{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T22:30:59Z","timestamp":1786487459178,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007457","name":"JPB Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007457","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000125","name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Atlanta","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIOSH K 01OH012528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIOSH K 01OH012528"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008548","name":"Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIEHS grant ES000002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIEHS grant ES000002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008548","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000203","name":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000202","name":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T05:29:18Z","timestamp":1784179758000},"page":"125261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"P3","title":["Feasibility of using a novel optically filtered monochromatic portable X-ray fluorescence (MXRF) to quantify lead in wild bird bones"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"306","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1374-7683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kolawole E.","family":"Adesina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"DiNatale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie S.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bethany","family":"Faber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd E.","family":"Katzner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunny","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian P.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Grier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3342-1229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron J.","family":"Specht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-025-00473-y","article-title":"Ways to measure metals: from ICP-MS to XRF","volume":"12","author":"Adesina","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Environ. Health Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemin.2025.100229","article-title":"Comparison between inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and benchtop X-ray fluorescence performance for trace elemental exposure in rat tissues","author":"Adesina","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Trace Elements and Minerals"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-016-1177-x","article-title":"Health and environmental risks from lead-based ammunition: science versus socio-politics","volume":"13","author":"Arnemo","year":"2016","journal-title":"EcoHealth"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-015-1096-2","article-title":"Effects of lead exposure, flock behavior, and management actions on the survival of California condors (Gymnogyps californianus)","volume":"14","author":"Bakker","year":"2017","journal-title":"EcoHealth"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7917","article-title":"A critical review of biomarkers used for monitoring human exposure to lead: advantages, limitations, and future needs","volume":"113","author":"Barbosa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051978","article-title":"Lead exposure in bald eagles from big game hunting, the Continental implications and successful mitigation efforts","volume":"7","author":"Bedrosian","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.03.010","article-title":"Chronic lead exposure is epidemic in obligate scavenger populations in eastern North America","volume":"79","author":"Behmke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-017-5855-0","article-title":"Assessing multi-tissue lead burdens in free-flying obligate scavengers in eastern North America","volume":"189","author":"Behmke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib10","series-title":"Birds of the World","article-title":"Black vulture (Coragyps atratus)","author":"Buckley","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib9","series-title":"The Birds of North America Online","article-title":"Black vulture (Coragyps atratus)","author":"Buckley","year":"1999"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.2193\/2007-084","article-title":"Exposure of California condors to lead from spent ammunition","volume":"71","author":"Cade","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Wildl Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2025.127719","article-title":"Rapid simultaneous quantification of arsenic and lead in grain using improved monochromatic excitation energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry","volume":"288","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/318171","article-title":"High definition x\u2010ray fluorescence: principles and techniques","volume":"2008","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"X-Ray Optics and Instrumentation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib14","first-page":"49","article-title":"Lead in bone: sampling and quantitation using K X-rays excited by 109Cd","volume":"91","author":"Chettle","year":"1991","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6143","DOI":"10.1021\/es060765s","article-title":"Ammunition is the principal source of lead accumulated by California condors Re-Introduced to the wild","volume":"40","author":"Church","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11449","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1203141109","article-title":"Lead poisoning and the deceptive recovery of the critically endangered California condor","volume":"109","author":"Finkelstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3256","DOI":"10.1021\/es026272e","article-title":"Lead poisoning of seabirds: environmental risks from leaded paint at a decommissioned military base","volume":"37","author":"Finkelstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib18","series-title":"Lead in Birds","first-page":"563","article-title":"Environmental contaminants in biota: interpreting tissue concentrations","author":"Franson","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2008.09.015","article-title":"Long-term effects of lead poisoning on bone mineralization in vultures exposed to ammunition sources","volume":"157","author":"Gangoso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/709692","article-title":"High\u2010definition