoparticles pre- and post-grafted with common polymers","volume":"390","author":"Cirtiu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53788","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c15861","article-title":"Synergistic adsorption and oxidation of ciprofloxacin by biochar derived from metal-enriched phytoremediation plants: experimental and computational insights","volume":"12","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2022.104424","article-title":"Accelerated degradation of groundwater-containing malathion using persulfate activated magnetic Fe3O4\/graphene oxide nanocomposite for advanced water treatment","volume":"16","author":"Dolatabadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1021\/cs5017613","article-title":"N-Doping-Induced nonradical reaction on single-walled carbon nanotubes for catalytic phenol oxidation","volume":"5","author":"Duan","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4629","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.5b00774","article-title":"Insights into heterogeneous catalysis of persulfate activation on dimensional-structured nanocarbons","volume":"5","author":"Duan","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2016.03.034","article-title":"Surface-tailored nanodiamonds as excellent metal-free catalysts for organic oxidation","volume":"103","author":"Duan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138641","article-title":"Chitin-derived biochar with nitrogen doping to activate persulfate for phenol degradation: application potential and electron transfer pathway in system","volume":"330","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.12.062","article-title":"The use of zero-valent iron for groundwater remediation and wastewater treatment: a review","volume":"267","author":"Fu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.synthmet.2018.12.020","article-title":"Facile synthesis and microwave absorption performance of coated carbon nanotubes by porous Fe3O4@C nanorods","volume":"248","author":"Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Synth. Met."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8318","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c01131","article-title":"Unraveling the high-activity origin of single-atom iron catalysts for organic pollutant oxidation via peroxymonosulfate activation","volume":"55","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.11.197","article-title":"Activation of peroxymonosulfate by magnetic carbon supported Prussian blue nanocomposite for the degradation of organic contaminants with singlet oxygen and superoxide radicals","volume":"218","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.07.043","article-title":"Persulfate activation with sawdust biochar in aqueous solution by enhanced electron donor-transfer effect","volume":"690","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.129297","article-title":"Activation of persulfates by carbonaceous materials: a review","volume":"418","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2016.09.044","article-title":"Fenton-like catalytic oxidation of tetracycline by AC@Fe3O4 as a heterogeneous persulfate activator: adsorption and degradation studies","volume":"45","author":"Jonidi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.07.175","article-title":"Activation of persulfate by a novel Fe(II)-immobilized chitosan\/alginate composite for bisphenol A degradation","volume":"353","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.118625","article-title":"A review on the use of chitosan and chitosan derivatives as the bio-adsorbents for the water treatment: removal of nitrogen-containing pollutants","volume":"273","author":"Keshvardoostchokami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2020.117933","article-title":"Catalytic degradation and mineralization mechanism of 4-chlorophenol oxidized by phosphomolybdic acid\/H2O2","volume":"257","author":"Lei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.04.147","article-title":"Synthesis of novel core\u2013shell Fe0@Fe3O4 as heterogeneous activator of persulfate for oxidation of dibutyl phthalate under neutral conditions","volume":"301","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b05563","article-title":"Fe(III)-Doped g-C(3)N(4) mediated peroxymonosulfate activation for selective degradation of phenolic compounds via high-valent iron-oxo species","volume":"52","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2021.119260","article-title":"In-situ synthesis of highly dispersed Cu-CuxO nanoparticles on porous carbon for the enhanced persulfate activation for phenol degradation","volume":"276","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2004.01.029","article-title":"Persulfate oxidation for in situ remediation of TCE. I. Activated by ferrous ion with and without a persulfate-thiosulfate redox couple","volume":"55","author":"Liang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14857","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.0c04049","article-title":"Origin of the enhanced reusability and electron transfer of the carbon-coated Mn3O4 nanocube for persulfate activation","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.04.058","article-title":"Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions by a novel biochar supported nanoscale iron sulfide composite","volume":"322","author":"Lyu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.09.051","article-title":"Changes in activation energy and kinetics of heat-activated persulfate oxidation of phenol in response to changes in pH and temperature","volume":"189","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113601","article-title":"Fe(3)O(4)-CuO@Lignite activated coke activated persulfate advanced treatment of phenolic wastewater from coal chemical industry","volume":"213","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.06.033","article-title":"Fenton and Fenton-like oxidation of pesticide acetamiprid in water samples: kinetic study of the degradation and optimization using response surface methodology","volume":"93","author":"Mitsika","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1080\/19443994.2014.883327","article-title":"Phenol removal from industrial wastewaters: a short review","volume":"53","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Desalination Water Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-022-10808-z","article-title":"Response surface modeling of ceftriaxone removal from hospital wastewater","volume":"195","author":"Noudeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127270","article-title":"Sulfur-modified