{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T23:21:39Z","timestamp":1789600899079,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001273","name":"Children with Cancer UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19-309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-309"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001273","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:48:44Z","timestamp":1774486124000},"page":"124369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Serum concentrations of selenium, selenium species and metals in children newly diagnosed with leukemia: a hospital-based case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"299","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0551-2473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Vinceti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1490-5508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Urbano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Michalke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2138-3752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren A.","family":"Wise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Caterina","family":"Putti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5507-3894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eloise","family":"Pulvirenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8313-7077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Favara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia Di","family":"Federico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Zagnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Adani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annadiletta","family":"Don\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Patti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giada","family":"Biddeci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrica","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9369-7473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Arabbito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gea","family":"Oliveri Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7726-9329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Fiore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Ferrante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Di Benedetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Scuderi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piergiorgio","family":"Gamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pier Luca","family":"Ceccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Palazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Pancaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0287-7338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Fustinoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1719-7204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcella","family":"Malavolti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2100-0344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Filippini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-021-01030-w","article-title":"Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) topsoil levels and incidence of childhood leukemias","volume":"44","author":"Asenjo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Geochem. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27230F","article-title":"Methods of assessment of selenium status in humans: a systematic review","volume":"89","author":"Ashton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2019.100617","article-title":"Too much iron: a masked foe for leukemias","volume":"39","author":"Brissot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.03.029","article-title":"Determinants of active and environmental exposure to tobacco smoke and upper reference value of urinary cotinine in not exposed individuals","volume":"148","author":"Campo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib4","first-page":"981","article-title":"Copper, zinc, and iron in normal and leukemic lymphocytes from children","volume":"46","author":"Carpentieri","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01679-y","article-title":"Cellular zinc metabolism and zinc signaling: from biological functions to diseases and therapeutic targets","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib6","article-title":"Association of selenium with type 2 diabetes and obesity: a univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization study","volume":"104","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2013.146","article-title":"Zinc supplementation in children and adolescents with acute leukemia","volume":"67","author":"Consolo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib8","first-page":"3471","article-title":"Altered serum levels of elements in acute leukemia cases in Turkey","volume":"12","author":"Demir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib9","first-page":"91","article-title":"The influence of menopause and habitual smoking upon serum zinc, serum copper and the cardiovascular and immune parameters of women","volume":"13","author":"Di Gioacchino","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib10","first-page":"630","article-title":"Baseline characteristics and the effect of selenium supplementation on cancer incidence in a randomized clinical trial: a summary report of the nutritional prevention of cancer trial","volume":"11","author":"Duffield-Lillico","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib11","article-title":"Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for selenium","volume":"21","author":"EFSA Panel on Nutrition Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA)","year":"2023","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib12","article-title":"Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for manganese","volume":"21","author":"EFSA Panel on Nutrition Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA)","year":"2023","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2018.03.001","article-title":"Dietary intake of cadmium, chromium, copper, manganese, selenium and zinc in a northern Italy community","volume":"50","author":"Filippini","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46002","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP4381","article-title":"Association between outdoor air pollution and childhood leukemia: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"127","author":"Filippini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3340","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.6379","article-title":"Determinants