{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T06:27:12Z","timestamp":1793600832031,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012154","name":"Graduate Research and Innovation Projects of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SJCX25 _0540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SJCX25 _0540"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012154","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZX2023SZY117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZX2023SZY117"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GYZX230413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GYZX230413"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007166","name":"JIangsu Education Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52400170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52400170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T16:33:54Z","timestamp":1774542834000},"page":"124370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Co-hydrothermal carbonization of typical plastics waste and garden waste: Effect of plastic additives on hydrochar formation and properties"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"299","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8458-3252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weibo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zehua","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib2","first-page":"830","article-title":"Terephthalic acid copolyesters containing tetramethylcyclobutanediol for high-performance plastics","volume":"10","author":"Bhagia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240247","DOI":"10.4491\/eer.2024.247","article-title":"Impact of key parameters on the hydrothermal carbonization process of sewage sludge: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Canencio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Eng. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2025.144838","article-title":"Hydrothermal carbonization \u2013 a critical overview of its environmental and economic sustainability","volume":"491","author":"Cavali","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2016.08.031","article-title":"Morphological characteristics of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) dechlorination during pyrolysis process: influence of PVC content and heating rate","volume":"58","author":"Cao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.174110","article-title":"Enhancing sustainable waste management: hydrothermal carbonization of polyethylene terephthalate and polystyrene plastics for energy recovery","volume":"946","author":"Che","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2024.130552","article-title":"Taguchi optimisation of the synthesis of vine-pruning-waste hydrochar as potential adsorbent for pesticides in water","volume":"399","author":"Duran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160721","article-title":"Pyrolytic conversion of waste plastics to energy products: a review on yields, properties, and production costs","volume":"861","author":"Faisal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2013.04.084","article-title":"Conversion of sewage sludge to clean solid fuel using hydrothermal carbonization: hydrochar fuel characteristics and combustion behavior","volume":"111","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-matsci-081320-032344","article-title":"Innovations toward the valorization of plastics waste","volume":"52","author":"Hinton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Mater. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2024.01.024","article-title":"Review of waste plastics treatment and utilization: efficient conversion and high value utilization","volume":"183","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2019.116033","article-title":"Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of marine plastic debris","volume":"257","author":"I\u00f1iguez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3390\/pr14010053","article-title":"Decomposition behavior of bisphenol a under subcritical water conditions: a response surface methodology approach","volume":"14","author":"Irgoli\u010d","year":"2026","journal-title":"Processes"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202401163","article-title":"Cellulose acetates in hydrothermal carbonization: a green pathway to valorize residual bioplastics","volume":"18","author":"Ischia","year":"2025","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2016.12.064","article-title":"Energy performance of an integrated bio-and-thermal hybrid system for lignocellulosic biomass waste treatment","volume":"228","author":"Kan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2018.12.072","article-title":"Properties of hydrochars derived from swine manure by CaO assisted hydrothermal carbonization","volume":"233","author":"Lang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2025.116481","article-title":"Co-hydrothermal carbonization of polyvinyl chloride and shrimp shells for carbon materials: synergistic conversion and electrochemical properties","volume":"13","author":"Ling","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resenv.2022.100098","article-title":"Green waste characteristics and sustainable recycling options","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Resources, Environment and Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.152167","article-title":"Insights into PVC-promoted hydrothermal carbonization of manure: dechlorination, inorganic metals removal, and combustion behaviors","volume":"491","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2012.04.060","article-title":"Sorption of tetracycline on organo-montmorillonites","volume":"225\u2013226","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2023.119586","article-title":"The influence of biomass type on hydrothermal carbonization: role of calcium oxalate in enhancing carbon sequestration of hydrochar","volume":"349","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2020.08.040","article-title":"Dechlorination of polyvinyl chloride by hydrothermal treatment with cupric ion","volume":"146","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2011.12.008","article-title":"Effect of sample preparation on the thermal degradation of metal-added biomass","volume":"94","author":"Mayer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2024.119969","article-title":"Plastic waste upcycling into carbon nanomaterials in circular economy: synthesis, applications, and environmental aspects","volume":"234","author":"Mehta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3120","DOI":"10.1007\/s10924-023-02792-3","article-title":"Hydrothermal treatment of waste plastics: an environmental impact Study","volume":"31","author":"Ozoemena","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Polym. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2020.118926","article-title":"Clean solid fuel produced from cotton textiles waste through hydrothermal carbonization with FeCl3: upgrading the fuel quality and combustion characteristics","volume":"214","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.120667","article-title":"Nitrogen-doped porous hydrochar for enhanced chromium(VI) and bisphenol a scavenging: synergistic effect of chemical activation and hydrothermal doping","volume":"267","author":"Qu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hydromet.2013.11.003","article-title":"Effects of surface properties of activated carbon on the adsorption mechanism of copper cyanocomplexes","volume":"142","author":"Souza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hydrometallurgy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163433","article-title":"A critical review and future perspective of plastic waste recycling","volume":"881","author":"Tiwari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2024.143007","article-title":"Adsorption of tetracycline by hydrochar derived from co-hydrothermal carbonization of polyvinyl chloride and garden waste: adsorption characteristics and enhancement mechanism","volume":"467","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.04.282","article-title":"Preparation, modification and environmental application of biochar: a review","volume":"227","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26062551","article-title":"Hydrothermal carbonization of heavy metal-contaminated biomass: migration, transformation, and ecological stability changes of metals","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2018.03.071","article-title":"A review of the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass waste for hydrochar formation: process conditions, fundamentals, and physicochemical properties","volume":"90","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2021.122350","article-title":"Co-hydrothermal carbonization of pomelo peel and PVC for production of hydrochar pellets with enhanced fuel properties and dechlorination","volume":"239","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17326","DOI":"10.1039\/D4RA02165G","article-title":"Co-hydrothermal carbonization of pretreated sludge and polyethylene terephthalate for the preparation of low-nitrogen clean solid fuels","volume":"14","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.combustflame.2017.12.026","article-title":"Chemical-looping combustion of plastic wastes for in situ inhibition of dioxins","volume":"191","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Combust. Flame"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2017.1317841","article-title":"Dechlorination of PVC wastes by hydrothermal treatment using alkaline additives","volume":"39","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.05.156","article-title":"Products derived from waste plastics (PC, HIPS, ABS, PP and PA6) via hydrothermal treatment: characterization and potential applications","volume":"207","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2025.107502","article-title":"Synergistic enhancement of dechlorination and hydrochar performance via co-hydrothermal carbonization of textile dyeing sludge and garden waste","volume":"194","author":"Zhao","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5840","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16175840","article-title":"Migration mechanism of chlorine during hydrothermal treatment of rigid PVC plastics","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Materials"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2024.114141","article-title":"Hydrothermal carbonization of coking sludge: migration behavior of heavy metals and magnetic separation performance of hydrochar","volume":"12","author":"Zhong","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935126007012?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935126007012?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T05:35:29Z","timestamp":1793597729000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935126007012"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0013935126007012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Co-hydrothermal carbonization of typical plastics waste and garden waste: Effect of plastic additives on hydrochar formation and properties","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124370","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"124370"}}