{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T05:43:09Z","timestamp":1789191789548,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008666","name":"Marathon Foundation of Tv3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008666","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008062","name":"Alicia Koplowitz Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Spain Ministry of Science Innovation and Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Carlos III Health Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T15:01:08Z","timestamp":1776351668000},"page":"124527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prenatal exposure to 33 endocrine-disrupting chemicals and pubertal development at age 9 in Spain"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"301","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Beneito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3919-0011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Carrizosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7285-8748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oihane","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7305-6564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blanca","family":"Sarzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Llop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7647-7900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Esplugues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7391-5768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan O.","family":"Grimalt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1256-1713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Schettgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2918-323X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amrit K.","family":"Sakhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Murcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7370-1842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6165-3465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferran","family":"Ballester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1202-8740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria-Jose","family":"Lopez-Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2019.01.007","article-title":"Maternal copper status and neuropsychological development in infants and preschool children","volume":"222","author":"Amor\u00f3s","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib2","first-page":"975","article-title":"Diurnal rhythm of testosterone secretion before and throughout puberty in healthy girls: correlation with 17beta-estradiol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate","volume":"84","author":"Ankarberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-025-01794-x","article-title":"Establishing the mechanisms involved in the environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the risk of Male infertility","volume":"32","author":"Anvari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117703","article-title":"Early menarche and other endocrine disrupting effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in adolescents from Northern Norway. The fit futures study","volume":"242","author":"Averina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2016.06.017","article-title":"Organochlorine pesticides and female puberty in South Kazakhstan","volume":"65","author":"Bapayeva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-018-9049-9","article-title":"Organochlorine pesticides exposure in female adolescents: potential impact on sexual hormones and interleukin-1 levels","volume":"66","author":"Bapayeva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP3424","article-title":"Association of prenatal urinary concentrations of phthalates and bisphenol A and pubertal timing in boys and girls","volume":"126","author":"Berger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159423","article-title":"Prenatal environmental exposure to persistent organic pollutants and reproductive hormone profile and pubertal development in Dutch adolescents","volume":"19","author":"Berghuis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib9","article-title":"Characteristics related to the prevalence of minimal or mild endometriosis in infertile women","author":"B\u00e9rub\u00e9","year":"1998","journal-title":"Canadian Collaborative Group on Endometriosis. Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0299433","article-title":"Pubertal timing: a life course pathway linking early life risk to adulthood cardiometabolic health","volume":"19","author":"Bleil","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxu058","article-title":"Bayesian kernel machine regression for estimating the health effects of multi-pollutant mixtures","volume":"16","author":"Bobb","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfw079","article-title":"Multiple endocrine disrupting effects in rats perinatally exposed to butylparaben","volume":"152","author":"Boberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr3613","article-title":"Timing of pubertal stages and breast cancer risk: the breakthrough generations study","volume":"16","author":"Bodicoat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0602-x","article-title":"Pubertal development and prostate cancer risk: mendelian randomization study in a population-based cohort","volume":"14","author":"Bonilla","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2013-0324","article-title":"The effect of earlier puberty on cardiometabolic risk factors in Afro-Caribbean children","volume":"27","author":"Boyne","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP154","article-title":"Associations of peripubertal serum dioxin and polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations with pubertal timing among Russian boys","volume":"124","author":"Burns","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113218","article-title":"Associations of prepubertal urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations with pubertal onset among a longitudinal cohort of boys","volume":"212","author":"Burns","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020419","article-title":"The role of fetal, infant, and childhood nutrition in the timing of sexual maturation","volume":"13","author":"Calcaterra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105469","article-title":"Onset and tempo of sexual maturation is differentially associated with gestational phthalate exposure between boys and girls in a Mexico City birth cohort","volume":"136","author":"Cathey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13246238","article-title":"Timing of the pubertal growth spurt and prostate cancer","volume":"13","author":"C\u00e9lind","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2594","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2644","article-title":"Influence