{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T17:05:55Z","timestamp":1789232755928,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFD1701401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1701401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T23:21:28Z","timestamp":1786663288000},"page":"125448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Two-phase anaerobic digestion with sub-thermophilic hydrolysis: Regulating metabolites to accelerate electron transfer and enhance methanogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"307","author":[{"given":"Haohao","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuepeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qilin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaobin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9572","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b02639","article-title":"Two-phase improves performance of anaerobic membrane bioreactor treatment of food waste at high organic loading rates","volume":"53","author":"Amha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.1c00608","article-title":"The pitfalls of using potentiodynamic polarization curves for tafel analysis in electrocatalytic water splitting","author":"Anantharaj","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Energy Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(00)00318-3","article-title":"Effect of process configuration and substrate complexity on the performance of anaerobic processes","volume":"35","author":"Azbar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132235","article-title":"Insights into high ammonia-resistant syntrophic microbiomes and metabolic pathways during continuous anaerobic digestion of cow manure","volume":"422","author":"Bae","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2024.114913","article-title":"Roles of engineered lignocellulolytic microbiota in bioaugmenting lignocellulose biomethanation","volume":"207","author":"Basak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124443","article-title":"Coupled extracellular and intracellular electron transfer chains in methanogens: mechanisms, energy conservation, and application potential","volume":"287","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.119240","article-title":"Comprehensive insights into the impact of pretreatment on anaerobic digestion of waste active sludge from perspectives of organic matter composition, thermodynamics, and multi-omics","volume":"226","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124378","article-title":"Enhancing humification and digestate maturity in high-solids anaerobic digestion of agricultural wastes using biochar","volume":"287","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110644","article-title":"New insights into the effect of ethanol and volatile fatty acids proportions on methanogenic activities and pathways","volume":"194","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2021.107812","article-title":"How can ethanol enhance direct interspecies electron transfer in anaerobic digestion?","volume":"52","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.149268","article-title":"Promoting methane production during anaerobic digestion with biochar: is it influenced by quorum sensing?","volume":"483","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.121020","article-title":"Breakdown of hardly degradable carbohydrates (lignocellulose) in a two-stage anaerobic digestion plant is favored in the main fermenter","volume":"250","author":"Heyer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2021.111367","article-title":"Principles and advancements in improving anaerobic digestion of organic waste via direct interspecies electron transfer","volume":"148","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.125366","article-title":"Kinetic and thermodynamic effects of temperature on methanogenic degradation of acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate","volume":"396","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120167","article-title":"Improving mesophilic anaerobic digestion of food waste by side-stream thermophilic reactor: activation of methanogenic, key enzymes and metabolism","volume":"241","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2020.123180","article-title":"Acidogenic and methanogenic properties of corn straw silage: regulation and microbial analysis of two-phase anaerobic digestion","volume":"307","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.122307","article-title":"Correlation between intracellular electron transfer and gene expression for electrically conductive pili in electroactive bacteria during anaerobic digestion with ethanol","volume":"265","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.124283","article-title":"The role of sulfidated zero-valent iron in enhancing anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge","volume":"375","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.133746","article-title":"Sub-thermophilic anaerobic digestion: generation of favorable substrates for methanogenesis","volume":"442","author":"Mao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00159-11","article-title":"Potential for direct interspecies electron transfer in methanogenic wastewater digester aggregates","volume":"2","author":"Morita","year":"2011","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.12094","article-title":"Methyl coenzyme M reductase (mcrA) gene abundance correlates with activity measurements of methanogenic H2\/CO2\u2010enriched anaerobic biomass","volume":"7","author":"Morris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microb. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.133758","article-title":"Acetoclastic methanogenesis pathway stability despite the high microbial taxonomic variability in the transition from acidogenesis to methanogenesis during food waste anaerobic digestion","volume":"372","author":"Ni","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.155198","article-title":"Investigation of start-up strategies and temperature regulation on enhanced methanogenesis in anaerobic digestion of food waste","volume":"498","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17081","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2017.81","article-title":"Discovery of extremely halophilic, methyl-reducing euryarchaea provides insights into the evolutionary origin of methanogenesis","volume":"2","author":"Sorokin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16521","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.3c04227","article-title":"Establishment of an electroactive microorganism community in anaerobic digestion with photosynthetic bacteria agents for promoting methane production","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5544","DOI":"10.3390\/su15065544","article-title":"Optimization of operating parameters for two-phase anaerobic digestion treating slaughterhouse wastewater for biogas production: focus on hydrolytic\u2013acidogenic phase","volume":"15","author":"Tsegaye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.114900","article-title":"Disposal of Fenton sludge with anaerobic digestion and the roles of humic acids involved in Fenton sludge","volume":"163","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8629","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c04187","article-title":"Intermittent microaeration enhanced anaerobic digestion: the key role of Fe(III)\/Fe(II) cycle and reactive oxygen species","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10140","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c08525","article-title":"Ferroheme\/Ferriheme directly involved in the synthesis and decomposition of hydrazine as an electron carrier during anammox","volume":"58","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fuab057","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuab057","article-title":"Syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacteria in methanogenic systems","volume":"46","author":"Westerholm","year":"2022","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.156151","article-title":"Bioaugmentation with targeted recombinant functional consortia to improve lignocellulosic biowaste co-anaerobic digestion performance","volume":"499","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7615","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c08624","article-title":"Anaerobic ammonium removal pathway driven by the Fe(II)\/Fe(III) cycle through intermittent aeration","volume":"55","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4860","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12838-7","article-title":"Fouling-resistant biofilter of an anaerobic electrochemical membrane reactor","volume":"10","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2024.131280","article-title":"Ethanol-type anaerobic digestion enhanced methanogenic performance by stimulating direct interspecies electron transfer and interspecies hydrogen transfer","volume":"410","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2025.124994","article-title":"Interfacial electron transfer between artificial carbon nanowires clusters and Cyt c: enabling electron transport for methanogenesis","volume":"289","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ese.2024.100440","article-title":"Optimizing anaerobic digestion: benefits of mild temperature transition from thermophilic to mesophilic conditions","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Ecotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2024.132405","article-title":"Methane production and microbial community characteristics in the co-digestion of biodegradable plastics with lignite","volume":"305","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.115425","article-title":"Why do DIETers like drinking: metagenomic analysis for methane and energy metabolism during anaerobic digestion with ethanol","volume":"171","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.115425","article-title":"Why do DIETers like drinking: metagenomic analysis for methane and energy metabolism during anaerobic digestion with ethanol","volume":"171","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2021.120643","article-title":"Engineering enhanced anaerobic digestion: benefits of ethanol fermentation pretreatment for boosting direct interspecies electron transfer","volume":"228","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2026.125912","article-title":"Enhanced methane production from corn stover by anaerobic digestion: positive effects of deep eutectic solvents pretreatment","volume":"299","author":"Zhu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.121388","article-title":"Using straw as a bio-ethanol source to promote anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge","volume":"286","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935126017792?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935126017792?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T16:20:29Z","timestamp":1789230029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935126017792"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S0013935126017792"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Two-phase anaerobic digestion with sub-thermophilic hydrolysis: Regulating metabolites to accelerate electron transfer and enhance methanogenesis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125448","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"125448"}}