x\u2010ray fluorescence: applications","volume":"2008","author":"Gibson","year":"2008","journal-title":"X-Ray Optics and Instrumentation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154017","article-title":"The impact of lead poisoning from ammunition sources on raptor populations in Europe","volume":"823","author":"Green","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127730","article-title":"Feasibility and accuracy of in vivo and Ex vivo XRF bone lead assessment wild birds: an example with black vultures, Coragyps atratus","volume":"91","author":"Grier","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/aa513f","article-title":"Detection of lead in bone phantoms and arsenic in soft tissue phantoms using synchrotron radiation and a portable x-ray fluorescence system","volume":"38","author":"Groskopf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sab.2016.03.010","article-title":"Evaluation of a new optic-enabled portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry instrument for measuring toxic metals\/metalloids in consumer goods and cultural products","volume":"122","author":"Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta Part B At. Spectrosc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11577","article-title":"Windblown lead carbonate as the main source of lead in blood of children from a seaside community: an example of local birds as \u201cCanaries in the Mine.\u201d","volume":"117","author":"Gulson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147998","article-title":"Portable X-ray fluorescence for bone lead measurements of Australian eagles","volume":"789","author":"Hampton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib27","author":"Hubbell"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3106.241558","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of poultry vaccine for protecting critically endangered Avian species against highly pathogenic Avian influenza virus, United States","volume":"31","author":"Katzner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.13087","article-title":"Lead poisoning of raptors: state of the science and cross\u2010discipline mitigation options for a global problem","volume":"99","author":"Katzner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017656","article-title":"Impact of the California lead ammunition ban on reducing lead exposure in golden eagles and Turkey vultures","volume":"6","author":"Kelly","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/37.1-2.30","article-title":"Organic correlation and allometry","volume":"37","author":"Kermack","year":"1950","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib32","first-page":"376","article-title":"Black vulture conflict and management in the United States: damage trends, management overview, and research needs","volume":"14","author":"Kluever","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum-Wildl Interact"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","article-title":"A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research","volume":"15","author":"Koo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.93101598","article-title":"An age-specific kinetic model of lead metabolism in humans","volume":"101","author":"Leggett","year":"1993","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.3996\/JFWM-20-044","article-title":"Blood lead declines in wintering American black ducks in New Jersey following the lead shot ban","volume":"12","author":"Lewis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Fish Wildl Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib36","series-title":"X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry and Related Techniques","author":"Margui","year":"2013"},{"issue":"8476","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8","article-title":"Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement","volume":"327","author":"Martin Bland","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/03067319.2015.1114104","article-title":"Evaluation of portable XRF instrumentation for assessing potential environmental exposure to toxic elements","volume":"96","author":"McIntosh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24747","article-title":"Mapping bone microstructure trace element composition: Sr, Ba, Cu, and Pb in an early modern Danish skeleton","volume":"181","author":"Milner","year":"2023","journal-title":"American Journal of Biological Anthropology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib40","series-title":"Calibration and Validation of Analytical Methods - a Sampling of Current Approaches","article-title":"Linearity of calibration curves for analytical methods: a review of criteria for assessment of method reliability","author":"Moosavi","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib41","first-page":"69","article-title":"Statistics corner: a guide to appropriate use of correlation coefficient in medical research","volume":"24","author":"Mukaka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malawi Med. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9785","article-title":"Lead exposure and cardiovascular disease\u2014A systematic review","volume":"115","author":"Navas-Acien","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31816a2400","article-title":"Bone lead levels and blood pressure endpoints","volume":"19","author":"Navas-Acien","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/51\/2\/011","article-title":"In vivo investigation of a new 109 Cd \u03b3-ray induced K-XRF bone lead measurement system","volume":"51","author":"Nie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"N39","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/56\/3\/N01","article-title":"In vivo quantification of lead in bone with a portable x-ray fluorescence system-\u2013methodology and feasibility","volume":"56","author":"Nie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2012.01827.x","article-title":"Effects of vulture declines on facultative scavengers and potential implications for mammalian disease transmission","volume":"26","author":"Ogada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-019-01159-0","article-title":"Effects of lead from ammunition on birds and other wildlife: a review and update","volume":"48","author":"Pain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm.1983.21.11.709","article-title":"A new biometrical procedure for testing the equality of measurements from two different analytical methods. Application of linear regression