of age at menarche on forearm bone microstructure in healthy young women","volume":"93","author":"Chevalley","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.120056","article-title":"Prenatal and childhood exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and early thelarche in 8-year-old girls: a prospective study using Bayesian kernel regression","volume":"263","author":"Choe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5935","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b06263","article-title":"Dietary and household sources of prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the INMA birth cohort (Spain)","volume":"50","author":"Costa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.043497","article-title":"Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents","volume":"85","author":"De Onis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2010.2","article-title":"Internal exposure to pollutants and sexual maturation in Flemish adolescents","volume":"21","author":"Den Hond","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-7795.2010.00722.x","article-title":"Puberty and its measurement: a decade in review","volume":"21","author":"Dorn","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Res. Adolesc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.032","article-title":"Age at menarche and cardiometabolic risk in adulthood: the coronary artery risk development in young adults study","volume":"167","author":"Dreyfus","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327118756720","article-title":"Urinary bisphenol A levels in Turkish girls with premature thelarche","volume":"37","author":"Durmaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.8918","article-title":"Association between age at puberty and bone accrual from 10 to 25 years of age","volume":"2","author":"Elhakeem","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP3567","article-title":"Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances during fetal life and pubertal development in boys and girls from the Danish national birth cohort","volume":"127","author":"Ernst","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2016.11.001","article-title":"In utero and childhood DDT, DDE, PBDE and PCBs exposure and sex hormones in adolescent boys: the CHAMACOS study","volume":"220","author":"Eskenazi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S172","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1813D","article-title":"Examination of US puberty-timing data from 1940 to 1994 for secular trends: panel findings","volume":"121","author":"Euling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.06.002","article-title":"Prenatal and peripubertal phthalates and bisphenol A in relation to sex hormones and puberty in boys","volume":"47","author":"Ferguson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c06062","article-title":"Exposure to Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and timing of puberty in Norwegian boys: data from the bergen growth study 2","author":"Forthun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2012.01260.x","article-title":"High urinary phthalate concentration associated with delayed pubarche in girls","volume":"35","author":"Frederiksen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2024.114418","article-title":"Association of prenatal exposure to phthalates and synthetic phenols with pubertal development in three European cohorts","volume":"261","author":"Freire","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113606","article-title":"Association of prenatal phthalate exposure with pubertal development in Spanish boys and girls","volume":"213","author":"Freire","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7287","article-title":"Prenatal DDT exposure in relation to anthropometric and pubertal measures in adolescent males","volume":"112","author":"Gladen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(00)90012-X","article-title":"Pubertal growth and development and prenatal and lactational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene","volume":"136","author":"Gladen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2012.07.005","article-title":"Reproductive hormone profile and pubertal development in 14-year-old boys prenatally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls","volume":"34","author":"Grandjean","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.139054","article-title":"Associations between exposure to a mixture of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and age at menarche in adolescent girls utilizing three statistical models","volume":"335","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-003-0487-9","article-title":"Yucheng: health effects of prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dibenzofurans","volume":"77","author":"Guo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113633","article-title":"Concentrations of urinary parabens and reproductive hormones in girls 6\u201317 years living in Canada","volume":"231","author":"Guth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr054","article-title":"Cohort profile: the INMA-INfancia y medio ambiente-(environment and childhood) project","volume":"41","author":"Guxens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3390\/pollutants4010009","article-title":"Overview of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), their applications, sources, and potential impacts on human health","volume":"4","author":"Habib","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pollutants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey337","article-title":"Association of phthalates, parabens and phenols found in personal care products with pubertal timing in girls and boys","volume":"34","author":"Harley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00320","article-title":"The impact of prenatal exposure to bisphenol A on Male reproductive function","volume":"11","author":"Hart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3992","article-title":"Effects of intrauterine exposure to 2,3\u2032,4,4\u2032,5\u2010pentachlorobiphenyl on the reproductive system and sperm epigenetic imprinting of male offspring","volume":"40","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121707","article-title":"Association of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances with sex hormones in children and adolescents 6\u201319 years of age","volume":"329","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.549928","article-title":"Correspondence between perceived pubertal development and hormone levels in 9-10 year-olds from the adolescent brain cognitive development