{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T03:49:00Z","timestamp":1781840940998,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003562","name":"Ministry of Environment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["113C001690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["113C001690"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003562","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010002","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["112L9006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112L9006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010002","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["113L894405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["113L894405"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T12:37:25Z","timestamp":1742733445000},"page":"121465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Novel synthesis and application of biochar for controlling release and exposure of mercury in the farmland: From human health risk perspective"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"276","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0429-8281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan Thadeo","family":"Yoashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9762-356X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Che-Jung","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Hui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng-Yei","family":"Hseu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5539-8974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling-Chu","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5558-2077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsing-Cheng","family":"Hsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2023.112512","article-title":"Micronutrients and their effects on Horticultural crop quality, productivity and sustainability","volume":"323","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116640","article-title":"Simultaneous immobilization of lead and arsenic and improved phosphorus availability in contaminated soil using biochar composite modified with hydroxyapatite and oxidation: findings from a pot experiment","volume":"235","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.168388","article-title":"Impacts of climate change on the fate of contaminants through extreme weather events","volume":"909","author":"Bolan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2021.112853","article-title":"Bioaccumulation and biomagnification in elasmobranchs: a concurrent assessment of trophic transfer of trace elements in 12 species from the Indian Ocean","volume":"172","author":"Boldrocchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib5","series-title":"Comprehensive Renewable Energy","first-page":"357","article-title":"5.18 - biochar","author":"Brewer","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibiod.2017.05.014","article-title":"The effect of biochar and compost from urban organic waste on plant biomass and properties of an artificially copper polluted soil","volume":"124","author":"C\u00e1rdenas- Aguiar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.17.01624","article-title":"The impacts of phosphorus deficiency on the photosynthetic electron transport chain","volume":"177","author":"Carstensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib8","article-title":"Protecting groundwater in intensive agricultural areas through irrigation with treated wastewater: focus on nitrate, salt, and Escherichia coli","volume":"1","author":"Casale","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clean. Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2019.116814","article-title":"The effect of metal calcium on nitrogen migration and transformation during coal pyrolysis: mass spectrometry experiments and quantum chemical calculations","volume":"264","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120721","article-title":"Decreased in vitro bioaccessibility of Cd and Pb in an acidic ultisol through incorporation of crop straw-derived biochar","volume":"317","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib11","series-title":"Marine Pollution \u2013 Monitoring, Management and Mitigation","first-page":"75","article-title":"Nutrients and eutrophication","author":"Devlin","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib12","first-page":"111","article-title":"Human health effects of methylmercury exposure","volume":"198","author":"D\u00edez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176884","article-title":"Properties of biochar derived from wood and high-nutrient biomasses with the aim of agronomic and environmental benefits","volume":"12","author":"Domingues","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib14","first-page":"171","article-title":"Unlocking the potential of biochar based slow-release fertilizers: a systematic review","volume":"1","author":"Fakhrudin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Sustain. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252229","article-title":"Heavy metals uptake by the global economic crop (Pisum sativum L.) grown in contaminated soils and its associated health risks","volume":"16","author":"Galal","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150465","article-title":"Biochar impacts on soil chemical properties, greenhouse gas emissions and forage productivity: a field experiment","volume":"806","author":"Ginebra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2004.08.007","article-title":"Absence of Hg transpiration by shoot after Hg uptake by roots of six terrestrial plant species","volume":"134","author":"Greger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.127405","article-title":"Enhanced phytoremediation of lead by soil applied organic and inorganic amendments: Pb phytoavailability, accumulation and metal recovery","volume":"258","author":"Gul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib19","first-page":"1357","article-title":"Heavy metal concentrations in soil and agricultural products near an industrial district","volume":"22","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pol. J. Environ. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2022.107232","article-title":"Enhanced Fe-bound phosphate availability by the combined use of Mg-modified biochar and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria","volume":"10","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wace.2015.08.001","article-title":"Temperature extremes: effect on plant growth and development","volume":"10","author":"Hatfield","year":"2015","journal-title":"Weather Clim. Extrem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resourpol.2014.05.001","article-title":"The extractive industries and development in sub-Saharan Africa: an introduction","volume":"40","author":"Hilson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res. Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120555","article-title":"Using recoverable sulfurized magnetic biochar for active capping to remediate multiple heavy metal contaminated sediment","volume":"316","author":"Hsu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147240","article-title":"A novel synthesis of sulfurized magnetic biochar for aqueous Hg(II) capture as a potential method for environmental remediation in water","volume":"784","author":"Hsu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2022.104712","article-title":"Seasonal patterns of soil microbial community response to warming and increased precipitation in a semiarid steppe","volume":"182","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Soil Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.132712","article-title":"Effective reducing the mobility and health risk of mercury in soil under thiol-modified biochar amendment","volume":"462","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib27","first-page":"56","article-title":"Bio-accumulation and release of mercury in Vigna mungo (L.) hepper seedlings","volume":"6","author":"Hussain","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Stress Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib28","first-page":"36","article-title":"Biochar surface functional groups as affected by biomass feedstock, biochar composition and pyrolysis temperature","volume":"4","author":"Janu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbon Res.Convers."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.176579","article-title":"Application of biochar and selenium together at low dose efficiently reduces mercury and methylmercury accumulation in rice grains","volume":"954","author":"Jing","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib30","series-title":"Heavy Metal Toxicity in Public Health","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mercury toxicity in public health","author":"Jyothi","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.02.029","article-title":"Ecological risk assessment and source identification for heavy metals in surface sediment from the Liaohe River protected area, China","volume":"175","author":"Ke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/su151813292","article-title":"A retrospection on mercury contamination, bioaccumulation, and toxicity in diverse environments: current insights and future prospects","volume":"15","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.09.049","article-title":"A critical review on speciation, mobilization and toxicity of lead in soil-microbe-plant system and bioremediation strategies","volume":"147","author":"Kushwaha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.122286","article-title":"Nitrogen containing functional groups of biochar: an overview","volume":"298","author":"Leng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2023.103435","article-title":"Modified biochar enhances soil fertility and nutrient uptake and yield of rice in mercury-contaminated soil","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Technol. Innov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.02.027","article-title":"Implementation of USEPA RfD and SFO for improved risk assessment of organophosphate esters (organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers)","volume":"114","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109502","article-title":"Comparison of adsorption properties for cadmium removal from aqueous solution by Enteromorpha prolifera biochar modified with different chemical reagents","volume":"186","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-017-2215-z","article-title":"Active DNA demethylation: mechanism and role in plant development","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2022.120155","article-title":"Rapid effectual entrapment of pesticide pollutant by phosphorus-doped biochar: effects and response sequence of functional groups","volume":"365","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8149","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c02676","article-title":"Mercury and sulfur redox cycling affect methylmercury levels in rice paddy soils across a contamination gradient","volume":"57","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2016.01.007","article-title":"Mechanisms of mercury removal by biochars produced from different feedstocks determined using X-ray absorption spectroscopy","volume":"308","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.124922","article-title":"High mesoporosity phosphorus-containing biochar fabricated from Camellia oleifera shells: impressive tetracycline adsorption performance and promotion of pyrophosphate-like surface functional groups (C-O-P bond)","volume":"329","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3184\/095422998782775754","article-title":"An assessment of mercury-species-dependent binding with natural organic carbon","volume":"10","author":"Loux","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chem. Speciat. Bioavailab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246944","article-title":"Effects of phosphorus deficiency on the absorption of mineral nutrients, photosynthetic system performance and antioxidant metabolism in Citrus grandis","volume":"16","author":"Meng","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e07514","article-title":"Accumulation and bioconcentration of heavy metals in two phases from agricultural soil to plants in Usangu agroecosystem-Tanzania","volume":"7","author":"Mng'ong'o","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.112973","article-title":"Toxic metals in East African agro-ecosystems: key risks for sustainable food production","volume":"294","author":"Mng'ong'o","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib47","series-title":"Handbook of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy","author":"Moulder","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2005.0255a","article-title":"Mercury speciation in highly contaminated soils from chlor-alkali plants using chemical extractions","volume":"34","author":"Neculita","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib49","article-title":"Reduction of heavy metal uptake from polluted soils and associated health risks through biochar amendment: a critical synthesis","volume":"6","author":"Nkoh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-014-1315-5","article-title":"Spatial distribution of mercury and arsenic levels in water, soil and cassava plants in a community with long history of gold mining in Tanzania","volume":"93","author":"Nyanza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fclim.2022.941842","article-title":"The impact of climate change on food systems, diet quality, nutrition, and health outcomes: a narrative review","volume":"4","author":"Owino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Clim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.10.069","article-title":"Removing mercury from aqueous solution using sulfurized biochar and associated mechanisms","volume":"244","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4683","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20194683","article-title":"Active DNA demethylation in plants","volume":"20","author":"Parrilla-Doblas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib54","author":"Perin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cartre.2021.100124","article-title":"Influence of temperature and point defects on the X-ray diffraction pattern of graphite","volume":"5","author":"Phillips","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbon Trend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e25785","article-title":"Utilization of biochar