{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T15:13:53Z","timestamp":1777562033439,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002954","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-ATE-043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-ATE-043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002954","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002954","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-ATE-0270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-ATE-0270"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002954","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T10:53:10Z","timestamp":1697885590000},"page":"117470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"P1","title":["Morphological and metabolic changes in microglia exposed to cadmium: Cues on neurotoxic mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"240","author":[{"given":"Federica","family":"Bovio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7186-6547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Perciballi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Melchioretto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9706-4654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matilde","family":"Forcella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Fusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3659-2883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Urani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.21.5.863","article-title":"Cadmium accumulation in aortas of smokers","volume":"21","author":"Abu-Hayyeh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib2","article-title":"Support document to the 2022 substance priority list (candidates for toxicological profiles) agency for toxic substances and disease registry division of toxicology and human health sciences","year":"2022","journal-title":"December"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib3","series-title":"Methods of Enzymatic Analysis","first-page":"427","article-title":"Enzymes as biochemical reagents","author":"Bergmeyer","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2018.11.006","article-title":"Microglia metabolism in health and disease","volume":"130","author":"Borst","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2021.105144","article-title":"Cadmium promotes glycolysis upregulation and glutamine dependency in human neuronal cells","volume":"149","author":"Bovio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9060492","article-title":"Cadmium-induced oxidative stress: focus on the central nervous system","volume":"9","author":"Branca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.001","article-title":"Mitochondrial generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide as the source of mitochondrial redox signaling","volume":"100","author":"Brand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(78)52032-6","article-title":"Microsomal lipid peroxidation","volume":"52","author":"Buege","year":"1978","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2020.08.001","article-title":"Microglia and lipids: how metabolism controls brain innate immunity","volume":"112","author":"Chausse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159950","article-title":"Long-term cadmium exposure impairs cognitive function by activating lnc-Gm10532\/m6A\/FIS1 axis-mediated mitochondrial fission and dysfunction","volume":"858","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031768","article-title":"Is cadmium toxicity tissue-specific? Toxicogenomics studies reveal common and specific pathways in pulmonary, hepatic, and neuronal cell models","volume":"23","author":"Forcella","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2019.11.002","article-title":"Neuronal specific and non-specific responses to cadmium possibly involved in neurodegeneration: a toxicogenomics study in a human neuronal cell model","volume":"76","author":"Forcella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib14","first-page":"10","article-title":"Cadmium levels and sources of exposure among Canadian adults","volume":"27","author":"Garner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heal. reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17113782","article-title":"The effects of cadmium toxicity","volume":"17","author":"Genchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7130","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)42083-8","article-title":"Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation","volume":"249","author":"Habig","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-017-2567-0","article-title":"[Metals and their compounds as contaminants in food : arsenic, cadmium, lead and aluminum]","volume":"60","author":"Hartwig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforsch. - Gesundheitsschutz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.14573\/altex.2009.2.83","article-title":"The suitability of BV2 cells as alternative model system for primary microglia cultures or for animal experiments examining brain inflammation","volume":"26","author":"Henn","year":"2009","journal-title":"ALTEX"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107528","article-title":"Environmental exposure to metals and the development of tauopathies, synucleinopathies, and TDP-43 proteinopathies: a systematic evidence map protocol","volume":"169","author":"Hester","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1159\/000017464","article-title":"Microglial cells in culture express a prominent glutathione system for the defense against reactive oxygen species","volume":"22","author":"Hirrlinger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8050680","article-title":"Caffeine modulates cadmium-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairments by regulating nrf-2\/HO-1 in vivo and in vitro","volume":"8","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440050109","article-title":"Reperfusion paradox: a novel mode of glial cell injury","volume":"5","author":"Kim-Lee","year":"1992","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0","article-title":"Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4","volume":"227","author":"Laemmli","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.006022","article-title":"Neuraminidase 1-mediated desialylation of the mucin 1 ectodomain releases a decoy receptor that protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection","volume":"294","author":"Lillehoj","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2854","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-022-03370-9","article-title":"JAK2\/STAT3 signaling pathway and klotho gene in