study","volume":"11","author":"Herting","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6811","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186811","article-title":"Effects and mechanisms of phthalates' action on reproductive processes and reproductive health: a literature review","volume":"17","author":"Hlisn\u00edkov\u00e1","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390590967360","article-title":"Serum hormones in boys prenatally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls and dibenzofurans","volume":"68","author":"Hsu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153548","article-title":"Associations between exposure to a mixture of phenols, parabens, and phthalates and sex steroid hormones in children 6\u201319 years from NHANES, 2013\u20132016","volume":"822","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126594","article-title":"Perfluorooctane sulfonate exposure disrupts steroid hormone synthesis in rats via the gut-metabolism-testis axis","volume":"381","author":"Hua","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187922","article-title":"Pre-pubertal exposure with phthalates and bisphenol A and pubertal development","volume":"12","author":"Kasper-Sonnenberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-05416-z","article-title":"The association between phthalate exposure and pubertal development","volume":"183","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(92)90099-K","article-title":"Relationship of age at menarche and subsequent fertility","volume":"44","author":"Komura","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2478\/v10034-007-0008-3","article-title":"Organochloride pesticides in Macedonian girls with premature sexual development","volume":"10","author":"Krstevska-Konstantinova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Balkan J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.06.020","article-title":"Prepubertal organochlorine pesticide concentrations and age of pubertal onset among Russian boys","volume":"73","author":"Lam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1409022","article-title":"Prepubertal serum concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and age at sexual maturity in Russian boys","volume":"123","author":"Lam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115540","article-title":"Association between exposure to persistent organic pollutants and pubertal timing in boys and girls: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Lan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/EE9.0000000000000305","article-title":"Time-varying associations of gestational and childhood triclosan with pubertal and adrenarchal outcomes in early adolescence","volume":"8","author":"Laue","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5737","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10115737","article-title":"Effect of urinary bisphenol A on androgenic hormones and insulin resistance in preadolescent girls: a pilot study from the ewha birth & growth cohort","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2019.24.2.78","article-title":"Early-life exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and pubertal development in girls","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20130062","article-title":"Is a cutoff of 10% appropriate for the change-in-estimate criterion of confounder identification?","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.683297","article-title":"Early-life exposure to Per- and poly-fluorinated alkyl substances and growth, adiposity, and puberty in children: a systematic review","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.12.033","article-title":"Health risks of chemicals in consumer products: a review","volume":"123","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaf045","article-title":"Effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on adrenal function","volume":"166","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.164353","article-title":"Associations of prenatal and postnatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances with pubertal development and reproductive hormones in females and males: the HOME study","volume":"890","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124095","article-title":"Association between prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and pubertal development in boys and girls in the Spanish INMA cohort","volume":"297","author":"Lopez de Calle","year":"2026","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8160","DOI":"10.1021\/es1038694","article-title":"Association of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) with age of puberty among children living near a chemical plant","volume":"45","author":"Lopez-Espinosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/02652030600936375","article-title":"Oestrogenicity of paper and cardboard extracts used as food containers","volume":"24","author":"Lopez-Espinosa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Addit. Contam."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1509869","article-title":"Perfluoroalkyl substances, sex hormones, and insulin-like growth Factor-1 at 6-9 years of age: a cross-sectional analysis within the C8 health project","volume":"124","author":"Lopez-Espinosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408907","article-title":"Organochlorine compounds and ultrasound measurements of fetal growth in the INMA cohort (spain)","volume":"124","author":"Lopez-Espinosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101579","article-title":"Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and their effects on puberty","volume":"35","author":"Lopez-Rodriguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2020.113609","article-title":"Multiple organochlorine pesticide exposures and measures of sex steroid hormones in adult males: cross-Sectional findings from the 1999\u20132004 national health and nutrition examination survey","volume":"231","author":"Madrigal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408847","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids and serum testosterone concentrations at 15 years of age in female ALSPAC study participants","volume":"123","author":"Maisonet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.07.020","article-title":"Transfer of perfluoroalkyl substances from mother to fetus in a Spanish birth cohort","volume":"142","author":"Manzano-Salgado","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1159\/000342545","article-title":"Obesity and growth during childhood and puberty","volume":"106","author":"Marcovecchio","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Rev. