{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T02:42:03Z","timestamp":1793673723021,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 MD016595"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MD016595"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005492","name":"Stanford University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 ES031259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 ES031259"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K99 ES035109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K99 ES035109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T11:49:47Z","timestamp":1741348187000},"page":"121347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Chemical and climatic environmental exposures and epigenetic aging: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"274","author":[{"given":"Raj P.","family":"Fadadu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0046-5767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne K.","family":"Bozack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2284-3298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andres","family":"Cardenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2022.109363","article-title":"Lifetime marijuana use and epigenetic age acceleration: a 17-year prospective examination","volume":"233","author":"Allen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107501","article-title":"Life-course exposure to air pollution and biological ageing in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936","volume":"169","author":"Baranyi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-019-1824-y","article-title":"DNA methylation aging clocks: challenges and recommendations","volume":"20","author":"Bell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib4","article-title":"Quantification of the pace of biological aging in humans through a blood test, the DunedinPoAm DNA methylation algorithm","volume":"vol. 9","author":"Belsky","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.73420","article-title":"DunedinPACE, a DNA methylation biomarker of the pace of aging","volume":"11","author":"Belsky","year":"2022","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108041","article-title":"Household air pollution and epigenetic aging in Xuanwei, China","volume":"178","author":"Blechter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxu058","article-title":"Bayesian kernel machine regression for estimating the health effects of multi-pollutant mixtures","volume":"16","author":"Bobb","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-1063-4","article-title":"Prediction of gestational age based on genome-wide differentially methylated regions","volume":"17","author":"Bohlin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108064","article-title":"Metal mixtures and DNA methylation measures of biological aging in American Indian populations","volume":"178","author":"Boyer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/eep\/dvac014","article-title":"The impact of prenatal and early-life arsenic exposure on epigenetic age acceleration among adults in Northern Chile","volume":"8","author":"Bozack","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Epigenetics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3107","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.205602","article-title":"Associations of prenatal one-carbon metabolism nutrients and metals with epigenetic aging biomarkers at birth and in childhood in a US cohort","volume":"16","author":"Bozack","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-019-0761-7","article-title":"Epigenetic gestational age and trajectories of weight and height during childhood: a prospective cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Bright","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenet."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4277","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08160-w","article-title":"Epigenome-wide association study and epigenetic age acceleration associated with cigarette smoking among Costa Rican adults","volume":"12","author":"Cardenas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.09.011","article-title":"Climate change and epigenetic biomarkers in allergic and airway diseases","volume":"152","author":"Cardenas","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101020","article-title":"DNA methylation-based measures of biological age: meta-analysis predicting time to death","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E327","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(21)00087-8","article-title":"Epigenetic age acceleration in the emerging burden of cardiometabolic diseases among migrant and non-migrant African populations: the population based cross-sectional RODAM study","volume":"2","author":"Chilunga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib17","unstructured":"Covidence - Better systematic review management. Covidence. Accessed August 18, 2024. https:\/\/www.covidence.org\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106683","article-title":"The early-life exposome and epigenetic age acceleration in children","volume":"155","author":"de Prado-Bert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/eep\/dvx006","article-title":"Cadmium exposure and age-associated DNA methylation changes in non-smoking women from northern Thailand","volume":"3","author":"Demanelis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Epigenetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-018-0203-2","article-title":"DNA methylation age \u2013 environmental influences, health impacts, and its role in environmental epidemiology","volume":"5","author":"Dhingra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Environ Health Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207834","article-title":"Evaluating DNA methylation age on the illumina MethylationEPIC bead chip","volume":"14","author":"Dhingra","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics9120338","article-title":"Early pregnancy exposure to ambient air pollution among late-onset preeclamptic cases is associated with placental DNA hypomethylation of specific genes and slower placental maturation","volume":"9","author":"Engstr\u00f6m","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4890","article-title":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance toxicity and human health review: current state of knowledge and strategies for informing future research","volume":"40","author":"Fenton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12876","article-title":"Accelerated hippocampal biological aging in bipolar disorder","volume":"22","author":"Fries","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14690","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c05534","article-title":"Short-term exposure of PM2.5 and epigenetic aging: a quasi-experimental study","volume":"56","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-023-01503-y","article-title":"Traffic-related air pollution and supplemental folic acid intake in relation to DNA methylation in granulosa cells","volume":"15","author":"Gaskins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169757","article-title":"Prenatal and childhood lead exposure is prospectively associated with biological markers of aging in adolescence","volume":"913","author":"Halabicky","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2012.10.016","article-title":"Genome-wide methylation profiles reveal quantitative views of human aging rates","volume":"49","author":"Hannum","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112577","article-title":"Prenatal lead exposure, telomere length in cord blood, and DNA methylation age in the PROGRESS prenatal cohort","volume":"205","author":"Herrera-Moreno","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-024-00683-3","article-title":"Challenges and recommendations for the translation of biomarkers of aging","volume":"4","author":"Herzog","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.53.3-4.289","article-title":"Environmental epigenetics and its implication on disease risk and health outcomes","volume":"53","author":"Ho","year":"2012","journal-title":"ILAR J."