cadmium-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo","volume":"201","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113491","article-title":"The effect of oxidative stress-induced autophagy by cadmium exposure in kidney, liver, and bone damage, and neurotoxicity","volume":"23","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2006.05.013","article-title":"Cadmium toxicity in animal cells by interference with essential metals","volume":"88","author":"Martelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/7389508","article-title":"Microglial activation in metal neurotoxicity: impact in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"2023","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2023","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3211","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-0827-z","article-title":"Environmental exposure to cadmium-a risk for health of the general population in industrialized countries and preventive strategies","volume":"25","author":"Mezynska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib31","article-title":"Heavy metal mediated progressive degeneration and its noxious effects on brain microenvironment","author":"Murumulla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib32","first-page":"531","article-title":"An overview on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cadmium","volume":"42","author":"Oggiano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci. Off. J. Ital. Neurol. Soc. Ital. Soc. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2020.129568","article-title":"Cadmium elicits alterations in mitochondrial morphology and functionality in C3H10T1\/2Cl8 mouse embryonic fibroblasts","volume":"1864","author":"Oldani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta - Gen. Subj."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203627","article-title":"Age-related accumulation of toxic metals in the human locus ceruleus","volume":"13","author":"Pamphlett","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-018-0266-4","article-title":"Quantitative proteomics of acutely-isolated mouse microglia identifies novel immune Alzheimer's disease-related proteins","volume":"13","author":"Rangaraju","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4322","article-title":"Environmental exposure of the general population to cadmium as a risk factor of the damage to the nervous system: a critical review of current data","volume":"43","author":"Ruczaj","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-011-9483-9","article-title":"Cadmium induces alterations in the human spinal cord morphogenesis","volume":"25","author":"Sarchielli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biometals an Int. J. role Met. ions Biol. Biochem. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib38","first-page":"2249","article-title":"A brief review on the effect of cadmium toxicity: from cellular to organ level","volume":"3","author":"Sarkar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Bio Technol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.3916","article-title":"Role of mineral nutrition in minimizing cadmium accumulation by plants","volume":"90","author":"Sarwar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19042327","article-title":"Associations between metal exposures and cognitive function in American older adults","volume":"19","author":"Sasaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1108383","article-title":"Urbanization, air pollution, and water pollution: identification of potential environmental risk factors associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using systematic reviews","author":"Saucier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(85)90442-7","article-title":"Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid","volume":"150","author":"Smith","year":"1985","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib43","first-page":"3","article-title":"Nasal toxicity, carcinogenicity, and olfactory uptake of metals","volume":"31","author":"Sunderman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152726","article-title":"Cadmium disrupts mitochondrial distribution and activates excessive mitochondrial fission by elevating cytosolic calcium independent of MCU-mediated mitochondrial calcium uptake in its neurotoxicity","volume":"453","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-019-00176-6","article-title":"Channels, transporters and receptors for cadmium and cadmium complexes in eukaryotic cells: myths and facts","volume":"32","author":"Th\u00e9venod","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2009.11.003","article-title":"Regulation of metallothioneins and ZnT-1 transporter expression in human hepatoma cells HepG2 exposed to zinc and cadmium","volume":"24","author":"Urani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/898034","article-title":"Cadmium and its neurotoxic effects","volume":"2013","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cotox.2021.03.006","article-title":"Heavy metals and adult neurogenesis","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(01)00520-2","article-title":"Antioxidant defense systems of two lipidopteran insect cell lines","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23724","article-title":"Cadmium induces mitochondrial dysfunction via SIRT1 suppression-mediated oxidative stress in neuronal cells","volume":"38","author":"Wen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2019.08.013","article-title":"Microglia as dynamic cellular mediators of brain function","volume":"25","author":"Wright-Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib52","article-title":"Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin signaling pathway is strongly implicated in cadmium-induced developmental neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation: clues from zebrafish neurobehavior and in vivo neuroimaging","volume":"23","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfm106","article-title":"Cadmium-induced toxicity in rat primary mid-brain neuroglia cultures: role of oxidative stress from microglia","volume":"98","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935123022740?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935123022740?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:35:15Z","timestamp":1777401315000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935123022740"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0013935123022740"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Morphological and metabolic changes in microglia exposed to cadmium: Cues on neurotoxic mechanisms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117470","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117470"}}