{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:17:44Z","timestamp":1773361064898,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000159","name":"Natural Resources Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000159","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020375","name":"Jarislowsky Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020375","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020605","name":"Forest Protection Limited","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020605","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011219","name":"Minist\u00e8re des For\u00eats, de la Faune et des Parcs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000196","name":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:18:43Z","timestamp":1762388323000},"page":"123282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"P2","title":["Methylmercury bioaccumulation and biomagnification in streams within forested catchments defoliated by spruce budworm"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"288","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7687-7614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. Sally","family":"Ju","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5619-1358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen A.","family":"Kidd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8538-5138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carl P.J.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1516-9728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik J.S.","family":"Emilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.1021\/es103532a","article-title":"Metal complexation properties of freshwater dissolved organic matter are explained by its aromaticity and by anthropogenic ligands","volume":"45","author":"Baken","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib2","article-title":"Guide de Reconnaissance Des Types _Ecologiques Des R\u00e9gions _Ecologiques 4g \u2013 c\u00f4te de La Baie Des Chaleur et 4h \u2013 c\u00f4te Gasp\u00e9sienne","author":"Berger","year":"2004","journal-title":"minist\u00e8re des Ressources naturelles, de la Faune et des Parcs, For\u00eat Qu\u00e9bec, Direction des inventaires forestiers, Division de la classification \u00e9cologique et productivit\u00e9 des stations"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1139\/er-2013-0040","article-title":"An introduction to Canada's boreal zone: ecosystem processes, health, sustainability, and environmental issues","volume":"21","author":"Brandt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2017.09.031","article-title":"Variation in fish mercury concentrations in streams of the Adirondack region, New York: a simplified screening approach using chemical metrics","volume":"84","author":"Burns","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/372255a0","article-title":"Modelling food chain structure and contaminant bioaccumulation using stable nitrogen isotopes","volume":"372","author":"Cabana","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5330","article-title":"Are there longitudinal effects of forest harvesting on carbon quality and flow and methylmercury bioaccumulation in primary consumers of temperate stream networks?","volume":"41","author":"Charbonneau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.1021\/es8027567","article-title":"Mercury cycling in stream ecosystems. 3. Trophic dynamics and methylmercury bioaccumulation","volume":"43","author":"Chasar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1890\/15-0025.1","article-title":"Dissolved organic carbon modulates mercury concentrations in insect subsidies from streams to terrestrial consumers","volume":"26","author":"Chaves-Ulloa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1991.10475776","article-title":"Hierarchical partitioning","volume":"45","author":"Chevan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. Statistician"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-013-1171-9","article-title":"Environmental, geographic and trophic influences on methylmercury concentrations in macroinvertebrates from lakes and wetlands across Canada","volume":"23","author":"Clayden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12047","DOI":"10.1021\/es4022975","article-title":"Mercury biomagnification through food webs is affected by physical and chemical characteristics of lakes","volume":"47","author":"Clayden","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6645","DOI":"10.1021\/es300760e","article-title":"Divalent base cations hamper Hg II uptake","volume":"46","author":"Daguen\u00e9","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03407-8","article-title":"Defoliation-induced changes in foliage quality may trigger broad-scale insect outbreaks","volume":"5","author":"de Grandpr\u00e9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2014.03.044","article-title":"Forest harvest effects on mercury in streams and biota in Norwegian boreal catchments","volume":"324","author":"de Wit","year":"2014","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2012.01.041","article-title":"Methylmercury bioaccumulation in invertebrates of boreal streams in Norway: effects of aqueous methylmercury and diet retention","volume":"164","author":"de Wit","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01189700","article-title":"The role of dissolved organic carbon in the chemistry and bioavailability of mercury in remote Adirondack lakes","volume":"80","author":"Driscoll","year":"1995","journal-title":"Water, Air, Soil Pollut."