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"097008","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP8928","article-title":"Epigenome-wide DNA methylation and pesticide use in the agricultural lung health study","volume":"129","author":"Hoang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-018-0534-8","article-title":"Increased epigenetic age in normal breast tissue from luminal breast cancer patients","volume":"10","author":"Hofstatter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenet."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3156","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2013-14-10-r115","article-title":"DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types","volume":"14","author":"Horvath","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-018-0004-3","article-title":"DNA methylation-based biomarkers and the epigenetic clock theory of ageing","volume":"19","author":"Horvath","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101508","article-title":"Epigenetic clock for skin and blood cells applied to Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome and ex vivo studies","volume":"10","author":"Horvath","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.168380","article-title":"Exposure to metal mixtures and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"908","author":"Issah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4515928","article-title":"Infant's DNA methylation age at birth and epigenetic aging accelerators","volume":"2016","author":"Javed","year":"2016","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP11981","article-title":"Arsenic exposure and epigenetic aging: the association with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in the strong heart study","volume":"131","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.116.001506","article-title":"Epigenetic signatures of cigarette smoking","volume":"9","author":"Joehanes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.03.046","article-title":"Biological age predictors","volume":"21","author":"Jylh\u00e4v\u00e4","year":"2017","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-022-00220-0","article-title":"The relationship between epigenetic age and the hallmarks of aging in human cells","volume":"2","author":"Kabacik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-018-0520-1","article-title":"Epigenetic gestational age acceleration: a prospective cohort study investigating associations with familial, sociodemographic and birth characteristics","volume":"10","author":"Khouja","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenet."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-1068-z","article-title":"An epigenetic clock for gestational age at birth based on blood methylation data","volume":"17","author":"Knight","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108270","article-title":"Air pollution and epigenetic aging among Black and White women in the US","volume":"181","author":"Koenigsberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2020.1819662","article-title":"Sex-specific associations with DNA methylation in lung tissue demonstrate smoking interactions","volume":"16","author":"Koo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.02.028","article-title":"Epigenetic marks of prenatal air pollution exposure found in multiple tissues relevant for child health","volume":"126","author":"Ladd-Acosta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104154","article-title":"Appraising the causal role of smoking in multiple diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization studies","volume":"82","author":"Larsson","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4238","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102049","article-title":"Placental epigenetic clocks: estimating gestational age using placental DNA methylation levels","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101414","article-title":"An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan","volume":"10","author":"Levine","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP2773","article-title":"Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and accelerated DNA methylation aging","volume":"126","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.01.019","article-title":"High plasma organochlorine pesticide levels are related to increased biological age as calculated by DNA methylation analysis","volume":"113","author":"Lind","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/eep\/dvac018","article-title":"Serum lead, mercury, manganese, and copper and DNA methylation age among adults in Detroit, Michigan","volume":"8","author":"Lodge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Epigenetics"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5895","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102173","article-title":"DNA methylation-based estimator of telomere length","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101684","article-title":"DNA methylation GrimAge strongly predicts lifespan and healthspan","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108566","article-title":"Evidence of reduced gestational age in response to in utero arsenic exposure and implications for aging trajectories of the newborn","volume":"185","author":"Lumour-Mensah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-015-0584-6","article-title":"DNA methylation age of blood predicts all-cause mortality in later life","volume":"16","author":"Marioni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cotox.2021.03.005","article-title":"Metal mixtures and neurodevelopment: recent findings and emerging principles","volume":"26","author":"Merced-Nieves","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108109","article-title":"Associations between medium- and long-term exposure to air temperature and epigenetic age acceleration","volume":"178","author":"Ni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib62","article-title":"Prenatal exposures to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and epigenetic aging in umbilical cord blood: the Healthy Start study","volume":"231","author":"Niemiec","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/eep\/dvw006","article-title":"Long-term ambient particle exposures and blood DNA methylation age: findings from the VA normative aging study","volume":"2","author":"Nwanaji-Enwerem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Epigenetics"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8185","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b02409","article-title":"Impacts of the mitochondrial genome on the relationship of long-term ambient fine particle exposure with blood DNA methylation age","volume":"51","author":"Nwanaji-Enwerem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2017-0094","article-title":"miRNA processing gene polymorphisms, blood DNA methylation age and long-term ambient PM2.5 exposure in elderly men","volume":"9","author":"Nwanaji-Enwerem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.12.024","article-title":"Associations between