{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T13:13:14Z","timestamp":1783775594588,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023561","name":"Ministerio de Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAS21 \/00008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAS21 \/00008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023561","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018693","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002809","name":"Government of Catalonia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Spain Ministry of Science Innovation and Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003508","name":"University of Valencia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003508","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031692","name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031692","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007601","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101136566"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101136566"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007601","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["874583"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["874583"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI23\/01578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI23\/01578"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MSII20\/0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MSII20\/0006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16 \/1288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16 \/1288"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17\/00260"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17\/00260"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FI24\/00055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FI24\/00055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19\/1338"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19\/1338"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003359","name":"Generalitat Valenciana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AICO 2020\/285"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AICO 2020\/285"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003359","name":"Generalitat Valenciana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIGE23 \/142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIGE23 \/142"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003359","name":"Generalitat Valenciana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024\/1578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024\/1578"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003359","name":"Generalitat Valenciana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIAICO\/2021\/132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIAICO\/2021\/132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003359","name":"Generalitat Valenciana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BEST\/2020\/059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BEST\/2020\/059"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T15:12:55Z","timestamp":1780585975000},"page":"124941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"P1","title":["Prenatal cadmium exposure and behavioural and emotional problems across childhood: findings from the INMA birth cohort"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"305","author":[{"given":"Raquel","family":"Soler-Blasco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2046-5959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ll\u00facia","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Safont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Vallejo-Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amaia","family":"Irizar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziortza","family":"Barroeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Guxens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Vrijheid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florencia","family":"Harari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Llop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2015.10.024","article-title":"Genetic variation in metallothionein and metal-regulatory transcription factor 1 in relation to urinary cadmium, copper, and zinc","volume":"289","author":"Adams","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib3","series-title":"Toxicological Profile for Cadmium, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib2","series-title":"Atsdr's Substance Priority List","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib4","series-title":"Manual Diagn\u00f3stico Y Estad\u00edstico De Los Trastornos Mentales","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(96)00218-8","article-title":"Low-level cadmium exposure of lactating rats causes alterations in brain serotonin levels in the offspring","volume":"19","author":"Andersson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1263(199803\/04)18:2<83::AID-JAT480>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Gestational administration of cadmium alters the neurotransmitter levels in newborn rat brains","volume":"18","author":"Antonio","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol. JAT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7337","article-title":"Urinary creatinine concentrations in the U.S. population: implications for urinary biologic monitoring measurements","volume":"113","author":"Barr","year":"2005","journal-title":"Enviromental Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-59453-2.00012-3","article-title":"Chapter 12: Gene-Environment Interactions for metals","volume":"1","author":"Broberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Handb. Toxicol. Met. Fourth Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4127","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddw264","article-title":"A genome-wide association meta-analysis of diarrhoeal disease in young children identifies FUT2 locus and provides plausible biological pathways","volume":"25","author":"Bustamante","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Developmental toxicity of cadmium in infants and children: a review","volume":"36","author":"Chandravanshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Health Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1006\/eesa.1996.0111","article-title":"Cadmium interaction with essential metals (Zn, Cu, Fe), metabolism metallothionein, and ceruloplasmin in pregnant rats and fetuses","volume":"35","author":"Chmielnicka","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib12","series-title":"Conner's Rating Scales-Revised User's Manual. Multi-Health Systems","author":"Conners","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9111039","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity disorder","volume":"9","author":"Corona","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxid. Basel Switz."