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1641\/B570106","article-title":"Mercury contamination in forest and freshwater ecosystems in the northeastern United States","volume":"57","author":"Driscoll","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioscience"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1007\/s10021-012-9586-3","article-title":"Forestry influence by stump harvest and site preparation on methylmercury, total mercury and other stream water chemistry parameters across a boreal landscape","volume":"15","author":"Ekl\u00f6f","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecosystems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4690","DOI":"10.1021\/es404879p","article-title":"Impact of forestry on total and methyl-mercury in surface waters: distinguishing effects of logging and site preparation","volume":"48","author":"Ekl\u00f6f","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.2278","article-title":"Linking stream ecosystem integrity to catchment and reach conditions in an intensively managed forest landscape","volume":"9","author":"Erdozain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecosphere"},{"issue":"G1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib21","first-page":"1009","article-title":"Declines in dissolved silica concentrations in western Virginia streams (1988\u20132003): Gypsy moth defoliation stimulates diatoms?","volume":"112","author":"Grady","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.: Biogeosciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.5558\/tfc82550-4","article-title":"Outbreak patterns of the spruce budworm and their impacts in Canada","volume":"82","author":"Gray","year":"2006","journal-title":"For. Chron."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-007-9317-5","article-title":"The relationship between climate and outbreak characteristics of the spruce budworm in Eastern Canada","volume":"87","author":"Gray","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clim. Change"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1139\/a01-013","article-title":"Inputs and outputs of mercury from terrestrial watersheds: a review","volume":"10","author":"Grigal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Rev."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3564","DOI":"10.1021\/es025699i","article-title":"Binding of mercury(II) to dissolved organic matter: the role of the mercury-to-DOM concentration ratio","volume":"36","author":"Haitzer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018071406537","article-title":"Food as the dominant pathway of methylmercury uptake by fish","volume":"100","author":"Hall","year":"1997","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1139\/X07-146","article-title":"The importance of catchment slope to soil water N and C concentrations in riparian zones: implications for riparian buffer width","volume":"38","author":"Hazlett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2004.03.011","article-title":"Growth dilution in multilevel food chains","volume":"178","author":"Herendeen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ecol. Model."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1007\/s002160050433","article-title":"Application of stable isotopes in environmental tracer studies \u2013 measurement of monomethylmercury (CH3Hg+) by isotope dilution ICP-MS and detection of species transformation","volume":"358","author":"Hintelmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Fresenius J. Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib30","first-page":"231","article-title":"Determination of stable mercury isotopes by ICP\/MS and their application in environmental studies","volume":"835","author":"Hintelmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biogeochem. Environ. Important Trace Elements"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-017-1006-7","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities for managing aquatic mercury pollution in altered landscapes","volume":"47","author":"Hsu-Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib32","series-title":"IAEA-158 Marine Sediment (Methyl Mercury)","year":"2008"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1890\/11-0874.1","article-title":"Aquatic and terrestrial organic matter in the diet of stream consumers: implications for mercury bioaccumulation","volume":"22","author":"Jardine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2013.01.013","article-title":"Food web analysis reveals effects of pH on mercury bioaccumulation at multiple trophic levels in streams","volume":"132\u2013133","author":"Jardine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7188","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b00742","article-title":"Mercury deposition and re-emission pathways in boreal forest soils investigated with Hg isotope signatures","volume":"49","author":"Jiskra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1139\/cjfas-2023-0261","article-title":"Effects of spruce budworm defoliation on in-stream algal production and carbon use by food webs","volume":"81","author":"Ju","year":"2024","journal-title":"Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.1021\/es026366o","article-title":"Effect of pH on mercury uptake by an aquatic bacterium: implications for Hg cycling","volume":"37","author":"Kelly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"51","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19380","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0609798104","article-title":"Forest fire increases mercury accumulation by fishes via food web restructuring and increased mercury inputs","volume":"103","author":"Kelly","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib39","author":"Kielstra"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13800","article-title":"Generalizing hierarchical and variation partitioning in multiple regression and canonical analyses using the rdacca.hp R package","volume":"13","author":"Lai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13385","DOI":"10.1021\/es403103t","article-title":"Biomagnification of mercury in aquatic food webs: a worldwide meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Lavoie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2006.10.013","article-title":"Changes in stream chemistry associated with insect defoliation in a Pennsylvania hemlock-hardwoods forest","volume":"238","author":"Lewis","year":"2007","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.1885","article-title":"Dissolved organic matter reduces algal accumulation of methylmercury","volume":"31","author":"Luengen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008985925162","article-title":"Regression and model-building in conservation biology, biogeography and ecology: the distinction between - and reconciliation of - \u201cpredictive\u201d and \u201cexplanatory\u201d models","volume":"9","author":"MacNally","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biodivers. Conserv."