{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T06:48:04Z","timestamp":1785912484539,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008730","name":"The Norwegian Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["222387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222387"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008730","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["308846"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["308846"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T21:26:37Z","timestamp":1742419597000},"page":"121407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Benzene exposure and risk of colorectal cancer by anatomical subsite in the Norwegian offshore petroleum workers cohort"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"276","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1266-4061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronnie","family":"Babigumira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2083-2758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marit B.","family":"Veier\u00f8d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inger K.","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1645-5582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leon A.M.","family":"Berge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nita K.","family":"Shala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3618-8522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niki","family":"Marjerrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven O.","family":"Samuelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0761-0728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magne","family":"Br\u00e5tveit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorunn","family":"Kirkeleit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4391-8642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl-Christian","family":"Nordby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4151-1133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H Dean","family":"Hosgood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Demers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roel","family":"Vermeulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4233-1890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"Kromhout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9268-4830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lawrence S.","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom I.L.","family":"Nilsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8894-0301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debra T.","family":"Silverman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1695-3282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa C.","family":"Friesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel","family":"Rothman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom K.","family":"Grimsrud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo S.","family":"Stenehjem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chemicals and industrial processes associated with cancer in humans. IARC Monographs, Volumes 1 to 20","author":"Althouse","year":"1979","journal-title":"IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risk Chem. Humans \u2013 Suppl."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2023-109139","article-title":"Benzene exposure and risk of lung cancer in the Norwegian Offshore Petroleum Worker cohort: a prospective case-cohort study","volume":"81","author":"Babigumira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009661900674","article-title":"Exposure stratified case-cohort designs","volume":"6","author":"Borgan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lifetime Data Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib4","series-title":"Supplementary Information to the Job Exposure Matrix for Benzene, Asbestos and Oil Mist\/oil Vapour Among Norwegian Offshore Workers","author":"Br\u00e5tveit","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10520295.2018.1493220","article-title":"Expression of CYP and GST in human normal and colon tumor tissues","volume":"94","author":"Bulus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biotech. Histochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib6","series-title":"Cancer in Norway 2023 - Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Survival and Prevalence in Norway","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700220303","article-title":"Occupational exposures and cancer of the colon and rectum","volume":"22","author":"De Verdier","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"issue":"10207","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32319-0","article-title":"Colorectal cancer","volume":"394","author":"Dekker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199808)34:2<144::AID-AJIM7>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Associations between several sites of cancer and occupational exposure to benzene, toluene, xylene, and styrene: results of a case-control study in Montreal","volume":"34","author":"G\u00e9rin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib10","first-page":"125","article-title":"Multiple-site carcinogenicity of benzene in Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice","volume":"82","author":"Huff","year":"1989","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib11","series-title":"Benzene IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Volume 120","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib12","first-page":"1","volume":"vol. 17","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib36","article-title":"Early-onset colorectal cancer incidence in Norway: a national registry-based study (1993-2022) analyzing subsite and morphology trends","volume":"7","author":"Ystgaard","year":"2025","journal-title":"ESMO Gastrointest. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib13","series-title":"List of classifications by cancer sites with sufficient or limited evidence in humans IARC Monographs Volumes 1\u2013137","year":"2024"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199804)33:4<409::AID-AJIM12>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"From cross-tabulations to multipurpose exposure information systems: a new job-exposure matrix","volume":"33","author":"Kauppinen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.01.012","article-title":"Environmental tobacco smoke in designated smoking areas in the hospitality industry: exposure measurements, exposure modelling and policy assessment","volume":"44","author":"McNabola","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28817","article-title":"Occupational asbestos exposure and risk of esophageal, gastric and colorectal cancer in the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study","volume":"135","author":"Offermans","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgab089","article-title":"Metabolome-wide association study of occupational exposure to benzene","volume":"42","author":"Rothman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib18","series-title":"Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys","author":"Rubin","year":"2004"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00271-7","article-title":"Directed acyclic graphs to foster transparency and scientific dialogue","volume":"25","author":"Rueegg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib20","article-title":"Occupational benzene exposure and colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Sassano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-023-02357-0","article-title":"Exposure to benzene and other hydrocarbons and risk of bladder cancer among male offshore petroleum workers","volume":"129","author":"Shala","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00044-9","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"7","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.028225","article-title":"Exposure to carcinogens for defined job categories in Norway's offshore petroleum industry, 1970 to 2005","volume":"64","author":"Steinsv\u00e5g","year":"2007","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.030528","article-title":"Inter-rater agreement in the assessment of exposure to carcinogens in the offshore petroleum industry","volume":"64","author":"Steinsv\u00e5g","year":"2007","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jes.7500578","article-title":"Expert assessment of exposure to carcinogens in Norway's offshore petroleum industry","volume":"18","author":"Steinsv\u00e5g","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2015.108","article-title":"Benzene exposure and risk of lymphohaematopoietic cancers in 25 000 offshore oil industry workers","volume":"112","author":"Stenehjem","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22965","article-title":"Harmonizing work history data in epidemiologic studies with overlapping employment records","volume":"62","author":"Stenehjem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaa107","article-title":"Cohort profile: Norwegian offshore petroleum workers (NOPW) cohort","volume":"50","author":"Stenehjem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.06.011","article-title":"Benzene exposure at workplace and risk of colorectal cancer in four Nordic countries","volume":"55","author":"Talibov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i3590","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i3590","article-title":"Colorectal adenocarcinoma: risks, prevention and diagnosis","volume":"354","author":"Thrumurthy","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP15086","article-title":"Occupational benzene exposure and lung cancer in human studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"132","author":"Wan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202306-0942OC","article-title":"Occupational benzene exposure and lung cancer risk: a pooled analysis of 14 case-control studies","volume":"209","author":"Wan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1177\/140349489101900102","article-title":"The quality of retrospective questions about occupational history\u2014a comparison between survey and census data","volume":"19","author":"W\u00e4rneryd","year":"1991","journal-title":"Scand. J. Soc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-024-00651-4","article-title":"Occupational exposure to organic solvents and risk of bladder cancer","volume":"34","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125039","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000}}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935125006589?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935125006589?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T06:07:01Z","timestamp":1785910021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935125006589"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S0013935125006589"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Benzene exposure and risk of colorectal cancer by anatomical subsite in the Norwegian offshore petroleum workers cohort","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121407","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121407"}}