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22081308","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with early-life exposure to heavy metals: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"da Silva","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2012.12.009","article-title":"[Proposals for social class classification based on the Spanish National Classification of occupations 2011 using Neo-Weberian and Neo-Marxist approaches]","volume":"27","author":"Domingo-Salvany","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gac. Sanit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1039\/c8mt00174j","article-title":"Cadmium exposure during pregnancy and lactation: materno-fetal and newborn repercussions of cd(ii), and Cd\u2013metallothionein complexes","volume":"10","author":"Espart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cadmium dietary exposure in the European population","volume":"10","year":"2012","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cadmium in food. Scientific opinion of the Panel on contaminants in the food chain","volume":"980","year":"2009","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105155","article-title":"A scoping review of infant and children health effects associated with cadmium exposure","volume":"131","author":"Flannery","year":"2022","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.10.006","article-title":"Exposure to metals during pregnancy and neuropsychological development at the age of 4 years","volume":"40","author":"Forns","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.10.006","article-title":"Exposure to metals during pregnancy and neuropsychological development at the age of 4 years","volume":"40","author":"Forns","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201800087","article-title":"LncRNA MT1DP aggravates cadmium-induced oxidative stress by repressing the function of Nrf2 and is dependent on interaction with miR-365","volume":"5","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112049","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to neurotoxic metals and micronutrients and neurodevelopmental outcomes in early school age children from Poland","volume":"204","author":"Gar\u00ed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ant.2021.03.001","article-title":"Cadmium neurotoxicity: from its analytical aspects to neuronal impairment","volume":"5","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x","article-title":"The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: a research note","volume":"38","author":"Goodman","year":"1997","journal-title":"JCPP (J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.02.020","article-title":"Cadmium exposure and cognitive abilities and behavior at 10 years of age: a prospective cohort study","volume":"113","author":"Gustin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr054","article-title":"Cohort profile : the INMA \u2014 INfancia y Medio Ambiente \u2014(Environment and Childhood) project","volume":"41","author":"Guxens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib29","article-title":"Prioritised substance group : Cadmium (Cd) and Hexavalent Chromium (Cr VI)","volume":"6","author":"Horvat","year":"2019","journal-title":"HBM4EU Proj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dmm052038","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.052038","article-title":"The effects of developmental cadmium exposure on health and disease","volume":"18","author":"Hudson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dis. Model. Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dmm052038","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.052038","article-title":"The effects of developmental cadmium exposure on health and disease","volume":"18","author":"Hudson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dis. Model. Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8594","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2021.1989404","article-title":"Placental cadmium, placental genetic variations, and birth size","volume":"35","author":"Hussey","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8594","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2021.1989404","article-title":"Placental cadmium, placental genetic variations, and birth size","volume":"35","author":"Hussey","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2014.11.007","article-title":"Performance IQ in children is associated with blood cadmium concentration in early pregnancy","volume":"30","author":"Jeong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib35","first-page":"13","article-title":"Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants, No. 1036,","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ninety-first report of the Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Committee on Food, World Health Organization - Technical Report Series"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108642","article-title":"The impact of genetic variation on metabolism of heavy metals: genetic predisposition?","volume":"113","author":"Joneidi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31829d5c93","article-title":"Prenatal methylmercury exposure and genetic predisposition to cognitive deficit at age 8 years","volume":"24","author":"Julvez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemilogyogy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.120123","article-title":"Associations of gestational and childhood exposure to lead, cadmium, and fluoride with cognitive abilities, behavior, and social communication at 4 years of age: NICE birth cohort study","volume":"263","author":"Kampouri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2011.06.023","article-title":"The potential effect of metallothionein 2A -5A\/G single nucleotide polymorphism on blood cadmium, lead, zinc and copper levels","volume":"256","author":"Kayaalt\u0131","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/356126","article-title":"Genetic variations of glutathione S-transferase influence on blood cadmium concentration","volume":"2012","author":"Khansakorn","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.19.175","article-title":"The effect of prenatal cadmium exposure on attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in 6-year-old children in Korea","volume":"53","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Prev. Med. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-016-0151-9","article-title":"Impact of prenatal exposure to cadmium on cognitive development at preschool age and the importance of selenium and iodine","volume":"31","author":"Kippler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104431","article-title":"Early-Life cadmium exposure and child development in 5-Year-Old girls and boys: a cohort study in rural Bangladesh","volume":"120","author":"Kippler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2012.08.002","article-title":"Environmental exposure to arsenic and cadmium during pregnancy and fetal size: a longitudinal study in rural Bangladesh","volume":"34","author":"Kippler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12870","article-title":"Impairing both HMA4 homeologs is required for cadmium reduction in tobacco","volume":"40","author":"Liedschulte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib46","article-title":"Prenatal metals exposure and pre-adolescents\u2019 emotional and behavioral problems","author":"Lozano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expo. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131809","article-title":"Exposure to metals and metalloids among pregnant women from Spain: levels and associated factors","volume":"286","author":"Lozano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106173","article-title":"Exposure to mercury among 9-year-old children and neurobehavioural function","volume":"146","author":"Lozano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2022.113989","article-title":"Association between prenatal cadmium exposure and child development: the Japan Environment and Children's study","volume":"243","author":"Masumoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3055","article-title":"Oral cadmium exposure during rat pregnancy: assessment of transplacental micronutrient transport and steroidogenesis at term","volume":"35","author":"Mikoli\u0107","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3055","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1545","article-title":"Estimating regression models with unknown break-points","volume":"22","author":"Muggeo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.03.012","article-title":"Mercury, APOE, and children's neurodevelopment","volume":"37","author":"Ng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib53","series-title":"Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals","first-page":"667","article-title":"Cadmium","author":"Nordberg","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12030360","article-title":"Metallothionein and cadmium Toxicology\u2014Historical review and commentary","volume":"12","author":"Nordberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib55","first-page":"797","article-title":"Molecular signature of cadmium-mediated neurodevelopmental disorders in prenatal to postnatal stages","volume":"24","author":"Preety","year":"2025","journal-title":"EXCLI J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1265864","article-title":"Co-exposure to lead, mercury, and cadmium induces neurobehavioral impairments in mice by interfering with dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission in the striatum","volume":"11","author":"Pyatha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib57","series-title":"R: a Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205672","article-title":"Polymorphisms in iron homeostasis genes and urinary cadmium concentrations among nonsmoking women in Argentina and Bangladesh","volume":"121","author":"Rentschler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205672","article-title":"Polymorphisms in iron homeostasis genes and urinary cadmium concentrations among nonsmoking women in Argentina and Bangladesh","volume":"121","author":"Rentschler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1039\/C3MT00365E","article-title":"Cadmium concentrations in human blood and urine are associated with polymorphisms in zinc transporter genes","volume":"6","author":"Rentschler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4322","article-title":"Environmental exposure of the general population to cadmium as a risk factor of the damage to the nervous system: a critical review of current data","volume":"43","author":"Ruczaj","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.116.237503","article-title":"Oxidative stress and the central nervous System","volume":"360","author":"Salim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-022-00378-0","article-title":"Environmental metal exposure, neurodevelopment, and the role of iron status: a review","volume":"9","author":"Schildroth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Environ. Health Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233720947518","article-title":"Effect of metallothionein 1A rs8052394 polymorphism on lead, cadmium, zinc, and aluminum levels in factory workers","volume":"36","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2013.06.014","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to environmental contaminants and behavioural problems at age 7\u20138 years","volume":"59","author":"Sioen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106468","article-title":"Metal and essential element concentrations during pregnancy and associations with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in children","volume":"152","author":"Skogheim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcx087","article-title":"Allelic variation of NtNramp5 associated with cultivar variation in cadmium accumulation in tobacco","volume":"58","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-022-02201-w","article-title":"Human placental microRNAs dysregulated by cadmium exposure predict neurobehavioral outcomes at birth","volume":"93","author":"Tehrani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-009-8391-0","article-title":"Effects of gestational cadmium exposure on pregnancy outcome and development in the offspring at Age 4.5 years","volume":"132","author":"Tian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11040933","article-title":"Reproducibility and validity of a short food frequency questionnaire for dietary assessment in children aged 7\u20139 years in Spain","volume":"11","author":"Vioque","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-12-26","article-title":"Reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire among pregnant women in a Mediterranean area","volume":"12","author":"Vioque","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1039\/d0mt00199f","article-title":"Human placental cell line HTR-8\/SVneo accumulates cadmium by divalent metal transporters DMT1 and ZIP14","volume":"12","author":"Widhalm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib74","series-title":"Nutritional Epidemiology","author":"Willet","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib76","series-title":"Health Risks of Heavy Metals from long-range Transboundary Air Pollution","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib75","article-title":"Exposure to cadmium: a major public health concern","year":"2019","journal-title":"Preventing Disease Through Healthy Environments"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109583","article-title":"Maternal cadmium exposure and neurobehavior in children: the HOME study","volume":"186","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1637398","article-title":"Effects of prenatal iron deficiency on neurological development and related disorders in offspring","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935126012727?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935126012727?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T12:50:00Z","timestamp":1783774200000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935126012727"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":76,"alternative-id":["S0013935126012727"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prenatal cadmium exposure and behavioural and emotional problems across childhood: findings from the INMA birth cohort","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124941","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"124941"}}