for remediation of heavy metals in aqueous environments: a review and bibliometric analysis","volume":"10","author":"Phiri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib57","first-page":"119","article-title":"The effect of soil enzymes and polysaccharides secreted by the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge under drought, high temperature, and nitrogen and phosphorus deficits","volume":"93","author":"Qin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phyton-Int. J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2003.11.011","article-title":"Interactions between mercury and dissolved organic matter--a review","volume":"55","author":"Ravichandran","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1021\/jz401075b","article-title":"Why mercury prefers soft ligands","volume":"4","author":"Riccardi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500097","article-title":"Measuring potential exposure to environmental pollutants: time spent with soil and time spent outdoors","volume":"10","author":"Robinson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120937","article-title":"Recent advances in biochar amendments for immobilization of heavy metals in an agricultural ecosystem: a systematic review","volume":"319","author":"Sachdeva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib62","first-page":"81","article-title":"Remediation of ex-unlicensed gold mining using rice husk biochar: its effect on reducing mercury levels","volume":"23","author":"Salam","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biol. Tropis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib63","article-title":"Accumulation and distribution of mercury in agricultural soils, food crops and associated health risks: a case study of Shenda gold mine-Geita Tanzania","volume":"11","author":"Sanga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Chall"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmab104","article-title":"The potential impact of climate change on the micronutrient-rich food supply","volume":"13","author":"Semba","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.17221\/881\/2012-PSE","article-title":"Amelioration of salt affected soils in rice paddy system by application of organic and inorganic amendments","volume":"59","author":"Shaaban","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Soil Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7210","DOI":"10.1039\/D0DT00921K","article-title":"Phosphonate functionalized carbon spheres as Br\u00f8nsted acid catalysts for the valorization of bio-renewable \u03b1-pinene oxide to trans-carveol","volume":"49","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2005.01.021","article-title":"Studies on distribution and fractionation of heavy metals in Gomti river sediments\u2014a tributary of the Ganges, India","volume":"312","author":"Singh","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.12.030","article-title":"Influence of in vitro assay pH and extractant composition on as bioaccessibility in contaminated soils","volume":"473\u2013474","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(99)00091-3","article-title":"Eutrophication: impacts of excess nutrient inputs on freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems","volume":"100","author":"Smith","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib70","first-page":"36","article-title":"Biochar: the black gold for enhancing soil health and mitigating climate change","volume":"4","author":"Supriya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vigyan Varta: Int. J. E-Magazine Sci. Enthus."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib72","series-title":"The total content of heavy metal in soils analyzed by microwave assisted aqua regia digestion","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1021\/ac50043a017","article-title":"Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals","volume":"51","author":"Tessier","year":"1979","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib74","series-title":"Standard operating procedure for an in vitro bioaccessibility assay for lead in soil","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2020.125333","article-title":"Mercury removal by porous sulfur copolymers: adsorption isotherm and kinetics studies","volume":"606","author":"Wadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib76","article-title":"Biochar-based slow-release of fertilizers for sustainable agriculture: a mini review. Env","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Ecotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7997","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c00909","article-title":"Isotopic and spectroscopic investigation of mercury accumulation in Houttuynia cordata colonizing historically contaminated soil","volume":"56","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s44246-023-00035-7","article-title":"Role of biochar toward carbon neutrality","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Carbon Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80183-7","article-title":"Mercury accumulation in vegetable Houttuynia cordata Thunb. from two different geological areas in southwest China and implications for human consumption","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-022-00619-y","article-title":"Root uptake dominates mercury accumulation in permafrost plants of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun. Earth Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.01.054","article-title":"Increased time outdoors is followed by reversal of the long-term trend to reduced visual acuity in Taiwan primary school students","volume":"127","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s42773-021-00087-1","article-title":"Remediation of mercury-contaminated soils and sediments using biochar: a critical review","volume":"3","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochar"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.05.139","article-title":"Biochar for environmental management: mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, contaminant treatment, and potential negative impacts","volume":"373","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2024.104484","article-title":"Changes in soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in 2000\u20132020 and their driving mechanisms in Tibetan alpine grasslands","volume":"239","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Global Planet. Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465_bib85","article-title":"Soil bacterial communities associated with multi-nutrient cycling under long-term warming in the alpine meadow","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935125007169?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935125007169?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:12:47Z","timestamp":1777381967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935125007169"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["S0013935125007169"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Novel synthesis and application of biochar for controlling release and exposure of mercury in the farmland: From human health risk perspective","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121465","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121465"}}