{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T11:10:40Z","timestamp":1793877040620,"version":"4.7.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Shanghai Municipality Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013277","name":"National Clinical Key Specialty Project Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013277","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013290","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013290","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T01:19:27Z","timestamp":1714699167000},"page":"119054","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"P3","title":["Differential associations of fine and coarse particulate air pollution with cause-specific pneumonia mortality: A nationwide, individual-level, case-crossover study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"252","author":[{"given":"Ye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinglin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xunliang","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunning","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0751-1722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xia","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1871-8999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haidong","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maigeng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9448-0820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renjie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2006.03.031","article-title":"Approaching PM(2.5) and PM(2.5-10) source apportionment by mass balance analysis, principal component analysis and particle size distribution","volume":"368","author":"Almeida","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00001805","article-title":"Epidemiological evidence of effects of coarse airborne particles on health","volume":"26","author":"Brunekreef","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2011.08.058","article-title":"Coarse particles and mortality in three Chinese cities: the China air pollution and health effects study (CAPES)","volume":"409","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11859","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b02527","article-title":"Fine particulate matter constituents, nitric oxide synthase DNA methylation and exhaled nitric oxide","volume":"49","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.10.004","article-title":"The impact of ambient fine particles on influenza transmission and the modification effects of temperature in China: a multi-city study","volume":"98","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201609-1862OC","article-title":"Fine particulate air pollution and daily mortality. A nationwide analysis in 272 Chinese cities","volume":"196","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP2711","article-title":"Associations between coarse particulate matter air pollution and cause-specific mortality: a nationwide analysis in 272 Chinese cities","volume":"127","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057179","article-title":"Hourly air pollutants and acute coronary syndrome onset in 1.29 million patients","volume":"145","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-019-0520-4","article-title":"Ambient air pollution is associated with pediatric pneumonia: a time-stratified case-crossover study in an urban area","volume":"18","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s41479-020-00066-3","article-title":"Promoting the use of social networks in pneumonia","volume":"12","author":"Cill\u00f3niz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pneumonia (Nathan)"},{"issue":"Suppl. 5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib11","first-page":"1053","article-title":"Bioavailable transition metals in particulate matter mediate cardiopulmonary injury in healthy and compromised animal models","volume":"105","author":"Costa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.05.044","article-title":"Particulate matter exposure increases JC polyomavirus replication in the human host","volume":"241","author":"Dolci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adf2165","article-title":"Airborne fine particles drive H1N1 viruses deep into the lower respiratory tract and distant organs","volume":"9","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33s","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.109.3_Supplement.33S-a","article-title":"Soluble transition metals mediate the acute pulmonary injury and airway hyperreactivity induced by residual oil fly ash particles","volume":"109","author":"Dreher","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480252814207","article-title":"An explanation for the seasonality of acute upper respiratory tract viral infections","volume":"122","author":"Eccles","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.179","article-title":"Air pollution and its effects on the immune system","volume":"151","author":"Glencross","year":"2020","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.4.825","article-title":"Associations of cold temperatures with GP consultations for respiratory and cardiovascular disease amongst the elderly in London","volume":"31","author":"Hajat","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104854","article-title":"Differentiating the impacts of ambient temperature on pneumonia mortality of various infectious causes: a nationwide, individual-level, case-crossover study","volume":"98","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A187","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.12737","article-title":"Health impact of outdoor air pollution in China: current knowledge and future research needs","volume":"117","author":"Kan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5545","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05862-4","article-title":"Airborne bacterial communities in three East asian cities of China, South Korea, and Japan","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyad056","article-title":"Fine and coarse particulate air pollution and hospital admissions for a wide range of respiratory diseases: a nationwide case-crossover study","volume":"52","author":"Lei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31278-2","article-title":"Active case finding with case management: the key to tackling the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"396","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.107967","article-title":"Mortality burden due to ambient nitrogen dioxide pollution in China: application of high-resolution models","volume":"176","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106752","article-title":"Urbanization, ambient air pollution, and prevalence of chronic kidney disease: a nationwide cross-sectional study","volume":"156","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e235","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2012","article-title":"Coarse particulate matter and hospitalization for respiratory infections in children younger than 15 years in Toronto: a case-crossover analysis","volume":"116","author":"Lin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.05.022","article-title":"Fine particulate matter components and emergency department visits among a privately insured population in Greater Houston","volume":"566\u2013567","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.15.153148","article-title":"An integrated national mortality surveillance system for death registration and mortality surveillance, China","volume":"94","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1817364","article-title":"Ambient particulate air pollution and daily mortality in 652 cities","volume":"381","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.033","article-title":"Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and mortality from myocardial infarction","volume":"77","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202111-2657OC","article-title":"Coarse particulate air pollution and daily mortality: a global study in 205 cities","volume":"206","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.21.1.193","article-title":"Should we use a case-crossover design?","volume":"21","author":"Maclure","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2020.112203","article-title":"Estimating PM(2.5) concentrations in Northeastern China with full spatiotemporal coverage, 2005-2016","volume":"253","author":"Meng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.118865","article-title":"Evaluating the spatiotemporal ozone characteristics with high-resolution predictions in mainland China, 2013-2019","volume":"299","author":"Meng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.18.2172","article-title":"Coarse particulate matter air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases among Medicare patients","volume":"299","author":"Peng","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-205429","article-title":"Coarse particulate matter associated with increased risk of emergency hospital admissions for pneumonia in Hong Kong","volume":"69","author":"Qiu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61459-6","article-title":"Viral pneumonia","volume":"377","author":"Ruuskanen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200001000-00004","article-title":"Fine particles are more strongly associated than coarse particles with acute respiratory health effects in schoolchildren","volume":"11","author":"Schwartz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.9428","article-title":"Childhood pneumonia","volume":"318","author":"Shah","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.158624","article-title":"Optimizing modeling windows to better capture the long-term variation of PM(2.5) concentrations in China during 2005-2019","volume":"854","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Vos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-26047-8","article-title":"Evaluation of IMERG and ERA5 precipitation products over the Mongolian Plateau","volume":"12","author":"Xin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.132412","article-title":"Criteria air pollutants and diabetes mortality classified by different subtypes and complications: a nationwide, case-crossover study","volume":"460","author":"Yin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-10065-0","article-title":"Ambient air pollutants and hospital visits for pneumonia: a case-crossover study in Qingdao, China","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Publ. Health"}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935124009587?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935124009587?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T01:03:35Z","timestamp":1733965415000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935124009587"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0013935124009587"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Differential associations of fine and coarse particulate air pollution with cause-specific pneumonia mortality: A nationwide, individual-level, case-crossover study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119054","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"119054"}}