{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:13:40Z","timestamp":1790266420440,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010095","name":"R\u00e9gion Hauts-de-France","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22005848"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22005848"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031242","name":"Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020655","name":"European Health and Digital Executive Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020655","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018693","name":"Horizon Europe","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T16:38:05Z","timestamp":1764261485000},"page":"123439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["No measurable impact of acute 26\u00a0GHz 5G exposure on salivary stress markers in healthy adults"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"290","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7255-1658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Michelant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Hugueville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3687-436X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"L\u00e9v\u00eaque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0953-8280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brahim","family":"Selmaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-019-09843-x","article-title":"Salivary alpha-amylase as a biomarker of stress in behavioral medicine","volume":"27","author":"Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1080\/09553002.2019.1569776","article-title":"Effect of short exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on saliva biomarkers: a study on the electrohypersensitive individuals","volume":"95","author":"Andrianome","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib3","article-title":"\u00c9valuation de l\u2019exposition du public aux ondes \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tiques 5G \u2013 volet 3 interm\u00e9diaire : premiers r\u00e9sultats de mesures sur les pilotes 5G dans la bande 26 GHz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Juin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib4","series-title":"Radiofr\u00e9quences Et Sant\u00e9. Avis De L\u2019Agence Nationale De S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sanitaire De L\u2019A\u2019limentation, De L\u2019E\u2019nvironnement Et Du Travail","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib5","series-title":"Maisons-Alfort: Agence Nationale De S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sanitaire De L\u2019A\u2019limentation, De L\u2019E\u2019nvironnement Et Du Travail (ANSES)","article-title":"Mise \u00e0 jour de l\u2019expertise. Rapport d\u2019expertise collective","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-3988(10)60053-0","article-title":"Effects of exposure to GSM mobile phone base station signals on salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase, and immunoglobulin A","volume":"23","author":"Augner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomed. Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5278.58918","article-title":"Are people living next to mobile phone base stations more strained? Relationship of health concerns, self-estimated distance to base station, and psychological parameters","volume":"13","author":"Augner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02140.x","article-title":"Heart rate variability: origins, methods, and interpretive caveats","volume":"34","author":"Berntson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581815574348","article-title":"Cognitive impairment and neurogenotoxic effects in rats exposed to low-intensity microwave radiation","volume":"34","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Toxicol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1080\/00207450500403371","article-title":"Effect of electromagnetic fields emitted by cellular phones on the latency of evoked electrodermal activity","volume":"116","author":"Esen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","article-title":"G\u2217Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00765.2014","article-title":"Radiofrequency signal affects alpha band in resting electroencephalogram","volume":"113","author":"Ghosn","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2008.10.026","article-title":"Salivary cortisol as a biomarker in stress research","volume":"34","author":"Hellhammer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0000000000001210","article-title":"Guidelines for limiting exposure to electromagnetic fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz)","volume":"118","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib15","series-title":"IMT Vision \u2013 Framework and Overall Objectives of the Future Development of IMT for 2020 and Beyond","year":"2023"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6793","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20186793","article-title":"Assessment of electrical brain activity of healthy volunteers exposed to 3.5 GHz of 5G signals within environmental levels: a controlled-randomised study","volume":"20","author":"Jamal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1113\/EP092083","article-title":"Autonomous nervous system responses to environmental-level exposure to 5G\u2019s first deployed band (3.5 GHz) in healthy human volunteers","volume":"109","author":"Jamal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2017.08.17","article-title":"Stress and heart rate variability: a meta-analysis and review of the literature","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiat. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108940","article-title":"The effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure on biomarkers of oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro: a systematic review of experimental studies","volume":"194","author":"Meyer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.70014","article-title":"Impact of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on cardiac activity at rest: a systematic review of healthy human studies","volume":"46","author":"Michelant","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2004.09.009","article-title":"Human salivary alpha-amylase reactivity in a psychosocial stress paradigm","volume":"55","author":"Nater","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.51","article-title":"No effects of pulsed radio frequency electromagnetic fields on melatonin, cortisol, and selected markers of the immune system in man","volume":"22","author":"Radon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib23","series-title":"Preliminary Opinion on Scientific Evidence on Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields [Internet]","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.22310","article-title":"Association between Mobile phone radiation exposure and the secretion of melatonin and cortisol, two markers of the circadian system: a review","volume":"42","author":"Selmaoui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00258","article-title":"An overview of heart rate variability metrics and norms","volume":"5","author":"Shaffer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2004.06.007","article-title":"Effect of psychological stress on the salivary cortisol and amylase levels in healthy young adults","volume":"49","author":"Takai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109751","article-title":"Systematic reviews and meta-analyses for the WHO assessment of health effects of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, an introduction","volume":"203","author":"Verbeek","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.70021","article-title":"Looking for biomarkers which may explain idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields (IEI-EMF): does RF-EMF exposure influence salivary cortisol response?","volume":"46","author":"Verrender","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.70044","article-title":"What is the effect of alarmist media and radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure on salivary cortisol and non-specific symptoms?","volume":"17","author":"Verrender","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Psychol. Health Well Being"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1177\/000456328302000601","article-title":"Salivary cortisol: a better measure of adrenal cortical function than serum cortisol","volume":"20","author":"Vining","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110097","article-title":"Heart rate variability in healthy young adults exposed to global system for mobile communication (GSM) 900-MHz radiofrequency signal from mobile phones","volume":"191","author":"Wallace","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02560-0","article-title":"Modulation of magnetoencephalography alpha band activity by radiofrequency electromagnetic field depicted in sensor and source space","volume":"11","author":"Wallace","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935125026921?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935125026921?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T15:40:12Z","timestamp":1773848412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935125026921"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S0013935125026921"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"No measurable impact of acute 26\u00a0GHz 5G exposure on salivary stress markers in healthy adults","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2025.123439","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"123439"}}