{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:45:45Z","timestamp":1786988745137,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017543","name":"Ogallala Aquifer Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005621","name":"Kasetsart University Research and Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T19:20:23Z","timestamp":1698780023000},"page":"117486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"P2","title":["Persulfate activation using leonardite char-supported nano zero-valent iron composites for styrene-contaminated soil and water remediation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"240","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2380-4752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athaphon","family":"Angkaew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanat","family":"Chokejaroenrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matura","family":"Angkaew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tunlawit","family":"Satapanajaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6489-1373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chainarong","family":"Sakulthaew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3402","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NJ04955J","article-title":"Highly ordered mesoporous flower-like NiO nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic performance","volume":"44","author":"Abboud","year":"2020","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s10800-019-01367-2","article-title":"Electrochemical synthesis of thin-layered graphene oxide-poly(CTAB) composite for detection of morphine","volume":"50","author":"Abraham","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Electrochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2011.08.044","article-title":"Removal of styrene from petrochemical wastewater using pervaporation process","volume":"284","author":"Aliabadi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.6935","article-title":"Styrene bioconversion by Pseudomonas putida utilizing a non-aqueous phase for polyhydroxyalkanoate production","volume":"97","author":"Alonso-Campos","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib5","first-page":"11","article-title":"Final report on the safety assessment of benzaldehyde","volume":"25","author":"Andersen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2018.102858","article-title":"UV-activated persulfate oxidation of 17\u03b2-estradiol: implications for discharge water remediation","volume":"7","author":"Angkaew","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib7","first-page":"235","article-title":"Nanoscale zero-valent iron for aqueous lead removal","volume":"2","author":"Bagbi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10937404.2019.1633718","article-title":"Evaluation of potential health effects associated with occupational and environmental exposure to styrene \u2013 an update","volume":"22","author":"Banton","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, Part B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11269","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b02480","article-title":"Removal of antibiotic florfenicol by sulfide-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron","volume":"51","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2013.11.083","article-title":"Removal of arsenic from aqueous solution by adsorption on Leonardite","volume":"240","author":"Chammui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1039\/C3RA46203J","article-title":"Modifying graphite oxide nanostructures in various media by high-energy irradiation","volume":"4","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20672","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-7311-z","article-title":"Combined remediation of pyrene-contaminated soil with a coupled system of persulfate oxidation and phytoremediation with ryegrass","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2023.009","article-title":"Review on the degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons by persulfate activated with zero-valent iron-based materials","volume":"87","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.2c05001","article-title":"Catalytic conversion of styrene to benzaldehyde over S-scheme photocatalysts by singlet oxygen","volume":"13","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.02.016","article-title":"Non-photochemical production of singlet oxygen via activation of persulfate by carbon nanotubes","volume":"113","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11091261","article-title":"Enrofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole sorption on carbonized leonardite: kinetics, isotherms, influential effects, and antibacterial activity toward S. aureus ATCC 25923","volume":"11","author":"Chokejaroenrat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10800-013-0616-4","article-title":"Electrosorption on activated biochar: effect of thermo-chemical activation treatment on the electric double layer capacitance","volume":"44","author":"Dehkhoda","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Electrochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.07.062","article-title":"Synthesis of the magnetic biochar composites for use as an adsorbent for the removal of pentachlorophenol from the effluent","volume":"169","author":"Devi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2017.03.002","article-title":"Stabilization of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) with modified biochar for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solution","volume":"332","author":"Dong","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/901842","article-title":"Electrochemical fabrication of shape-controlled copper hierarchical structures assisted by surfactants","author":"Dong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nanomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2019.118250","article-title":"Scalable synthesis of Ca-doped \u03b1-Fe2O3 with abundant oxygen vacancies for enhanced degradation of organic pollutants through peroxymonosulfate activation","volume":"262","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2021.736285","article-title":"Preparation of sepiolite nanofibers supported zero valent iron composite material for catalytic removal of tetracycline in aqueous solution","volume":"9","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib23","article-title":"Isotherms for the sorption of lead onto peat: comparison of linear and non-linear methods","volume":"15","author":"Ho","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pol. J. Environ. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.127078","article-title":"A critical review on the mechanisms of persulfate activation by iron-based materials: clarifying some ambiguity and controversies","volume":"407","author":"Hou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-015-2583-3","article-title":"Synthesis and application of modified zero-valent iron nanoparticles for removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewater","volume":"226","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.124936","article-title":"Defect-rich carbon based bimetallic oxides with abundant oxygen vacancies as highly active catalysts for enhanced 4-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester (ABEE) degradation toward peroxymonosulfate activation","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2021.102240","article-title":"Optimisation of preparation conditions and removal mechanism for trivalent antimony by biochar-supported nano zero-valent iron","volume":"26","author":"Ji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Technol. Innov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330802468848","article-title":"Effect of pH on Fenton and fenton\u2010like oxidation","volume":"30","author":"Jung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ.l Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2016.02.055","article-title":"Simple and versatile one-step synthesis of FeS2 nanoparticles by ultrasonic irradiation","volume":"470","author":"Khabbaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3625","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b05847","article-title":"Activation of persulfate by nanosized zero-valent iron (NZVI): mechanisms and transformation products of NZVI","volume":"52","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201903045","article-title":"Effect of continuous capacity rising performed by FeS\/Fe3C\/C composite electrodes for lithium-ion batteries","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33234","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-09390-z","article-title":"Cellulose-based adsorbents loaded with zero-valent iron for removal of metal ions from contaminated water","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2020.01.032","article-title":"Visible light induced efficient activation of persulfate by a carbon quantum dots (CQDs) modified \u03b3-Fe2O3 catalyst","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121240","article-title":"Biochar-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron as an efficient catalyst for organic degradation in groundwater","volume":"383","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2006.08.028","article-title":"Influences of carbonate and chloride ions on persulfate oxidation of trichloroethylene at 20 \u00b0C","volume":"370","author":"Liang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1021\/es970648k","article-title":"Catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide on iron oxide: kinetics, mechanism, and implications","volume":"32","author":"Lin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37448","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-13322-w","article-title":"Feasibility of nanoscale zerovalent iron-loaded sediment-based biochar (nZVI-SBC) for simultaneous removal of nitrate and phosphate: high selectivity toward dinitrogen and synergistic mechanism","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/19443994.2012.677408","article-title":"Characterization of bio-char from pyrolysis of wheat straw and its evaluation on methylene blue adsorption","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Desalination Water Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/w12102909","article-title":"Heterogeneous fenton-like catalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by nano-scale zero-valent iron assembled on magnetite nanoparticles","volume":"12","author":"Lv","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-006-0443-1","article-title":"Microbial degradation of styrene: biochemistry, molecular genetics, and perspectives for biotechnological applications","volume":"72","author":"Mooney","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib41","first-page":"7548","article-title":"Remediation of phenanthrene-contaminated soil by simultaneous persulfate chemical oxidation and biodegradation processes","volume":"21","author":"Mora","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2020.118156","article-title":"Tetracycline degradation by persulfate activated with magnetic \u03b3-Fe2O3\/CeO2 catalyst: performance, activation mechanism and degradation pathway","volume":"259","author":"Niu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2019.11.018","article-title":"Flower-shaped ZnO nanomaterials for low-temperature operations in NOX gas sensors","volume":"46","author":"Nundy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.04.032","article-title":"Degradation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene by persulfate activated with zero-valent iron","volume":"408","author":"Oh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.07.037","article-title":"Persulfate activation by oxidation biochar supported magnetite particles for tetracycline removal: performance and degradation pathway","volume":"235","author":"Pi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2021.106759","article-title":"A rapid extraction of toxic styrene from water and wastewater samples based on hydroxyethyl methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate immobilized on MWCNTs by ultra-assisted dispersive cyclic conjugation-micro-solid phase extraction","volume":"170","author":"Rakhtshah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib47","first-page":"18","volume":"1","author":"Safarzadeh-Amiri","year":"1996","journal-title":"The Use of Iron in Advanced Oxidation Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-020-04974-4","article-title":"Leonardite-Derived biochar suitability for effective sorption of herbicides. Water, air","volume":"232","author":"Sakulthaew","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soil Pollut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9733","DOI":"10.1038\/srep09733","article-title":"Facile and sustainable synthesis of shaped iron oxide nanoparticles: effect of iron precursor salts on the shapes of iron