procedures for method comparison studies in clinical chemistry, part I","volume":"21","author":"Passing","year":"1983","journal-title":"cclm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib49","series-title":"Handbook of Ecotoxicology","article-title":"Lead in the environment","author":"Pattee","year":"2002"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2687","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1513569","article-title":"Ultrasound measurements of overlying soft tissue thickness at four skeletal sites suitable for in vivo x\u2010ray fluorescence","volume":"29","author":"Pejovi\u0107\u2010Mili\u0107","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib51","first-page":"92","article-title":"Lead toxicosis from ingested fishing sinkers in adult common loons (Gaviaimmer) in new England","volume":"23","author":"Pokras","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Zoo Wildl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.919133","article-title":"Toxicokinetics of bone lead","volume":"91","author":"Rabinowitz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2020.110180","volume":"308","author":"Schachel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib54","article-title":"Linear regression analysis","author":"Schneider","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9786","article-title":"Cumulative lead dose and cognitive function in adults: a review of studies that measured both blood lead and bone lead","volume":"115","author":"Shih","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"6582","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib56","first-page":"779","article-title":"Demographic implications of lead poisoning for eagles across North America","volume":"375","author":"Slabe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science (1979)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.170601","article-title":"Benchtop x-ray fluorescence to quantify elemental content in nails non-destructively","volume":"918","author":"Specht","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.02.031","article-title":"Comparison of bone lead measured via portable x-ray fluorescence across and within bones","volume":"172","author":"Specht","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-024-00450-x","article-title":"Portable x-ray fluorescence for bone lead measurement: current approaches and future directions","volume":"11","author":"Specht","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Environ. Health Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.08.043","article-title":"Lead exposure biomarkers in the common loon","volume":"647","author":"Specht","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3109\/1354750X.2016.1139183","article-title":"XRF-measured bone lead (Pb) as a biomarker for Pb exposure and toxicity among children diagnosed with Pb poisoning","volume":"21","author":"Specht","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.09.123","article-title":"Feasibility of a portable X-ray fluorescence device for bone lead measurements of condor bones","volume":"615","author":"Specht","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56308","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-34950-y","article-title":"Bone lead measurements of live condors in field to assess cumulative lead exposure","volume":"31","author":"Specht","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163197","article-title":"Bone lead variability in bone repository skeletal samples measured with portable x-ray fluorescence","volume":"880","author":"Specht","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/398032","article-title":"Portable XRF technology to quantify Pb in bone In vivo","volume":"2014","author":"Specht","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biomark"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/47\/8\/312","article-title":"L-shell x-ray fluorescence measurements of lead in bone: accuracy and precision","volume":"47","author":"Todd","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib67","article-title":"Environmental lead exposure: a public health problem of global dimensions","volume":"78","author":"Tong","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117086","article-title":"Analysis of lead distribution in Avian organs by LA-ICP-MS: study of experimentally lead-exposed ducks and kites","volume":"283","author":"Torimoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1039\/D1JA00007A","article-title":"Correlation of \u03bcXRF and LA-ICP-MS in the analysis of a human bone-cartilage sample","volume":"36","author":"Turyanskaya","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Anal At Spectrom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.887871","article-title":"Evidence for effects of chronic lead exposure on blood pressure in experimental animals: an overview","volume":"78","author":"Victery","year":"1988","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib71","series-title":"Lead Poisoning in Waterfowl","author":"Wetmore","year":"1919"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.33176\/AACB-19-00024","article-title":"Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: introduction to analytical aspects","volume":"40","author":"Wilschefski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem. Rev."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1039\/D3JA00127J","article-title":"Simultaneous detection of trace As, Hg, Tl, and Pb in biological tissues using monochromatic excitation X-ray fluorescence spectrometry","volume":"38","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Anal At Spectrom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142351","article-title":"Evaluation of a portable XRF device for in vivo quantification of lead in bone among a US population","volume":"753","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935126015926?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935126015926?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T22:05:42Z","timestamp":1786485942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935126015926"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":74,"alternative-id":["S0013935126015926"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Feasibility of using a novel optically filtered monochromatic portable X-ray fluorescence (MXRF) to quantify lead in wild bird bones","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125261","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"125261"}}