{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:04:43Z","timestamp":1790809483236,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001322","name":"South African Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T17:10:59Z","timestamp":1757437859000},"page":"122812","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"P1","title":["A systematic review assessing the association between extreme temperature exposure and cardiovascular health outcomes in Africa"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"286","author":[{"given":"Mamakase G.","family":"Sello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8388-132X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sihle E.","family":"Mabhida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1839-7923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bevan","family":"Esterhuizen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5901-6766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Musawenkosi","family":"Ndlovu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5403-6610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jemimah","family":"Kyeyune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hellen","family":"Kgatla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 P.","family":"Kengne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zandile J.","family":"Mchiza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9054-7242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haskly","family":"Mokoena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.061832","article-title":"Associations between extreme temperatures and cardiovascular cause-specific mortality: results from 27 countries","volume":"147","author":"Alahmad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.061832","article-title":"Associations between extreme temperatures and cardiovascular cause-specific mortality: results from 27 countries","volume":"147","author":"Alahmad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102557","article-title":"Burden of cardiovascular disease in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1990-2019: an analysis of the global burden of disease study","volume":"49","author":"Alhuneafat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10429-0","article-title":"Trend analysis of cardiovascular disease mortality, incidence, and mortality-to-incidence ratio: results from global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"21","author":"Amini","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn266","article-title":"Effects of cold weather on mortality: results from 15 European cities within the PHEWE project","volume":"168","author":"Analitis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002313","article-title":"Heat waves in the United States: mortality risk during heat waves and effect modification by heat wave characteristics in 43 U.S. communities","volume":"119","author":"Brooke Anderson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.02.034","article-title":"Effects of air temperature on climate-sensitive mortality and morbidity outcomes in the elderly; a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence","volume":"6","author":"Bunker","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.02.034","article-title":"Effects of air temperature on climate-sensitive mortality and morbidity outcomes in the elderly; a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence","volume":"6","author":"Bunker","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018068","article-title":"Excess burden of non-communicable disease years of life lost from heat in rural Burkina Faso: a time series analysis of the years 2000\u20132010","volume":"7","author":"Bunker","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018068","article-title":"Excess burden of non-communicable disease years of life lost from heat in rural Burkina Faso: a time series analysis of the years 2000\u20132010","volume":"7","author":"Bunker","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2003.10.016","article-title":"Lower ambient temperature was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for stroke and acute myocardial infarction in young women","volume":"57","author":"Chang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108005","article-title":"Urban heat island impacts on heat-related cardiovascular morbidity: a time series analysis of older adults in US metropolitan areas","volume":"178","author":"Cleland","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib13","series-title":"Adaptation to Climate Change and Variability in Rural West Africa","first-page":"25","article-title":"Climate change over West Africa: recent trends and future projections","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.ED000142","article-title":"Updated guidance for trusted systematic reviews: a new edition of the cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of Interventions","author":"Cumpston","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13030759","article-title":"The impact of climate change and extreme weather conditions on cardiovascular health and acute cardiovascular diseases","volume":"13","author":"De Vita","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.1307","article-title":"Prevalence of cardiovascular disease and risk factors in Ghana: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Doku","year":"2024","journal-title":"Glob. Heart"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.403","article-title":"Cardiovascular diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa compared to high-income countries: an epidemiological perspective","volume":"15","author":"Fomonyuy Yuyun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glob. Heart"},{"issue":"9991","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62114-0","article-title":"Mortality risk attributable to high and low ambient temperature: a multicountry observational study","volume":"386","author":"Gasparrini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.02.012","article-title":"The effect of season and temperature variation on hospital admissions for incident stroke events in Maputo","volume":"23","author":"Gomes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mozambique. J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.12.002","article-title":"Triggering of stroke by ambient temperature variation: a case-crossover study in Maputo, Mozambique","volume":"129","author":"Gomes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2015.06.010","article-title":"Linking climate change and health outcomes: examining the relationship between temperature, precipitation and birth weight in Africa. Glob","volume":"35","author":"Grace","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Change"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib22","first-page":"1016","article-title":"Short-term relationships between winter temperatures and cardiac disease mortality in cape town. South Afr","volume":"85","author":"Heunis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med. J. Suid-Afr. Tydskr. Vir Geneeskd."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.03.425","article-title":"Global and regional cardiovascular mortality attributable to nonoptimal temperatures over time","volume":"83","author":"Hundessa","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cardiovascular pathologies and climate and seasonal variation: prospective and comparative study between the cold season and the hot season 2016 at the Amirou Boubacar Diallo National Hospital (HNABD) about 258 cases","volume":"5","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cardiol. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110108","article-title":"Cold weather-related cardiorespiratory symptoms predict higher morbidity and mortality","volume":"191","author":"Ik\u00e4heimo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-024-02650-4","article-title":"The effects of extreme heat on human health in tropical Africa","volume":"68","author":"Jonah Kunda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biometeorol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.18772\/26180197.2022.v4n3a2","article-title":"Climate change and cardiovascular disease in Africa","volume":"4","author":"Keir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Wits J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib28","first-page":"104","article-title":"A snapshot of cardiovascular diseases in Africa in the new millennium","volume":"24","author":"Kengne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. J. Afr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/46980","article-title":"Assessing the effect of extreme weather on population health using consumer-grade wearables in rural Burkina Faso: observational panel study","volume":"11","author":"Koch","year":"2023","journal-title":"JMIR MHealth UHealth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib30","first-page":"17","article-title":"The effect of ambient temperature on blood pressure in a rural West African adult population: a cross-sectional study","volume":"21","author":"Kunutsor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. J. Afr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2010.02586.x","article-title":"Seasonal patterns of cardiovascular disease mortality of adults in Burkina Faso, West Africa: seasonal patterns of cardiovascular disease","author":"Kynast-Wolf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20010116","article-title":"The association between apparent temperature and hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease in Limpopo province, South Africa","volume":"20","author":"B\u00fchler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e484","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(22)00117-6","article-title":"Heat exposure and cardiovascular health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Planet. Health"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16677","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-07938-7","article-title":"Temperature as a modifier of the effects of air pollution on cardiovascular disease hospital admissions in Cape Town, South Africa","volume":"27","author":"Lokotola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib35","article-title":"Seasonal hematocrit variation and health risks in the adult population of Kinshasa, democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"1001","author":"Hightower","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vasc. Health Risk Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib36","first-page":"11","article-title":"Extreme heat events, high ambient temperatures and human morbidity and mortality in Africa: a systematic review","volume":"118","author":"Manyuchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e271","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(23)00023-2","article-title":"Excess mortality attributed to heat and cold: a health impact assessment study in 854 cities in Europe","volume":"7","author":"Masselot","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Planet. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/54669","article-title":"Assessment of heat exposure and health outcomes in rural populations of Western Kenya by using wearable devices: observational case study","volume":"12","author":"Matzke","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR MHealth UHealth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.1139","article-title":"Addressing the global burden of cardiovascular diseases; need for scalable and sustainable frameworks","volume":"17","author":"Mendis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glob. Heart"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2021.10.002","article-title":"The cardiovascular system in heat stroke","volume":"4","author":"Miles","year":"2022","journal-title":"CJC Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1008335","article-title":"Cardiovascular diseases in Africa in the twenty-first century: gaps and priorities going forward","volume":"9","author":"Minja","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"issue":"2022","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib42","article-title":"Cardiovascular diseases in Africa in the twenty-first century: gaps and priorities going forward","volume":"9","author":"Minja","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.015","article-title":"Identifying the PECO: a framework for formulating good questions to explore the association of environmental and other exposures with health outcomes","volume":"121","author":"Morgan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18502\/jehsd.v6i4.8148","article-title":"Effects of extreme ambient temperature on cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review","author":"Moslehi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Health Sustain. Dev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3390\/cli11020030","article-title":"Apparent temperature modifies the effects of air pollution on cardiovascular disease mortality in cape town, South Africa","volume":"11","author":"Olutola","year":"2023","journal-title":"Climate"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4672","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18094672","article-title":"Climate change and health preparedness in Africa: analysing trends in six African countries","volume":"18","author":"Opoku","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1029\/2019EA000619","article-title":"Changing climate over Chad: is the rainfall over the major cities recovering?","volume":"6","author":"Pattnayak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Earth Space Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.03.070","article-title":"Air pollution and risk of respiratory and cardiovascular hospitalizations in the most populous city in Vietnam","volume":"557\u2013558","author":"Phung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.107825","article-title":"Heat-related cardiorespiratory mortality: effect modification by air pollution across 482 cities from 24 countries","volume":"174","author":"Rai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-017398","article-title":"Risk of sudden cardiac death in relation to season-specific cold spells: a case\u2013crossover study in Finland","volume":"7","author":"Ryti","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.11.001","article-title":"The association between ambient temperature and mortality in South Africa: a time-series analysis","volume":"161","author":"Scovronick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib53","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of environmental heat exposure on cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes mellitus in Low-& middle-income countries","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fclim.2024.1435138","article-title":"Impact of climatic variabilities and extreme incidences on the physical environment, public health, and people's livelihoods in Ethiopia","volume":"6","author":"Teku","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Clim."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13070698","article-title":"Ambient temperature and stroke occurrence: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.4260","article-title":"Climate change and human health in Africa in relation to opportunities to strengthen mitigating potential and adaptive capacity: strategies to inform an African \u201cBrains Trust.\u201d","volume":"90","author":"Wright","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145383","article-title":"A systematic review on the association between total and cardiopulmonary mortality\/morbidity or cardiovascular risk factors with long-term exposure to increased or decreased ambient temperature","volume":"772","author":"Zafeiratou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1553\/p-8z36-6mmj","article-title":"Extreme temperatures and morbidity in old age in Europe","volume":"22","author":"Zanasi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vienna Yearb. Popul. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108154","article-title":"Assessment of short-term heat effects on cardiovascular mortality and vulnerability factors using small area data in Europe","volume":"179","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Int."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001393512502064X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001393512502064X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T05:36:42Z","timestamp":1780119402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S001393512502064X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["S001393512502064X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A systematic review assessing the association between extreme temperature exposure and cardiovascular health outcomes in Africa","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122812","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"122812"}}