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116705","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to mixtures of persistent endocrine disrupting chemicals and early menarche in a population-based cohort of British girls","volume":"276","author":"Marks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.45.239.13","article-title":"Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys","volume":"45","author":"Marshall","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib82","volume":"vol. 291","author":"Marshall","year":"1969"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1703","article-title":"Age at menarche, depression, and antisocial behavior in adulthood","volume":"141","author":"Mendle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-017-0290-9","article-title":"Urinary bisphenol A and pubertal development in Chinese school-aged girls: a cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Miao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2013.05.015","article-title":"In vitro study on the agonistic and antagonistic activities of bisphenol-S and other bisphenol-A congeners and derivatives via nuclear receptors","volume":"272","author":"Molina-Molina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP11103","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to multiple endocrine-disrupting chemicals and childhood BMI trajectories in the INMA cohort study","volume":"131","author":"Montazeri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.09.093","article-title":"Bisphenol A and reproductive hormones and cortisol in peripubertal boys: the INMA-Granada cohort","volume":"618","author":"Mustieles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-002-0360-8","article-title":"Effects of butyl paraben on the male reproductive system in mice","volume":"76","author":"Oishi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2024.114487","article-title":"Influence of exposure to endocrine disruptors and other environmental chemicals on breast development in girls: a systematic review of human studies","author":"Olivas-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2014.12.004","article-title":"Developmental variations in environmental influences including endocrine disruptors on pubertal timing and neuroendocrine control: revision of human observations and mechanistic insight from rodents","volume":"38","author":"Parent","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60366-3","article-title":"Pubertal transitions in health","volume":"369","author":"Patton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01055015","article-title":"Chlorinated hydrocarbon levels in human serum: effects of fasting and feeding","volume":"18","author":"Phillips","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP11811","article-title":"Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and associations with pubertal onset and serum reproductive hormones in a longitudinal study of young girls in greater Cincinnati and the San Francisco Bay area","volume":"131","author":"Pinney","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.114096","article-title":"Pubertal progression in relation to peripubertal exposure to organochlorine chemicals in a cohort of Russian boys","volume":"254","author":"Plaku","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"T41","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-15-0113","article-title":"60 years of neuroendocrinology: the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis","volume":"226","author":"Plant","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib96","series-title":"R: a Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib97","first-page":"44","article-title":"Is there a causal relationship between obesity and puberty? Lancet child adolesc","volume":"3","author":"Reinehr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-022-00366-4","article-title":"Phenols, parabens, phthalates and puberty: a systematic review of synthetic chemicals commonly found in personal care products and girls' pubertal development","author":"Rivera-N\u00fa\u00f1ez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Environ. Health Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719002095","article-title":"Timing of menarche and self-harm in adolescence and adulthood: a population-based cohort study","volume":"50","author":"Roberts","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.122214","article-title":"PFAS association with kisspeptin and sex hormones in teenagers of the HBM4EU aligned studies","volume":"335","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Carrillo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0146","article-title":"Thelarche, pubarche, and menarche attainment in children with normal and elevated body mass index","volume":"123","author":"Rosenfield","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199001000-00010","article-title":"No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons","volume":"1","author":"Rothman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8110505","article-title":"\u03b2-Hexachlorocyclohexane: a small molecule with a big impact on human cellular biochemistry","volume":"8","author":"Rubini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2015.08.040","article-title":"Determination of 12 urinary phthalate metabolites in Norwegian pregnant women by core\u2013shell high performance liquid chromatography with on-line solid-phase extraction, column switching and tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"1002","author":"Sabaredzovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.02.037","article-title":"Levels, variability and determinants of environmental phenols in pairs of Norwegian mothers and children","volume":"114","author":"Sakhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119926","article-title":"Association between phenols and thyroid hormones: the role of iodothyronine deiodinase genes","volume":"311","author":"Sarzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113620","article-title":"Pre and postnatal exposure to Mercury and sexual development in 9-year-old children in Spain: the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"213","author":"Sarzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11144","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c01452","article-title":"Maternal perfluoroalkyl substances, thyroid hormones, and DIO genes: a Spanish cross-sectional study","volume":"55","author":"Sarzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP150","article-title":"Serum testosterone concentrations and urinary bisphenol a, benzophenone-3, triclosan, and paraben levels in male and female children and adolescents: nhanes 2011\u20132012","volume":"124","author":"Scinicariello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2006.05.106","article-title":"From mother to child: investigation of prenatal and postnatal exposure to persistent bioaccumulating toxicants using breast milk and placenta