long-term exposure to PM2.5 component species and blood DNA methylation age in the elderly: the VA normative aging study","volume":"102","author":"Nwanaji-Enwerem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101348","article-title":"A systematic review of biological, social and environmental factors associated with epigenetic clock acceleration","volume":"69","author":"Oblak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib68","article-title":"Urinary phthalate metabolites and their mixtures are associated with advanced sperm epigenetic aging in a general population","volume":"214","author":"Oluwayiose","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib69","unstructured":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Accessed August 18, 2024. https:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib70","article-title":"PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-016-0228-z","article-title":"Epigenetic age acceleration predicts cancer, cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality in a German case cohort","volume":"8","author":"Perna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib72","series-title":"Preventing Disease through Healthy Environments: A Global Assessment of the Burden of Disease from Environmental Risks","author":"Pr\u00fcss-Ust\u00fcn","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101168","article-title":"Epigenetic clock analysis of diet, exercise, education, and lifestyle factors","volume":"9","author":"Quach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-019-0713-2","article-title":"Air pollution and DNA methylation: effects of exposure in humans","volume":"11","author":"Rider","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenet."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glz099","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of environmental, lifestyle, and health factors associated with DNA methylation age","volume":"75","author":"Ryan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.07.047","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to traffic-related air pollution, the gestational epigenetic clock, and risk of early-life allergic sensitization","volume":"144","author":"Sbihi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"Pt D","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib77","article-title":"Epigenetic age stratifies the risk of blood pressure elevation related to short-term PM2.5 exposure in older adults","volume":"212","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107614","article-title":"Personal airborne chemical exposure and epigenetic ageing biomarkers in healthy Chinese elderly individuals: evidence from mixture approaches","volume":"170","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddv456","article-title":"Prenatal and early life influences on epigenetic age in children: a study of mother-offspring pairs from two cohort studies","volume":"25","author":"Simpkin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib80","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution and epigenetic aging at birth in newborns","volume":"13","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6984","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20216984","article-title":"Trends in serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) concentrations in teenagers and adults, 1999-2018 NHANES","volume":"20","author":"Sonnenberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23525","article-title":"Effects of chronic cobalt and chromium exposure after metal-on-metal hip resurfacing: an epigenome-wide association pilot study","volume":"35","author":"Steinberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Res Off Publ Orthop Res Soc"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7511","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19127511","article-title":"Recent insights into particulate matter (PM2.5)-Mediated toxicity in humans: an overview","volume":"19","author":"Thangavel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106871","article-title":"Epigenetic aging biomarkers and occupational exposure to benzene, trichloroethylene and formaldehyde","volume":"158","author":"van der Laan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14091724","article-title":"A review of the epigenetic clock: emerging biomarkers for asthma and allergic disease","volume":"14","author":"Vasileva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib86","article-title":"Associations of annual ambient PM(2.5) components with DNAm PhenoAge acceleration in elderly men: the Normative Aging Study","volume":"258","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Pollut Barking Essex 1987"},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74510","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.12903","article-title":"Long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with biological aging","volume":"7","author":"Ward-Caviness","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105071","article-title":"Air pollution, particulate matter composition and methylation-based biologic age","volume":"132","author":"White","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6060","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26196060","article-title":"Heavy metals and human health: possible exposure pathways and the competition for protein binding sites","volume":"26","author":"Witkowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-00759-9","article-title":"Accelerated epigenetic aging in older adults with HIV disease: associations with serostatus, HIV clinical factors, and health literacy","volume":"45","author":"Woods","year":"2023","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10031","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102399","article-title":"DNA methylation profile is a quantitative measure of biological aging in children","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-022-00569-3","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of environmental exposures and human disease","volume":"24","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116230","article-title":"The associations of multiple metals mixture with accelerated DNA methylation aging","volume":"269","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106148","article-title":"Associations between serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances and DNA methylation in women exposed through drinking water: a pilot study in Ronneby, Sweden","volume":"145","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/eep\/dvac004","article-title":"Perfluoroalkyl substances influence DNA methylation in school-age children highly exposed through drinking water contaminated from firefighting foam: a cohort study in Ronneby, Sweden","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Epigenetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-1064-3","article-title":"Correlation of an epigenetic mitotic clock with cancer risk","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Biol."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935125005985?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935125005985?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:13:57Z","timestamp":1791983637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935125005985"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":94,"alternative-id":["S0013935125005985"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Chemical and climatic environmental exposures and epigenetic aging: A systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121347","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121347"}}