oxides","volume":"5","author":"Sayed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/10643380802039303","article-title":"In situ chemical oxidation of contaminated soil and groundwater using persulfate: a review","volume":"40","author":"Tsitonaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(00)00011-4","article-title":"Replacement of H2O2 by O2 in Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions","volume":"41","author":"Utset","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34229","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-13972-w","article-title":"Modified nanoscale zero-valent iron in persulfate activation for organic pollution remediation: a review","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126106","article-title":"Activation of persulfate by green nano-zero-valent iron-loaded biochar for the removal of p-nitrophenol: performance, mechanism and variables effects","volume":"417","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2022.122631","article-title":"Ultrafast removal of Cr(VI) by chitosan coated biochar-supported nano zero-valent iron aerogel from aqueous solution: application performance and reaction mechanism","volume":"306","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib55","first-page":"1544","article-title":"The double influence mechanism of pH on arsenic removal by nano zero valent iron: electrostatic interactions and the corrosion of Fe0","volume":"4","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.: Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126949","article-title":"Role of sulfide-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron on carbon nanotubes in nonradical activation of peroxydisulfate","volume":"422","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.01.136","article-title":"Insights into atrazine degradation by persulfate activation using composite of nanoscale zero-valent iron and graphene: performances and mechanisms","volume":"341","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/w14172734","article-title":"Development of vitamin B6-mediated biochar with nano zero-valent iron coating for oxytetracycline removal through adsorption and degradation under harsh acidic conditions","volume":"14","author":"Xin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TA05483K","article-title":"Preparation of highly photoluminescent sulfur-doped carbon dots for Fe(iii) detection","volume":"3","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reffit.2016.11.004","article-title":"Vacuum pyrolysed biochar for soil amendment","volume":"2","author":"Yadav","year":"2016","journal-title":"Resource-Efficient Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.10.103","article-title":"Biochar supported nanoscale zerovalent iron composite used as persulfate activator for removing trichloroethylene","volume":"175","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18528","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-2077-0","article-title":"Effective sorption of atrazine by biochar colloids and residues derived from different pyrolysis temperatures","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.125811","article-title":"Mechanistic insights into adsorptive and oxidative removal of monochlorobenzene in biochar-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron\/persulfate system","volume":"400","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119661","article-title":"Dual effects of nZVI on maize growth and water use are positively mediated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi via rhizosphere interactions","volume":"308","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2014.12.092","article-title":"Degradation of p-chloroaniline by persulfate activated with ferrous sulfide ore particles","volume":"268","author":"Yuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24309","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-17713-x","article-title":"Carbon matrix of biochar from biomass modeling components facilitates electron transfer from zero-valent iron to Cr(VI)","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10292","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-04479-6","article-title":"Impact of biochar-supported zerovalent iron nanocomposite on the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-022-02565-z","article-title":"Toxicity of zero-valent iron nanoparticles to soil organisms and the associated defense mechanisms: a review","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.05.085","article-title":"Kinetic and mechanistic investigation of azathioprine degradation in water by UV, UV\/H2O2 and UV\/persulfate","volume":"302","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.partic.2012.03.004","article-title":"Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of NiS flower-like architectures","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Particuology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.122528","article-title":"Facile synthesis of superparamagnetic \u03b2-CD-MnFe2O4 as a peroxymonosulfate activator for efficient removal of 2,4- dichlorophenol: structure, performance, and mechanism","volume":"394","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.04.213","article-title":"Persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for organic-contaminated soil remediation: a review","volume":"372","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b04669","article-title":"Persulfate activation on crystallographic manganese oxides: mechanism of singlet oxygen evolution for nonradical selective degradation of aqueous contaminants","volume":"53","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s12034-011-0223-0","article-title":"Flower-like CuO synthesized by CTAB-assisted hydrothermal method","volume":"34","author":"Zou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull. Mater. Sci."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935123022909?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935123022909?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T03:13:46Z","timestamp":1762139626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935123022909"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":74,"alternative-id":["S0013935123022909"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Persulfate activation using leonardite char-supported nano zero-valent iron composites for styrene-contaminated soil and water remediation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117486","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117486"}}