{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T18:08:04Z","timestamp":1793210884367,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T16:40:10Z","timestamp":1767372010000},"page":"123680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ambient heat exposure as a risk factor for cataracts: Evidence from a nationwide claims-based study in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"292","author":[{"given":"Yoko","family":"Takayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0216-3869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natsuko","family":"Hatsusaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuya","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6458-5330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8336-1140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akimasa","family":"Hirata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00626-1","article-title":"Risk factors associated with age-related nuclear and cortical cataract: a case-control study in the age-related eye disease study, AREDS report no. 5","volume":"108","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13892","article-title":"Cataract and systemic disease: a review","volume":"49","author":"Ang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1080\/03610910902859574","article-title":"Using the standardized difference to compare the prevalence of a binary variable between two groups in observational research","volume":"38","author":"Austin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Commun. Stat. Simulat. Comput."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2000.16.285","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation and cataract","volume":"16","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Therapeut."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2210769","article-title":"Climate change, extreme heat, and health","volume":"390","author":"Bell","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02438-w","article-title":"Climate change and health: three grand challenges","volume":"29","author":"Campbell-Lendrum","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9347","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23169347","article-title":"Conformational changes of \u03b1-crystallin proteins induced by heat stress","volume":"23","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-025-00667-4","article-title":"Effects of ocular hypothermia: potential perspectives in vitreoretinal surgery","volume":"11","author":"Crincoli","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0b013e318223392e","article-title":"Ozone depletion and solar ultraviolet radiation: ocular effects, a United Nations environment programme perspective","volume":"37","author":"Cullen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib10","first-page":"1309","article-title":"Heat shock protein concentration and clarity of porcine lenses incubated at elevated temperatures","volume":"22","author":"Dzialoszynski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3390\/environments11050087","article-title":"Analysing the evidence of the effects of climate change, air pollutants, and occupational factors in the appearance of cataracts","volume":"11","author":"Echevarr\u00eda-Lucas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environments"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.158332","article-title":"Association between high temperature and heatwaves with heat-related illnesses: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"852","author":"Faurie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01203675","article-title":"A review of the evidence that ultraviolet irradiation is a risk factor in cataractogenesis","volume":"88","author":"Hightower","year":"1995","journal-title":"Doc. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.05.013","article-title":"Ischemic diabetic retinopathy may protect against nuclear sclerotic cataract","volume":"150","author":"Holekamp","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJO (Am. J. Ophthalmol.)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib16","article-title":"Changing trends in the global burden of cataract over the past 30 years: Retrospective data analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health and Surveillance"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5720","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17165720","article-title":"Heatwave-related mortality risk and the risk-based definition of heat wave in South Korea: a nationwide time-series study for 2011\u20132017","volume":"17","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int'l J Env Res & Pub Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib18","article-title":"Spatiotemporal extension of extreme heat stress over East Asia under shared socioeconomic pathways","volume":"42","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Weather Clim. Extrem."},{"issue":"59","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123832","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-31079-2","article-title":"Association of nuclear cataract prevalence with UV radiation and heat load in lens of older people-five city study","volume":"30","author":"Kinoshita","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114684","article-title":"Effects of long-term average temperature on cardiovascular disease hospitalizations in an American elderly population","volume":"216","author":"Klompmaker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2020.104009","article-title":"Model-based approach for analyzing prevalence of nuclear cataracts in elderly residents","volume":"126","author":"Kodera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib22","series-title":"Remote Sensing Land Surface Changes: the 1981-2020 Intensive Global Warming","first-page":"67","article-title":"The IPCC reports on global warming and land changes","author":"Kogan","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111285","article-title":"Heat-related mortality under climate change and the impact of adaptation through air conditioning: a case study from Thessaloniki, Greece","volume":"199","author":"Kouis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14091055","article-title":"Oxidative stress