biomonitoring","author":"Shen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20140205","article-title":"Association between urinary phthalates and pubertal timing in Chinese adolescents","volume":"25","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.10.026","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to phthalate ester and pubertal development in a birth cohort in central Taiwan: a 12-year follow-up study","volume":"136","author":"Su","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1065918","article-title":"Phthalates exposure and pubertal development in a 15-year follow-up birth cohort study in Taiwan","volume":"14","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib114","first-page":"1233","article-title":"Increased levels of bisphenol A (BPA) in Thai girls with precocious puberty","volume":"29","author":"Supornsilchai","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.118293","article-title":"EDC mixtures during pregnancy and body fat at 7 years of age in a Swedish cohort, the SELMA study","volume":"248","author":"Svensson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15091950","article-title":"Temporal trends of urinary phthalate concentrations in two populations: effects of REACH authorization after five years","volume":"15","author":"Tranfo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2015.03.008","article-title":"Association between perfluoroalkyl substances and reproductive hormones in adolescents and young adults","volume":"218","author":"Tsai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture12050728","article-title":"A comprehensive review of organochlorine pesticide monitoring in agricultural soils: the silent threat of a conventional agricultural past","volume":"12","author":"Tzanetou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327112472999","article-title":"Evaluation of estrogenic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorinated pesticides using immature rat uterotrophic assay","volume":"32","author":"Uslu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.122345","article-title":"Persistent organic pollutants and Male reproductive health","volume":"16","author":"Vested","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-12-26","article-title":"Reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire among pregnant women in a mediterranean area","volume":"12","author":"Vioque","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6488","DOI":"10.1021\/es101397e","article-title":"Maternal origin and other determinants of cord serum organochlorine compound concentrations in infants from the general population","volume":"44","author":"Vizcaino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2017.06.007","article-title":"Anti-androgenic mechanisms of bisphenol A involve androgen receptor signaling pathway","volume":"387","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2016.10.004","article-title":"Urine bisphenol A and pubertal development in boys","volume":"220","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.08.010","article-title":"In utero and peripubertal exposure to phthalates and BPA in relation to female sexual maturation","volume":"134","author":"Watkins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.07.051","article-title":"Phthalate and bisphenol A exposure during in utero windows of susceptibility in relation to reproductive hormones and pubertal development in girls","volume":"159","author":"Watkins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib127","first-page":"69","article-title":"Impact of phthalate and BPA exposure during in utero windows of susceptibility on reproductive hormones and sexual maturation in peripubertal males","volume":"16","author":"Watkins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health (Lond.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175536","article-title":"Phthalate exposure and reproductive hormones and sex-hormone binding globulin before puberty - phthalate contaminated-foodstuff episode in Taiwan","volume":"12","author":"Wen","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408778","article-title":"Brominated flame retardants and other persistent organohalogenated compounds in relation to timing of puberty in a longitudinal study of girls","volume":"123","author":"Windham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2016.11.009","article-title":"Associations of urinary phthalate and phenol biomarkers with menarche in a multiethnic cohort of young girls","volume":"67","author":"Wolff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.08.008","article-title":"Environmental phenols and pubertal development in girls","volume":"84","author":"Wolff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu081","article-title":"Phthalate exposure and pubertal development in a longitudinal study of US girls","volume":"29","author":"Wolff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9140","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c01271","article-title":"Association between serum Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance levels and risk of central and peripheral precocious puberty in girls","volume":"57","author":"Xing","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121535","article-title":"Associations between urinary phthalate metabolites and reproductive, adrenal, and gonadotropic hormones in peripubertal children: the Hokkaido study","volume":"276","author":"Yasuda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib135","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and early pubertal timing among girls: a meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.06.005","article-title":"Could exposure to phthalates speed up or delay pubertal onset and development? A 1.5-year follow-up of a school-based population","volume":"83","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138073","article-title":"Mixed exposure to phthalates and organic UV filters affects Children's pubertal development in a gender-specific manner","volume":"320","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh090","article-title":"A modified poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data","volume":"159","author":"Zou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935126008583?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935126008583?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]],"date-time":"2026-05-24T09:26:07Z","timestamp":1779614767000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935126008583"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":138,"alternative-id":["S0013935126008583"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prenatal exposure to 33 endocrine-disrupting chemicals and pubertal development at age 9 in Spain","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124527","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"124527"}}