{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T04:14:38Z","timestamp":1788581678658,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T07:08:38Z","timestamp":1785481718000},"page":"125364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"P3","title":["Prediction of wastewater treatment processes in the aerobic tank of integrated equipment using coupled CFD-ASM1_2O modeling"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"306","author":[{"given":"Yipeng","family":"Xuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wentao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaorui","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menglong","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongbin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2025.111035","article-title":"Evaluating environmental impacts and techno-economic feasibility of an integrated and novel wastewater and sludge treatment system for circular economy objectives","volume":"204","author":"Ahmad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib2","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Alex","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2024.113199","article-title":"Ensuring \u2211sYs = 1 in transport of species mass fractions","volume":"513","author":"Baumgart","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib4","first-page":"220","article-title":"Computational fluid dynamics modelling of flocculation in water treatment: a review","volume":"3","author":"J","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Comput. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2011.12.001","article-title":"A novel method for analytically solving multi-species advective-dispersive transport equations sequentially coupled with first-order decay reactions","volume":"420\u2013421","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2025.145467","article-title":"Navigating future wastewater treatment plants with artificial intelligence: applications, challenges, and innovations","volume":"504","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.04.058","article-title":"Biological reactor retrofitting using CFD-ASM modelling","volume":"348","author":"Climent","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.10.234","article-title":"Temporal heterogeneity and temperature response of active ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in winter in full-scale wastewater treatment plants","volume":"360","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib9","first-page":"614","article-title":"Review on water carrying equipment for emergency water supply system in mountainous areas and remote disaster area","volume":"41","author":"Fanjie","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Drain. Irrigat. Mach. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.123791","article-title":"Does resource recovery and utilization improve environmental and economic performance of rural wastewater treatment plants? A case study in Xiamen, China","volume":"283","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compfluid.2025.106625","article-title":"An Euler-Lagrange coupling strategy for pressurized liquid jet atomization in Large Eddy simulation","volume":"294","author":"Gioud","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Fluids"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2010.11.041","article-title":"A theoretical model for droplet breakup in turbulent dispersions","volume":"66","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib13","series-title":"Activated Sludge Models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3","author":"Henze","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.11.008","article-title":"CFD-aided modelling of activated sludge systems - a critical review","volume":"88","author":"Karpinska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2009.03.021","article-title":"CFD simulation of the hydrodynamics and reactions in an activated sludge channel reactor of wastewater treatment","volume":"65","author":"Le Moullec","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.01.021","article-title":"Three-dimensional three-phase model for simulation of hydrodynamics, oxygen mass transfer, carbon oxidation, nitrification and denitrification in an oxidation ditch","volume":"53","author":"Lei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2024.120547","article-title":"Dispersion of immiscible liquids in a static mixer without inserted elements: a CFD-PBM study on droplet size reduction and distribution","volume":"452","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2025.108737","article-title":"Challenges of precise aeration implementation in conventional wastewater treatment processes: a review","volume":"78","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Water Process Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122407","article-title":"Aeration-assisted removal of tetracycline from wastewater by biochar: mechanisms and cost-benefit analysis","volume":"285","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2022.127405","article-title":"Investigation of an intermittently-aerated moving bed biofilm reactor in rural wastewater treatment under low dissolved oxygen and C\/N condition","volume":"358","author":"Luan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2022.128513","article-title":"Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a novel rotating self-aerated biofilm reactor for decentralized wastewater treatment","volume":"369","author":"Luan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2023.119478","article-title":"CFD and lower order mechanistic models for gas-liquid flow in NETmix: pressure drop and gas hold-up","volume":"284","author":"Marrocos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2021.101920","article-title":"Numerical modelling of oxygen mass transfer in diffused aeration systems: a CFD-PBM approach","volume":"40","author":"Mohan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Water Process Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbp.2019.03.014","article-title":"Performance analysis of the activated sludge model (number 1)","volume":"116","author":"Nelson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Bioprod. Process."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2011.03.031","article-title":"Cost reduction of the wastewater treatment plant operation by MPC based on modified ASM1 with two-step nitrification\/denitrification model","volume":"35","author":"Ostace","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2024.106694","article-title":"Enhanced anammox cultivation using mixed sludge and optimized nitrite- ammonium ratio","volume":"69","author":"Parde","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Water Process Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2020.101368","article-title":"CFD modelling of the hydrodynamics in a filtration unit with rotating membranes","volume":"36","author":"Pinilla","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Water Process Eng."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2023.110719","article-title":"Effects of carbon to nitrogen ratio on oxygen mass transfer characteristics in wastewater and biofilms","volume":"11","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.01.025","article-title":"Computational fluid dynamics modeling of carbon dioxide capture from air using biocatalyst in an airlift reactor","volume":"253","author":"Sadeghizadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2020.101777","article-title":"CFD approach for pumped-recirculation mixing strategy in wastewater treatment: minimizing power consumption, enhancing resource recovery in commercial anaerobic digester","volume":"40","author":"Saini","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Water Process Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2024.105078","article-title":"CFD investigation of dissolved oxygen distribution in a full-scale aeration tank of an industrial wastewater treatment plant","volume":"59","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Water Process Eng."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0283485","article-title":"Investigation of flow and energy characteristics in aerobic tanks of integrated wastewater treatment equipment using combined particle image velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics methods","volume":"37","author":"Si","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2025.145640","article-title":"Carbon emissions from rural wastewater treatment using the anoxic-anaerobic-oxic membrane bioreactor process","volume":"510","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2024.131588","article-title":"Effect of aeration on oxygen transfer characteristics in integrated wastewater treatment systems utilizing mass transfer model and computation fluid dynamics methods","volume":"414","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.11075","article-title":"Modeling of oxygen mass transfer in a gas-liquid airlift reactor","volume":"53","author":"Talvy","year":"2007","journal-title":"AlChE J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2016.07.001","article-title":"Determination of diffuser bubble size in computational fluid dynamics models to predict oxygen transfer in spiral roll aeration tanks","volume":"12","author":"Terashima","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Water Process Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2019.104418","article-title":"A2O-MBR as an efficient and profitable unconventional water treatment and reuse technology: a practical study in a green building residential community","volume":"150","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbp.2024.10.019","article-title":"Performance analysis of the activated sludge model number 1 in a two reactor cascade","volume":"148","author":"Watt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Bioprod. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.116888","article-title":"An efficient hydrodynamic-biokinetic model for the optimization of operational strategy applied in a full-scale oxidation ditch by CFD integrated with ASM2","volume":"193","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13551","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c00581","article-title":"Distribution hotspots, formation mechanisms, and ecological effects of reactive oxygen species in soil and sediment: a critical review","volume":"59","author":"Yao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2011.11.008","article-title":"A novel airlift reactor enhanced by funnel internals and hydrodynamics prediction by the CFD method","volume":"104","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2020.101831","article-title":"Modeling and simulation of an extended ASM2d model for the treatment of wastewater under different COD: n ratio","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Water Process Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2017.04.006","article-title":"Evaluation of the control strategy for aeration energy reduction in a nutrient removing wastewater treatment plant based on the coupling of ASM1 to an aeration model","volume":"124","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Eng. J."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935126016956?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935126016956?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T16:59:57Z","timestamp":1785776397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935126016956"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0013935126016956"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prediction of wastewater treatment processes in the aerobic tank of integrated equipment using coupled CFD-ASM1_2O modeling","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125364","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"125364"}}