and cataract formation: evaluating the efficacy of antioxidant therapies","volume":"14","author":"Kulbay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2015.tb00612.x","article-title":"Heat stroke","volume":"5","author":"Leon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-14-94","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the risk of cataract in type 2 diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.5668","article-title":"Association of sex with the global burden of cataract","volume":"136","author":"Lou","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2008.08.021","article-title":"Climate change and extreme heat events","volume":"35","author":"Luber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.872030","article-title":"Associations of humidity and temperature with cataracts among older adults in China","volume":"10","author":"Lv","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fopht.2024.1414483","article-title":"UV light and the ocular lens: a review of exposure models and resulting biomolecular changes","volume":"4","author":"MacFarlane","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Ophthalmology."},{"issue":"5686","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1098704","article-title":"More intense, more frequent, and longer lasting heat waves in the 21st century","volume":"305","author":"Meehl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib32","series-title":"Heat Stoke, Manual of Environmental Health","year":"2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215338","article-title":"Association between ultraviolet radiation exposure dose and cataract in Han people living in China and Taiwan: a cross-sectional study","volume":"14","author":"Miyashita","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13734","article-title":"Cataract frequency and subtypes involved in workers assessed for their solar radiation exposure: a systematic review","volume":"96","author":"Modenese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3164734","article-title":"The role of the reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in the pathomechanism of the age\u2010related ocular diseases and other pathologies of the anterior and posterior eye segments in adults","volume":"2016","author":"Nita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib36","article-title":"Diabetic cataract\u2014pathogenesis, epidemiology and treatment","volume":"2010","author":"Pollreisz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114831","article-title":"Analysis of the heat-and cold-related cardiovascular mortality in an urban mediterranean environment through various thermal indices","volume":"216","author":"Psistaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s12561-016-9157-9","article-title":"Understanding landmarking and its relation with time-dependent Cox regression","volume":"9","author":"Putter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Statistics in biosciences."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.11.16","article-title":"Characteristics of cataracts in the Chinese Singaporean","volume":"11","author":"Sasaki","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib40","first-page":"4136","article-title":"Cataract in diabetes; the reykjavik eye study","volume":"47","author":"Sasaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2008.621","article-title":"The gel state of the vitreous and ascorbate-dependent oxygen consumption: relationship to the etiology of nuclear cataracts","volume":"127","author":"Shui","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib42","first-page":"781","article-title":"Physical factors in cataractogenesis: ambient ultraviolet radiation and temperature","volume":"27","author":"Sliney","year":"1986","journal-title":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.118202","article-title":"Projection of future heat-related morbidity in three metropolitan prefectures of Japan based on large ensemble simulations of climate change under 2\u00b0 C global warming scenarios","volume":"247","author":"Ueta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-013-2825-y","article-title":"CEM43\u00b0C thermal dose thresholds: a potential guide for magnetic resonance radiofrequency exposure levels?","volume":"23","author":"van Rhoon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib45","series-title":"World Report on Vision","year":"2019"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9122670","article-title":"Effect of a lens protein in low-temperature culture of novel immortalized human lens epithelial cells (iHLEC-NY2)","volume":"9","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/s41612-022-00303-0","article-title":"Recent frontiers of climate changes in East Asia at global warming of 1.5\u00b0 C and 2\u00b0 C","volume":"5","author":"You","year":"2022","journal-title":"npj Clim. Atmos. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2012.680526","article-title":"Involvement of oxidative stress and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in heat stress-induced injury in the rat small intestine","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stress"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2000.16.161","article-title":"Lens UVA photobiology","volume":"16","author":"Zigman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Therapeut."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/jnme\/1638244","article-title":"Glutamine supplementation: a possible strategy to help mitigate health risks of heat\u2010related illness","volume":"2024","author":"Zuhl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism"}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935126000083?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935126000083?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T08:37:00Z","timestamp":1781685420000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935126000083"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0013935126000083"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ambient heat exposure as a risk factor for cataracts: Evidence from a nationwide claims-based study in Japan","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2026.123680","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"123680"}}