{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:56:59Z","timestamp":1787169419616,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2025-00523383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-00523383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00446841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00446841"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T02:36:26Z","timestamp":1750127786000},"page":"122171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Compact and cost-effective autofluorescence sensor for real-time environmental biofilm monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"283","author":[{"given":"In Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Hak","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Bin","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gi Byoung","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chul Woo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6402-0252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Hee","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1705814","article-title":"The role of bacterial biofilm in antibiotic resistance and food contamination","volume":"2020","author":"Abebe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.3923\/ajft.2012.582.595","article-title":"Assessment of biofilm in E. coli O157: H7 and Salmonella strains: influence of cultural conditions","volume":"7","author":"Adetunji","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Food Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c04446","article-title":"Electrical impedance spectroscopy with bacterial biofilms: neuronal-like behavior","volume":"24","author":"Akabuogu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4035","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.3c07936","article-title":"Ultraviolet superradiance from mega-networks of tryptophan in biological architectures","volume":"128","author":"Babcock","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02152","article-title":"Contributions of microbial biofilms to ecosystem processes in stream mesocosms","volume":"426","author":"Battin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1177\/27.1.438504","article-title":"Cellular autofluorescence-is it due to flavins?","volume":"27","author":"Benson","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3936","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4936","article-title":"Separating NADH and NADPH fluorescence in live cells and tissues using FLIM","volume":"5","author":"Blacker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib8","article-title":"Label\u2010free assessment of key biological autofluorophores: material characteristics and opportunities for clinical applications","volume":"36","author":"Campbell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-019-0082-9","article-title":"Bacterial release from pipe biofilm in a full-scale drinking water distribution system","volume":"5","author":"Chan","year":"2019","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/00032716708051097","article-title":"Fluorescence quantum yields of tryptophan and tyrosine","volume":"1","author":"Chen","year":"1967","journal-title":"Anal. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2003.0284","article-title":"Monitoring biofilm detachment under dynamic changes in shear stress using laser-based particle size analysis and mass fractionation","volume":"47","author":"Choi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1984.tb03890.x","article-title":"The photophysics and photochemistry of the near\u2010UV absorbing amino acids\u2013i. Tryptophan and its simple derivatives","volume":"39","author":"Creed","year":"1984","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2011.10.007","article-title":"Dynamic modelling of cell death during biofilm development","volume":"295","author":"Fagerlind","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2011.12.048","article-title":"Design and field application of a UV-LED based optical fiber biofilm sensor","volume":"33","author":"Fischer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7945","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00858-07","article-title":"The EPS matrix: the \u201chouse of biofilm cells\u201d","volume":"189","author":"Flemming","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2010.524297","article-title":"Biofilms isolated from washing machines from three continents and their tolerance to a standard detergent","volume":"26","author":"Gattlen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biofouling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3710","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.8.3710-3713.1999","article-title":"High rates of conjugation in bacterial biofilms as determined by quantitative in situ analysis","volume":"65","author":"Hausner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.11.012","article-title":"Biofilm vs. planktonic bacterial mode of growth: which do human macrophages prefer?","volume":"441","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1556\/1886.2018.00023","article-title":"405 nm and 450 nm photoinactivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"8","author":"Hoenes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.4248\/IJOS11026","article-title":"The clinical impact of bacterial biofilms","volume":"3","author":"H\u00f8iby","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a010306","article-title":"Bacterial biofilms: development, dispersal, and therapeutic strategies in the dawn of the postantibiotic era","volume":"3","author":"Kostakioti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib22","article-title":"Into the well\u2014A close look at the complex structures of a microtiter biofilm and the crystal violet assay","volume":"1","author":"Kragh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biofilms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.030","article-title":"Comparison of UV-LED and low pressure UV for water disinfection: photoreactivation and dark repair of Escherichia coli","volume":"126","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50094-3","article-title":"RNA-based qPCR as a tool to quantify and to characterize dual-species biofilms","volume":"9","author":"Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2023.123491","article-title":"Femtosecond laser-induced fluorescence for rapid monitoring of cardiac troponin 1 as a cardiovascular disease biomarker","volume":"305","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3390\/pr6110227","article-title":"Application of laser-induced fluorescence in functional studies of photosynthetic biofilms","volume":"6","author":"Marques da Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2625-x","article-title":"C9orf72 in myeloid cells suppresses STING-induced inflammation","volume":"585","author":"McCauley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib28","series-title":"2006 International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","first-page":"535","article-title":"An impedimetric sensor for monitoring the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis","author":"Oliver","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01598-09","article-title":"Heterogeneous rpoS and rhlR mRNA levels and 16S rRNA\/rDNA (rRNA gene) ratios within Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms, sampled by laser capture microdissection","author":"P\u00e9rez-Osorio","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-5-37-2012","article-title":"Autofluorescence of atmospheric bioaerosols\u2013fluorescent biomolecules and potential interferences","volume":"5","author":"P\u00f6hlker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2021.112129","article-title":"Wavelength-dependent time\u2013dose reciprocity and stress mechanism for UV-LED disinfection of Escherichia coli","volume":"217","author":"Pousty","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1080\/08927010903501908","article-title":"Candida albicans biofilm formation on peptide functionalized polydimethylsiloxane","volume":"26","author":"Prijck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biofouling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.12.027","article-title":"Biofilms in shower hoses","volume":"131","author":"Proctor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2019.02.018","article-title":"Robust biofilm assay for quantification and high throughput screening applications","volume":"159","author":"Rajamani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.8.001488","article-title":"Fluorescence quenching of free and bound NADH in HeLa cells determined by hyperspectral imaging and unmixing of cell autofluorescence","volume":"8","author":"Rehman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2017.05.009","article-title":"Bacterial biofilm-based catheter-associated urinary tract infections: causative pathogens and antibiotic resistance","volume":"45","author":"Sabir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-012-0137-0","article-title":"Characterization and control of the microbial community affiliated with copper or aluminum heat exchangers of HVAC systems","volume":"65","author":"Schmidt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3349","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2015.2388547","article-title":"Standoff detection of biomolecules by ultraviolet laser-induced fluorescence LIDAR","volume":"15","author":"Sharma","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2013.791287","article-title":"Simultaneous monitoring of biofilm growth, microbial activity, and inorganic deposits on surfaces with an in situ, online, real-time, non-destructive, optical sensor","volume":"29","author":"Strathmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biofouling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25889","article-title":"Imaging of bacterial multicellular behaviour in biofilms in liquid by atmospheric scanning electron microscopy","volume":"6","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1007\/s12668-019-00658-4","article-title":"World health organization report: current crisis of antibiotic resistance","volume":"9","author":"Talebi Bezmin Abadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioNanoScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.631248","article-title":"Adaptation of the start-growth-time method for high-throughput biofilm quantification","volume":"12","author":"Thieme","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2011.05.009","article-title":"Biofilms in drinking water and their role as reservoir for pathogens","volume":"214","author":"Wingender","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib29","series-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5315","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.1c00927","article-title":"Adaptation of Escherichia coli biofilm growth, morphology, and mechanical properties to substrate water content","volume":"7","author":"Ziege","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935125014227?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935125014227?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T00:09:52Z","timestamp":1757203792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935125014227"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0013935125014227"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Compact and cost-effective autofluorescence sensor for real-time environmental biofilm monitoring","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122171","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"122171"}}