chitosan derived N,S-co-doped carbon as a bifunctional material for adsorption and catalytic degradation sulfamethoxazole by persulfate","volume":"424","author":"Pang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2022.121359","article-title":"Free radicals-triggered reductive and oxidative degradation of highly chlorinated compounds via regulation of heat-activated persulfate by low-molecular-weight organic acids","volume":"310","author":"Qu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Catal., B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2022.121639","article-title":"Ball milling-assisted preparation of N-doped biochar loaded with ferrous sulfide as persulfate activator for phenol degradation: multiple active sites-triggered radical\/non-radical mechanism","volume":"316","author":"Qu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Catal., B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-1425(01)00574-1","article-title":"Infrared spectroscopy of goethite dehydroxylation: III. FT-IR microscopy of in situ study of the thermal transformation of goethite to hematite","volume":"58","author":"Ruan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.125474","article-title":"Colloidal activated carbon as a highly efficient bifunctional catalyst for phenol degradation","volume":"414","author":"Septian","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib39","article-title":"Activation of persulfate by heat, FeNPs, and Fe\/MnO2 for the advanced oxidation processes","volume":"385","author":"Shaeel Al","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.122004","article-title":"Removal of sulfamethoxazole from water via activation of persulfate by Fe3C@NCNTs including mechanism of radical and nonradical process","volume":"375","author":"Shang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib41","article-title":"Identification and regulation of active sites on nanodiamonds: establishing a highly efficient catalytic system for oxidation of organic contaminants","volume":"28","author":"Shao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110486","article-title":"Fe-based carbonitride as Fenton-like catalyst for the elimination of organic contaminants","volume":"198","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.02.208","article-title":"Oxidative degradation of chloroxylenol in aqueous solution by thermally activated persulfate: kinetics, mechanisms and toxicities","volume":"368","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.10.020","article-title":"Chloramphenicol removal by zero valent iron activated peroxymonosulfate system: kinetics and mechanism of radical generation","volume":"334","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124459","article-title":"Enhanced removals of micropollutants in binary organic systems by biomass derived porous carbon\/peroxymonosulfate","volume":"408","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.01.009","article-title":"Removal of As(III) and As(V) from aqueous solutions using nanoscale zero valent iron-reduced graphite oxide modified composites","volume":"268","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.122228","article-title":"Crucial roles of oxygen and superoxide radical in bisulfite-activated persulfate oxidation of bisphenol AF: mechanisms, kinetics and DFT studies","volume":"391","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114614","article-title":"CuO nanosheets incorporated scrap steel slag coupled with persulfate catalysts for high-efficient degradation of sulfonamide from water","volume":"216","author":"Yin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2015.05.014","article-title":"Adsorption and removal of tetracycline from water by petroleum coke-derived highly porous activated carbon","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.07.092","article-title":"Adsorption for phosphate by crosslinked\/non-crosslinked-chitosan-Fe(III) complex sorbents: characteristic and mechanism","volume":"353","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116427","article-title":"Insight into efficient phosphorus removal\/recovery from enhanced methane production of waste activated sludge with chitosan-Fe supplementation","volume":"187","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.136289","article-title":"Effective removal of two fluoroquinolone antibiotics by PEG-4000 stabilized nanoscale zero-valent iron supported onto zeolite (PZ-NZVI)","volume":"710","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.128829","article-title":"Activation of peroxymonosulfate by biochar-based catalysts and applications in the degradation of organic contaminants: a review","volume":"416","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib54","first-page":"357","article-title":"Persulfate activation on crystallographic manganese oxides: mechanism of singlet oxygen evolution for nonradical selective degradation of aqueous contaminants","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.06.006","article-title":"Catalytic oxidation of clofibric acid by peroxydisulfate activated with wood-based biochar: effect of biochar pyrolysis temperature, performance and mechanism","volume":"374","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.02.011","article-title":"Iron sludge-derived magnetic Fe0\/Fe3C catalyst for oxidation of ciprofloxacin via peroxymonosulfate activation","volume":"365","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10885","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TA02738E","article-title":"Alginate\/graphene double-network nanocomposite hydrogel beads with low-swelling, enhanced mechanical properties, and enhanced adsorption capacity","volume":"4","author":"Zhuang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.04.002","article-title":"Activation of peroxymonosulfate by sp2-hybridized microalgae-derived carbon for ciprofloxacin degradation: importance of pyrolysis temperature","volume":"370","author":"Zou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935123014081?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935123014081?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T17:17:59Z","timestamp":1769879879000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935123014081"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":57,"alternative-id":["S0013935123014081"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"In-situ synthesis of magnetic iron-chitosan-derived biochar as an efficient persulfate activator for phenol degradation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116604","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116604"}}