of serum manganese levels in an Italian population","volume":"15","author":"Filippini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib16","first-page":"195","article-title":"Exposure estimation in the presence of nondetectable values: another look","volume":"62","author":"Finkelstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.2174\/1573411011309030014","article-title":"A validated method for urinary cotinine quantification used to classify active and environmental tobacco smoke exposure","volume":"9","author":"Fustinoni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9060624","article-title":"Zinc in infection and inflammation","volume":"9","author":"Gammoh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4274","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-59531-6","article-title":"CREBBP inactivation sensitizes B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia to ferroptotic cell death upon BCL2 inhibition","volume":"16","author":"Garcia-Gimenez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.10.009","article-title":"Environmental and dietary exposure of young children to inorganic trace elements","volume":"97","author":"Glorennec","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2008.07.004","article-title":"Elevated copper and oxidative stress in cancer cells as a target for cancer treatment","volume":"35","author":"Gupte","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108787","article-title":"Toenails as biomarker of exposure to essential trace metals: a review","volume":"179","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0946-672X(96)80006-X","article-title":"Determination of selenium in the serum of healthy Swiss adults and correlation to dietary intake","volume":"10","author":"Haldimann","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.10.046","article-title":"Maternal infection in pregnancy and childhood leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"217","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.0097","article-title":"Risk of childhood cancer by maternal birthplace: a test of the Hispanic paradox","volume":"170","author":"Heck","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2013.12.003","article-title":"Risk of leukemia in relation to exposure to ambient air toxics in pregnancy and early childhood","volume":"217","author":"Heck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.111356","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children: epidemiological trends analysis from 1990 to 2021","volume":"27","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200101000-00004","article-title":"Drinking water contaminants and childhood leukemia","volume":"12","author":"Infante-Rivard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3306-9","article-title":"Selenoprotein P as a diabetes-associated hepatokine that impairs angiogenesis by inducing VEGF resistance in vascular endothelial cells","volume":"57","author":"Ishikura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1039\/B712693J","article-title":"Speciation analysis of selenoproteins in human serum by solid-phase extraction and affinity HPLC hyphenated to ICP-quadrupole MS","volume":"23","author":"Jitaru","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Anal. At. Spectrom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2553","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.313267","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic significance of serum levels of SeP (selenoprotein P) in patients with pulmonary hypertension","volume":"39","author":"Kikuchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2018.1540043","article-title":"Quantifying the association between acute leukemia and serum zinc, copper, and selenium: a meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ladas EJ, Orjuela M, Stevenson K, Cole PD, Lin M, Athale UH, Clavell LA, Leclerc JM, Michon B, Schorin MA, Welch JG, Asselin BL, Sallan SE, Silverman LB, Kelly KM. 2016. Dietary intake and childhood leukemia: the diet and acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment (DALLT) cohort study. Nutrition 32, 1103\u20131109 e1. doi: 10.1016\/j.nut.2016.03.014.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2016.03.014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834681","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.834681","article-title":"Ferroptosis: redox imbalance and hematological tumorigenesis","volume":"12","author":"Lan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib34","first-page":"248","article-title":"Serum copper investigations in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"105","author":"Legutko","year":"1978","journal-title":"Folia Haematol. Int. Mag. Klin. Morphol. Blutforsch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14698-y","article-title":"Inflammation mobilizes copper metabolism to promote colon tumorigenesis via an IL-17-STEAP4-XIAP axis","volume":"11","author":"Liao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115647","article-title":"Urinary copper, systemic inflammation, and blood lipid profiles: Wuhan-Zhuhai cohort study","volume":"267","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2016.09.015","article-title":"Passive exposure to agricultural pesticides and risk of childhood leukemia in an Italian community","volume":"219","author":"Malagoli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116320","article-title":"Residential exposure to magnetic fields from high-voltage power lines and risk of childhood leukemia","volume":"232","author":"Malagoli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.118043","article-title":"Residential exposure to magnetic fields from transformer stations and risk of childhood leukemia","volume":"245","author":"Malavolti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1159\/000460253","article-title":"Elevated levels of selenium species in cerebrospinal fluid of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with disease-associated gene mutations","volume":"17","author":"Mandrioli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurodegener. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-023-00402-x","article-title":"A state-of-the-science review on metal biomarkers","volume":"10","author":"Martinez-Morata","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Environ. Health Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz304","article-title":"Adjusting plasma or serum zinc concentrations for inflammation: biomarkers reflecting inflammation and nutritional determinants of anemia (BRINDA) project","volume":"111","author":"McDonald","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehdi WA, Yusof F, Mehde AA, Zainulabdeen JA, Raus RA, Abdulbari AS. Mehdi, W.A., et al., 2015. Effects of acute lymphoblastic leukemia on ceruloplasmin oxidase, copper and several markers of oxidative damage, in children. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 16, 5205\u20135210. doi: 10.7314\/apjcp.2015.16.13.5205.","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2015.16.13.5205"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-4268H","article-title":"Childhood leukemia: a preventable disease","volume":"138","author":"Metayer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000141","article-title":"Maternal supplementation with folic acid and other vitamins and risk of leukemia in offspring: a childhood leukemia international consortium study","volume":"25","author":"Metayer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.09.015","article-title":"A liver-derived secretory protein, selenoprotein P, causes insulin resistance","volume":"12","author":"Misu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01863-z","article-title":"Selenoprotein P-neutralizing antibodies improve insulin secretion and glucose sensitivity in type 2 diabetes mouse models","volume":"8","author":"Mita","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V83.3.749.749","article-title":"Plasma zinc level and thymic hormone activity in young cancer patients","volume":"83","author":"Mocchegiani","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-019-0139-0","article-title":"Blood mercury, lead, cadmium, manganese and selenium levels in pregnant women and their determinants: the Japan environment and Children\u2019s study (JECS)","volume":"29","author":"Nakayama","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2023.12.007","article-title":"Modulatory role of welding fumes on serum zinc and copper levels and oxidative stress markers among welders: considering smoking as a possible implication","volume":"12","author":"Nwogueze","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16727","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35067-2","article-title":"Serum selenoprotein P, but not selenium, predicts future hyperglycemia in a general Japanese population","volume":"8","author":"Oo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110566","article-title":"Selenoprotein P-mediated reductive stress impairs cold-induced thermogenesis in brown fat","volume":"38","author":"Oo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rasin, P, V, AA, Basheer, S, Haribabu, J, Santibanez, JF, Garrote, CA, Arulraj, A, Mangalaraja, RV, 2025. Exposure to cadmium and its impacts on human health: a short review. J. Hazard. Mater. Adv. 17, 100608. doi: 10.1016\/j.hazadv.2025.100608.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hazadv.2025.100608"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2026.106586","article-title":"Proof of concept for an age- and inflammation-adjusted model for the establishment of pediatric serum copper reference intervals","volume":"58","author":"Rodriguez-Gonzalez","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18832","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-025-36770-0","article-title":"Infant exposure and risk assessment to metals through breast milk from Spanish lactating mothers","volume":"32","author":"S\u00e1ez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.19-31","article-title":"Selenoprotein P as an in vivo redox regulator: disorders related to its deficiency and excess","volume":"66","author":"Saito","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2021.04.001","article-title":"Role of iron in cancer","volume":"76","author":"Salnikow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00484034","article-title":"Efficiency of ICP emission spectroscopy for the determination of trace elements in bio-medical and environmental samples","volume":"310","author":"Schramel","year":"1982","journal-title":"Fresenius\u2019 Z. f\u00fcr Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34062","article-title":"Infant feeding practices and childhood acute leukemia: findings from the childhood cancer & leukemia international consortium","volume":"151","author":"Schraw","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-31801999000100003","article-title":"Nutritional assessment and serum zinc and copper concentration in leukemic children","volume":"117","author":"Sgarbieri","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-31802006000600003","article-title":"Nutritional assessment and serum zinc and copper concentration among children with acute lymphocytic leukemia: a longitudinal study","volume":"124","author":"Sgarbieri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e740","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000740","article-title":"Cadmium status among pediatric cancer patients in Egypt","volume":"94","author":"Sherief","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1039\/b701206c","article-title":"Determination of selenoprotein P in submicrolitre samples of human plasma using micro-affinity chromatography coupled with low flow ICP-MS","volume":"22","author":"Shigeta","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Anal. At. Spectrom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2502098","article-title":"Medical imaging and pediatric and adolescent hematologic cancer risk","volume":"393","author":"Smith-Bindman","year":"2025","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Snoj Tratnik, J, Kocman, D, Horvat, M, Andersson, AM, Juul, A, Jacobsen, E, \u00d3lafsd\u00f3ttir, K, Klanova, J, Andryskova, L, Janasik, B, Wasowicz, W, Janev Holcer, N, Namorado, S, Coelho, I, Rambaud, L, Riou, M, Van Nieuwenhuyse, A, Appenzeller, B, Kolossa-Gehring, M, Weber, T, Esteban-L\u00f3pez, M, Casta\u00f1o, A, Gilles, L, Rodriguez Marti, L, Schoeters, G, Sepai, O, Govarts, E, 2022. Cadmium exposure in adults across Europe: results from the HBM4EU aligned studies survey 2014-2020. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 246, 114050. doi: 10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114050.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114050"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib66","first-page":"571340","article-title":"Association between petroleum compounds exposure and risk of childhood leukemia: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Soliman","year":"2026","journal-title":"Blood Lymphat. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-012-6294-y","article-title":"Selenium speciation in paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples","volume":"405","author":"Solovyev","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-92033-2_18","article-title":"Iron and cancer","volume":"1480","author":"Torti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34091","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-14812-4","article-title":"Association of serum copper, zinc and copper to zinc ratio in patients with acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"15","author":"Ullah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127765","article-title":"Biomarkers of total selenium and selenium species in paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples","volume":"92","author":"Urbano","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10101516","article-title":"Association of urinary and dietary selenium and of serum selenium species with serum alanine aminotransferase in a healthy Italian population","volume":"10","author":"Urbano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161584","article-title":"Selenium exposure and urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2\u2019-deoxyguanosine: major effects of chemical species and sex","volume":"870","author":"Urbano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2025.06.006","article-title":"Iron species in cerebrospinal fluid and dementia risk in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: a cohort study","author":"Urbano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-016-0107-y","article-title":"Is urinary cadmium a biomarker of long-term exposure in humans? A review","volume":"3","author":"Vacchi-Suzzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Environ. Health Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127641","article-title":"Risk assessment of trace elements in human breastmilk in a northern Italy population","volume":"89","author":"Venturelli","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.06.009","article-title":"Long-term mortality patterns in a residential cohort exposed to inorganic selenium in drinking water","volume":"150","author":"Vinceti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-017-0323-1","article-title":"A selenium species in cerebrospinal fluid predicts conversion to Alzheimer's dementia in persons with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"9","author":"Vinceti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3323","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.6377","article-title":"Health risk assessment of environmental selenium: emerging evidence and challenges (Review)","volume":"15","author":"Vinceti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113092","article-title":"Safety of selenium exposure and limitations of selenoprotein maximization: molecular and epidemiologic perspectives","volume":"211","author":"Vinceti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-018-0422-8","article-title":"Selenium exposure and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Vinceti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-018-0213-0","article-title":"Environmental selenium and human health: an update","volume":"5","author":"Vinceti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Environ. Health Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111210","article-title":"A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of exposure to environmental selenium and the risk of type 2 diabetes in nonexperimental studies","volume":"197","author":"Vinceti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2015.02.001","article-title":"Selenium speciation in human serum and its implications for epidemiologic research: a cross-sectional study","volume":"31","author":"Vinceti","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-012-9727-1","article-title":"Leukemia risk in children exposed to benzene and PM10 from vehicular traffic: a case-control study in an Italian population","volume":"27","author":"Vinceti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8792","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-36084-6","article-title":"Selenoprotein P concentrations and risk of progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia","volume":"13","author":"Vinceti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-024-04311-4","article-title":"Changes in cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of selenium species induced by tofersen administration in subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis carrying SOD1 gene mutations","volume":"203","author":"Vinceti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.04.097","article-title":"Cancer incidence following long-term consumption of drinking water with high inorganic selenium content","volume":"635","author":"Vinceti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1039\/d0mt00051e","article-title":"The study of levels from redox-active elements in cerebrospinal fluid of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients carrying disease-related gene mutations shows potential copper dyshomeostasis","volume":"12","author":"Violi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-019-1397-3","article-title":"Iron and leukemia: new insights for future treatments","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib90","first-page":"19","article-title":"Changes of some trace elements and nutritional proteins in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia at stages of onset","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103571","article-title":"Global incidence of childhood cancer by subtype in 2022: a population-based registry study","volume":"89","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2015.9","article-title":"Dust metal loadings and the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"25","author":"Whitehead","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457943","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1457943","article-title":"Trace element zinc metabolism and its relation to tumors","volume":"15","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935126007000?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935126007000?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T04:14:17Z","timestamp":1779509657000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935126007000"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":95,"alternative-id":["S0013935126007000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Serum concentrations of selenium, selenium species and metals in children newly diagnosed with leukemia: a hospital-based case-control study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124369","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"124369"}}