{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:38:06Z","timestamp":1792795086232,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XDA26010301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA26010301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T12:30:49Z","timestamp":1750422649000},"page":"122209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Trend and inequality in livestock CO2 emission intensity: Evidence from 341 prefecture-level cities from 2006 to 2022 in China"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"284","author":[{"given":"Fangyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7392-6881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lihua","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2024.102629","article-title":"Food security and poverty reduction effects of agricultural technologies adoption \u2212 a multinomial endogenous switching regression application in rural Zimbabwe","volume":"125","author":"Amankwah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.112334","article-title":"Instability of decoupling livestock greenhouse gas emissions from economic growth in livestock products in the Tibetan highland","volume":"287","author":"Bai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-022-01055-8","article-title":"Ecologically unequal exchanges driven by EU consumption","volume":"6","author":"Bruckner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Sustain."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib4","first-page":"17","article-title":"The impact of human and livestock respiration on CO2 emissions from 14 global cities","volume":"17","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbon Bal. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2024.102607","article-title":"How do regional and demographic differences in diets affect the health and environmental impact in China?","volume":"124","author":"Cai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Policy"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.3390\/pr11082335","article-title":"Analysis of greenhouse gas emissions characteristics and emissions reduction measures of animal husbandry in inner Mongolia","volume":"11","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Processes"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-022-00955-z","article-title":"Global carbon inequality over 1990\u20132019","volume":"5","author":"Chancel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Sustain."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-022-02794-6","article-title":"Trend prediction of carbon peak in China's animal husbandry based on the empirical analysis of 31 provinces in China","volume":"26","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Dev. Sustain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2020.105217","article-title":"Impacts of local public expenditure on CO2 emissions in Chinese cities: a spatial cluster decomposition analysis","volume":"164","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skae346","article-title":"Associations between a range of enteric methane emission traits and performance traits in indoor-fed growing cattle","volume":"102","author":"Crowley","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib11","article-title":"The impact of urban-rural income inequality on environmental quality in China","volume":"2022","author":"De","year":"2022","journal-title":"Complexity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2023.108028","article-title":"Is the digital economy an effective tool for decreasing energy vulnerability? A global case","volume":"216","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2024.108392","article-title":"Are natural disasters stumbling blocks to carbon inequality mitigation? A global perspective","volume":"227","author":"Dong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172490","article-title":"Carbon emissions changes of animal husbandry in China: trends, attributions, and solutions: a spatial shift-share analysis","volume":"929","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib15","first-page":"13292","article-title":"Agricultural methane emissions in China: inventories, driving forces and mitigation strategies","volume":"57","author":"Duan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2023.119654","article-title":"Decoupling livestock and poultry pollution emissions from industrial development: a step towards reducing environmental emissions","volume":"350","author":"Elahi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.138252","article-title":"Carbon footprints in pork production and consumption in China from 2005 to 2020","volume":"419","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2024.108298","article-title":"Do urban environmental inequalities influence demand for nature based solutions?","volume":"224","author":"Farina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.3390\/su15020913","article-title":"Measurement and influencing factors of carbon emissions of China's livestock husbandry in the post-COVID-19 era\u2014based on the supply-side perspective","volume":"15","author":"Hao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2022.106739","article-title":"Mitigation of nitrogen losses and greenhouse gas emissions in a more circular cropping-poultry production system","volume":"189","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.108040","article-title":"How does digitalization affect carbon emissions in animal husbandry? A new evidence from China","volume":"214","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5109","DOI":"10.3390\/en17205109","article-title":"Exploring the nexus between greenhouse emissions, environmental degradation and green energy in Europe: a critique of the environmental kuznets curve","volume":"17","author":"Horobet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1111\/ajae.12357","article-title":"Grassland tenure reform and grassland quality in China","volume":"105","author":"Hou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Agric. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.125477","article-title":"Regional differences, convergence characteristics, and carbon peaking prediction of agricultural carbon emissions in China","volume":"366","author":"Huan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119025","article-title":"Agricultural carbon reduction in China: the synergy effect of trade and technology on sustainable development","volume":"252","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s11442-024-2205-3","article-title":"Spatial pattern evolution and driving factors of urban green technology innovation in China","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2024.112035","article-title":"Limited terrestrial carbon sinks and increasing carbon emissions from the hu line spatial pattern perspective in China","volume":"162","author":"Lou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-024-02130-y","article-title":"Underestimation of personal carbon footprint inequality in four diverse countries","volume":"14","author":"Nielsen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.178191","article-title":"Spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of non-CO2 greenhouse gas emission intensity from China's livestock sector","volume":"958","author":"Pei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.3390\/su16062283","article-title":"Assessing carbon emissions from animal husbandry in China: trends, regional variations and mitigation strategies","volume":"16","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.118528","article-title":"Cultivating a sustainable future in the artificial intelligence era: a comprehensive assessment of greenhouse gas emissions and removals in agriculture","volume":"250","author":"Saberikamarposhti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-12-1561-2020","article-title":"The global methane budget 2000\u20132017","volume":"12","author":"Saunois","year":"2020","journal-title":"Earth Syst. Sci. Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.06.075","article-title":"Methodology and applications of city level CO2 emission accounts in China","volume":"161","author":"Shan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.2307\/1913126","article-title":"The class of additively decomposable inequality measures","author":"Shorrocks","year":"1980","journal-title":"Econometrica: J. Econom. Soc."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9912","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c09782","article-title":"Promoting the achievement of carbon neutrality targets: systematic review of research dimensions and measure methods on carbon equity in China","volume":"58","author":"Tian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.110833","article-title":"Provincial cattle carbon emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management in South Africa","volume":"195","author":"Tongwane","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.18306\/dlkxjz.2023.07.014","article-title":"Progress of research on energy-related carbon emission accounting methods at the prefectural and county levels","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Geogr."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-024-01010-0","article-title":"Mitigation potential of methane emissions in China's livestock sector can reach one-third by 2030 at low cost","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Food"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2024.107255","article-title":"Collective action in the pastural area of inner Mongolia, China: evidence from a lab-in-the-field experiment","volume":"144","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119702","article-title":"Study on carbon emission influencing factors and carbon emission reduction potential in China's food production industry","volume":"261","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3640","DOI":"10.3390\/su16093640","article-title":"Spatial-temporal evolution and influencing factors of animal husbandry carbon emissions: a case study of Shandong Province, China","volume":"16","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1038\/s44284-024-00088-8","article-title":"Outsourced carbon mitigation efforts of Chinese cities from 2012 to 2017","volume":"1","author":"Xia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Cities"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-024-01071-1","article-title":"Inequality in agricultural greenhouse gas emissions intensity has risen in rural China from 1993 to 2020","volume":"5","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Food"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3145","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-023-04007-0","article-title":"Study on the driving factors and decoupling effect of carbon emission from pig farming in China-based on LMDI and tapio model","volume":"27","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environmental Development and Sustainablity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.116502","article-title":"Development of an extended STIRPAT model to assess the driving factors of household carbon dioxide emissions in China","volume":"325","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.120788","article-title":"Influencing factors and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of livestock greenhouse gas emission: evidence from the Yellow river basin of China","volume":"358","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cesys.2025.100266","article-title":"Implications of environmental constraints and opportunities on livestock production and emissions: new Zealand as a case study","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cleaner Environmental Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.113932","article-title":"Does China's increasing coupling of \u201curban population\u201d and \u201curban area\u201d growth indicators reflect a growing social and economic sustainability?","volume":"301","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-024-01011-z","article-title":"Holistic food system innovation strategies can close up to 80% of China's domestic protein gaps while reducing global environmental impacts","volume":"5","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Food"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib50","article-title":"Evolution and driving factors of inequality in CO2 emissions from agricultural energy consumption in China","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173010","article-title":"Spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors of methane emissions from livestock in China: a spatial econometric analysis","volume":"931","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2023.102704","article-title":"Rising carbon inequality and its driving factors from 2005 to 2015","volume":"82","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glob. Environ. Change"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6406","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42099-4","article-title":"An early warning signal for grassland degradation on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935125014604?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935125014604?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T04:52:18Z","timestamp":1776833538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935125014604"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0013935125014604"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Trend and inequality in livestock CO2 emission intensity: Evidence from 341 prefecture-level cities from 2006 to 2022 in China","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122209","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"122209"}}