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-021-03274-9","article-title":"A review of freshwater invertebrates as biomonitors of methylmercury: the importance of more complete physical and chemical reporting","volume":"107","author":"Malcata Martins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib46","volume":"275","author":"Malo","year":"1993"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2726","DOI":"10.1021\/es802698v","article-title":"Mercury cycling in stream ecosystems. 2. Benthic methylmercury production and bed sediment - pore water partitioning","volume":"43","author":"Marvin-Dipasquale","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.3020","article-title":"Response of stream habitat and microbiomes to spruce budworm defoliation: new considerations for outbreak management","volume":"34","author":"McCaig","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib49","series-title":"Aires Infest\u00e9es Par La Tordeuse Des Bourgeons De L'Epinette Au Qu\u00e9bec En 2022","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.01905","article-title":"Changes in spatiotemporal patterns of 20th century spruce budworm outbreaks in Eastern Canadian boreal forests","volume":"9","author":"Navarro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib51","series-title":"Natural Resources","article-title":"The State of Canada's Forests: annual Report 2022","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119810","article-title":"Effects of forest management on mercury bioaccumulation and biomagnification along the river continuum","volume":"310","author":"Negrazis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib53","series-title":"DORM-3: Fish Protein Certified Reference Material for Trace Metals","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib54","series-title":"DORM-4: Fish Protein Certified Reference Material for Trace Metals","year":"2012"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4419","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.072531099","article-title":"Algal blooms reduce the uptake of toxic methylmercury in freshwater food webs","volume":"99","author":"Pickhardt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2003.11.011","article-title":"Interactions between mercury and dissolved organic matter - a review","volume":"55","author":"Ravichandran","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2770","DOI":"10.1139\/f05-181","article-title":"Predictive models of benthic invertebrate methylmercury in Ontario and Quebec lakes","volume":"62","author":"Rennie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-012-1003-3","article-title":"Influence of dietary carbon on mercury bioaccumulation in streams of the Adirondack Mountains of New York and the Coastal Plain of South Carolina, USA","volume":"22","author":"Riva-Murray","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib59","series-title":"Mercury in Fish, Bed Sediment, and Water from Streams Across the United States, 1998\u20132005","author":"Scudder","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2022.120397","article-title":"The effects of forest management on water quality","volume":"522","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8817.1986.tb02506.x","article-title":"Effect of tree canopy removal by gypsy moth larvae on the macroalgae of a Rhode Island headwater stream","volume":"22","author":"Sheath","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.168561","article-title":"Increasing spruce budworm defoliation increases catchment discharge in conifer forests","volume":"912","author":"Sidhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8535","DOI":"10.1021\/es900996z","article-title":"Elevated concentrations of methyl mercury in streams after forest clear-cut: a consequence of mobilization from soil or new methylation?","volume":"43","author":"Skyllberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5981","DOI":"10.1021\/es200332f","article-title":"Influence of dissolved organic carbon on methylmercury bioavailability across minnesota stream ecosystems","volume":"45","author":"Tsui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7016","DOI":"10.1021\/es901525w","article-title":"Mercury bioaccumulation in a stream network","volume":"43","author":"Tsui","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib66","series-title":"Mercury in Solids and Solutions by Thermal Decomposition, Amalgamation, and Atomic Absorption spectrophometry-method 7473-total Mercury","year":"1998"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05456.x","article-title":"Bioaccumulation syndrome: identifying factors that make some stream food webs prone to elevated mercury bioaccumulation","volume":"1195","author":"Ward","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1577\/T09-032.1","article-title":"Rapid, efficient growth reduces mercury concentrations in stream\u2010dwelling Atlantic Salmon","volume":"139","author":"Ward","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Fish. Soc."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049582","article-title":"Do low-mercury terrestrial resources subsidize low-mercury growth of stream fish? Differences between species along a productivity gradient","volume":"7","author":"Ward","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00476884","article-title":"Change in the acid-base status of an Appalachian mountain catchment following forest defoliation by the gypsy moth","volume":"85","author":"Webb","year":"1995","journal-title":"Water, Air, Soil Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.025","article-title":"Timber harvest alters mercury bioaccumulation and food web structure in headwater streams","volume":"253","author":"Willacker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26666-1","article-title":"Forest defoliator outbreaks alter nutrient cycling in northern waters","volume":"12","author":"Woodman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935125025356?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935125025356?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T12:46:50Z","timestamp":1773319610000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935125025356"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":72,"alternative-id":["S0013935125025356"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Methylmercury bioaccumulation and biomagnification in streams within forested catchments defoliated by spruce budworm","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123282","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"123282"}}