{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T13:44:46Z","timestamp":1786369486597,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003625","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HA23C0083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HA23C0083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T22:56:46Z","timestamp":1756335406000},"page":"122667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"P5","title":["Association between long-term exposure to a mixture of ambient air pollutants and the incidences of bladder and kidney cancers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"285","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8508-7084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0191-4272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1770-0989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoon-Hee","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1198-934X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soontae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byungmi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5834-9975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bomi","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-016-0179-8","article-title":"Early kidney damage induced by subchronic exposure to PM 2.5 in rats","volume":"13","author":"Aztatzi-Aguilar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib2","volume":"2024","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-022-01735-4","article-title":"Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and bladder cancer incidence in a pooled European cohort: the ELAPSE project","volume":"126","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib4","first-page":"799","article-title":"Data resource profile: the national health information database of the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea","volume":"46","author":"Cheol Seong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib5","first-page":"767","article-title":"Cancer mortality risk, fine particulate air pollution, and smoking in a large, representative cohort of US adults","volume":"31","author":"Coleman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14080860","article-title":"Residence in proximity of a coal-oil-fired thermal power plant and risk of lung and bladder cancer in North-Eastern Italy. A population-based study: 1995\u20132009","volume":"14","author":"Collarile","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115405","article-title":"Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and site-specific cancer mortality: a difference-in-differences analysis in Jiangsu province, China","volume":"222","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408882","article-title":"Lung cancer and exposure to nitrogen dioxide and traffic: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"123","author":"Hamra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib9","series-title":"Causal Inference: what if","author":"Hern\u00e1n","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2023.05.004","article-title":"The application of lag times in cancer pharmacoepidemiology: a narrative review","volume":"84","author":"Hicks","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77371-w","article-title":"Impact of carbon monoxide poisoning on the risk of breast cancer","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114385","article-title":"Long term exposure to air pollution and kidney parenchyma cancer\u2013Effects of low-level air pollution: a Study in Europe (ELAPSE)","volume":"215","author":"Hvidtfeldt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2007.06.012","article-title":"Human health effects of air pollution","volume":"151","author":"Kampa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2023101","article-title":"Risk factors for early-onset lung cancer in Korea: analysis of a nationally representative population-based cohort","volume":"45","author":"Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyae093","article-title":"Beyond lung cancer: air pollution and bladder, breast and prostate cancer incidence","volume":"53","author":"Kayyal-Tarabeia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP5838","article-title":"A quantile-based g-computation approach to addressing the effects of exposure mixtures","volume":"128","author":"Keil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-023-06520-4","article-title":"Variation in Polycyclic Aromatic Compound (PAC) concentrations in a Norway spruce stand close to a major traffic route\u2014influence of distance and season","volume":"234","author":"Klingberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water, Air, Soil Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib18","volume":"2025","author":"Korea Central Cancer Registry","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5116","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48857-2","article-title":"Ambient air pollution and urological cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70487-X","article-title":"International Agency for Research on Cancer monograph working group IARC. The carcinogenicity of outdoor air pollution","volume":"14","author":"Loomis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2012-202307","article-title":"Residential proximity to major roadways and renal function","volume":"67","author":"Lue","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.15420\/japsc.2023.68","article-title":"Obesity in the Asia-Pacific region: current perspectives","volume":"3","author":"Lui","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Asian Pac. Soc. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6930","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-89885-2","article-title":"Mediating effect of diabetes in the association between long-term PM2. 5 exposure and cancer risk in CHARLS","volume":"15","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-021-06266-4","article-title":"Oxidative stress in bladder cancer: an ally or an enemy?","volume":"48","author":"Mendes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.06.007","article-title":"Airborne mammary carcinogens and breast cancer risk in the Sister Study","volume":"130","author":"Niehoff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18030924","article-title":"Is short-term exposure to PM2. 5 relevant to childhood Kawasaki disease?","volume":"18","author":"Oh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib27","first-page":"4755","article-title":"Ambient particulate matter exposure and urologic cancer: a longitudinal nationwide cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2016.11.008","article-title":"Is there an association between ambient air pollution and bladder cancer incidence? Analysis of 15 European cohorts","volume":"4","author":"Pedersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Urol. Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib29","series-title":"Traffic-related Air Pollution: a Critical Review of the Literature on Emissions, Exposure, and Health Effects","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15030927","article-title":"Traffic-related air pollution and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"15","author":"Praud","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-10-67","article-title":"Air pollution from traffic and cancer incidence: a Danish cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Raaschou-Nielsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30587","article-title":"Outdoor air pollution and risk for kidney parenchyma cancer in 14 European cohorts","volume":"140","author":"Raaschou\u2010Nielsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib33","first-page":"1178","article-title":"Impaired estimated glomerular filtration rate is a significant predictor for non\u2013muscle-invasive bladder cancer recurrence and progression\u2014introducing a novel prognostic model for bladder cancer recurrence","volume":"32","author":"Rausch","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib34","series-title":"Annual Report of Cancer Statistics in Korea in 2022","author":"Registry","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-014-1296-5","article-title":"Occupational exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and respiratory and urinary tract cancers: an updated systematic review and a meta-analysis to 2014","volume":"88","author":"Rota","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2015.06.011","article-title":"Targeting heme oxygenase-1 and carbon monoxide for therapeutic modulation of inflammation","volume":"167","author":"Ryter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3180","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063180","article-title":"Different mortality risks of long-term exposure to particulate matter across different cancer sites","volume":"19","author":"Shin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib38","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ca - Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32136","article-title":"Ambient air pollution and incident bladder cancer risk: updated analysis of the Spanish Bladder Cancer Study","volume":"145","author":"Turner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP1249","article-title":"Ambient air pollution and cancer mortality in the cancer prevention study II","volume":"125","author":"Turner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib41","article-title":"The potentials of carbon monoxide-releasing molecules in cancer treatment: an outlook from ROS biology and medicine","volume":"46","author":"Vo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib42","article-title":"Additive effects of 10-year exposures to PM2. 5 and NO2 and primary cancer incidence in American older adults","volume":"7","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib43","volume":"2024","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-15-0626","article-title":"Cancer mortality risks from long-term exposure to ambient fine particle","volume":"25","author":"Wong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s12403-023-00572-x","article-title":"Long-term atmosphere surveillance (2016\u20132021) of PM2. 5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and health risk assessment in yangtze river delta, China","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expo. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2023.101678","article-title":"Coupling coordination relationships between air pollutant concentrations and emissions in China","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atmos. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2021.044","article-title":"Validation of cancer diagnosis based on the national health insurance service database versus the national cancer registry database in Korea","volume":"54","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Res. Treat.: Official . Korean Cancer Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004103","article-title":"Exposure to wildfire-related PM2. 5 and site-specific cancer mortality in Brazil from 2010 to 2016: a retrospective study","volume":"19","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Med."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001393512501919X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001393512501919X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T13:10:38Z","timestamp":1786367438000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S001393512501919X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S001393512501919X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Association between long-term exposure to a mixture of ambient air pollutants and the incidences of bladder and kidney cancers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122667","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"122667"}}