{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:59:01Z","timestamp":1793228341598,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004895","name":"European Social Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RYC2020-028936-I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RYC2020-028936-I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J7-3155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J7-3155"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L1-9191"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L1-9191"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L2-4427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L2-4427"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L7-4422"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L7-4422"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N1-0143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N1-0143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P1-0143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P1-0143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\/ AEI \/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\/ AEI \/10.13039\/501100011033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T20:56:47Z","timestamp":1693515407000},"page":"117061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"P2","title":["Screening for new psychoactive substances in wastewater from educational institutions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"237","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2618-033X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taja","family":"Verov\u0161ek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9763-8737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Celma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8754-6978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ester","family":"Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e9lix","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7005-8775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lubertus","family":"Bijlsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib1","first-page":"283","article-title":"Aspects of Substance displacement - from illicit drugs to novel psychoactive substance","volume":"7","author":"Andersson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Addiction Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139209","article-title":"Determining changes in new psychoactive substance use in Australia by wastewater analysis","volume":"731","author":"Bade","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib3","article-title":"Global surveillance of new psychoactive substances","volume":"19","author":"Bade","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water Res. X"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib4","article-title":"Origins of N-formylmethamphetamine and N-acetylmethamphetamine in methamphetamine produced by the hydriodic acid and red phosphorus reduction of pseudoephedrine","volume":"13","author":"Barnes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forensic Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coesh.2019.03.002","article-title":"Monitoring new psychoactive substances use through wastewater analysis: current situation, challenges and limitations","volume":"9","author":"Bijlsma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Environ. Sci. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2020.08.058","article-title":"Perspectives and challenges associated with the determination of new psychoactive substances in urine and wastewater\u2013A tutorial","volume":"1145","author":"Bijlsma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal Chem Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110762","article-title":"Wastewater-based epidemiology to assess the occurrence of new psychoactive substances and alcohol consumption in Slovakia","volume":"200","author":"Brandeburov\u00e1","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.116983","article-title":"New psychoactive substances in several European populations assessed by wastewater-based epidemiology","volume":"195","author":"Castiglioni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib9","series-title":"Central Database of Pharmaceuticals 2 = Centralna Baza Zdravil 2","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2019.05.051","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of new psychoactive substances and illicit drugs in sewage: potential of micro-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in wastewater-based epidemiology","volume":"1602","author":"Celma","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15120","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c05713","article-title":"Improving target and suspect screening high-resolution mass spectrometry workflows in environmental analysis by ion mobility separation","volume":"54","author":"Celma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157700","article-title":"The major constituent of the anxiolytic kava extract, potentiates gabaa receptors: functional characteristics and molecular mechanism","volume":"11","author":"Chua","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib13","first-page":"20","article-title":"Adding a new separation dimension to MS and LC\u2013MS: what is the utility of ion mobility spectrometry?","author":"D'Atri","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Separ. Sci."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib14","article-title":"Decree amending the Decree on the classification of illicit drugs (Uredba o dopolnitvah Uredbe o razvrstitvi prepovedanih drog)","volume":"157","author":"Decree","year":"2020","journal-title":"Uradni list RS, \u0161t"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.03978.x","article-title":"Random student drug testing as a school-based drug prevention strategy","volume":"108","author":"Dupont","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib16","series-title":"European Drug Report 2021: Trends and Developments, the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib17","series-title":"New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib18","series-title":"European Drug Report 2022: Trends and Developments, the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib19","series-title":"The European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs Data Visualisation Tool","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95633","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO02093E","article-title":"Over a century since ephedrine discovery: an updated revisit to its pharmacological aspects, functionality and toxicity in comparison to its herbal extracts","volume":"12","author":"Gad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.12.043","article-title":"Analysis of drugs of abuse by online SPE-LC high resolution mass spectrometry: communal assessment of consumption","volume":"511","author":"Heuett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-022-03224-2","article-title":"Developments in high-resolution mass spectrometric analyses of new psychoactive substances","volume":"96","author":"Klingberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1558295","article-title":"German kava ban lifted by court: the alleged hepatotoxicity of kava (piper methysticum) as a case of Ill-Defined herbal drug identity, lacking quality control, and misguided regulatory politics","volume":"81","author":"Kuchta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib25","series-title":"National Forensic Laboratory, Chemical Examination Section","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib26","series-title":"Report on the Drug Situation 2019 of the Republic of Slovenia","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib27","series-title":"Report on the Drug Situation 2021 of the Republic of Slovenia","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib28","series-title":"The Use of Illicit Drugs, Cannabis for Health Purposes and Abuse of Prescription Medicines Among the Population of Slovenia \u2013 Abstract (Nacionalna Raziskava O Tobaku, Alkoholu in Drugih Drogah)","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib29","series-title":"Determination of Psychoactive Substances in 2021 (Dolo\u010danje Psihoaktivnih Snovi V Letu 2021)","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6024","DOI":"10.1021\/es100779n","article-title":"Sampling for pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and illicit drugs in wastewater systems: are your conclusions valid? A critical review","volume":"44","author":"Ort","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib31","series-title":"Illicit Drugs in the Environment: Occurrence, Analysis, and Fate Using Mass Spectrometry","first-page":"321","article-title":"Measurement of illicit drug consumption in small populations: prognosis for non-invasive drug testing of student populations","author":"Panawennage","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.11.039","article-title":"Sewage epidemiology and illicit drug research: the development of ethical research guidelines","volume":"472","author":"Prichard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib33","series-title":"Database on Chemical Information","author":"PubChem","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.156982","article-title":"Nationwide investigation on the use of new psychoactive substances in Italy through urban wastewater analysis","volume":"843","author":"Salgueiro-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib35","series-title":"SANTE\/11312\/2021, Analytical Quality Control and Method Validation Procedures for Pesticide Residues Analysis in Food and Feed","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-011-9658-2","article-title":"Student drug testing in the context of positive and negative school climates: results from a national survey","volume":"41","author":"Sznitman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib37","series-title":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Early Warning Advisory on New Psychoactive Substances","author":"UNODC","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3263","article-title":"NPS detection in prison: a systematic literature review of use, drug form, and analytical approaches","volume":"14","author":"Vaccaro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2014.06.006","article-title":"Monitoring substance use in prisons: assessing the potential value of wastewater analysis","volume":"54","author":"van Dyken","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Justice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.teac.2020.e00105","article-title":"Site- and event-specific wastewater-based epidemiology: current status and future perspectives","volume":"28","author":"Verov\u0161ek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Environ. Anal Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150013","article-title":"Investigation of drugs of abuse in educational institutions using wastewater analysis","volume":"799","author":"Verov\u0161ek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2021.107614","article-title":"Data in brief: dataset of residues of drugs of abuse in wastewaters from Educational Institutions","volume":"39","author":"Verov\u0161ek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Data Brief"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161257","article-title":"Removal of residues of psychoactive substances during wastewater treatment, their occurrence in receiving river waters and environmental risk assessment","volume":"866","author":"Verov\u0161ek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.030","article-title":"Illicit drug consumption in school populations measured by wastewater analysis","volume":"178","author":"Zuccato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935123018650?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935123018650?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T04:29:25Z","timestamp":1774931365000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935123018650"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0013935123018650"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Screening for new psychoactive substances in wastewater from educational institutions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117061","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117061"}}