{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T08:48:14Z","timestamp":1792054094860,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21876158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21876158"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T16:42:53Z","timestamp":1790095373000},"page":"125729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"P1","title":["Facile synthesis of carbon-doped ZnO with oxygen-vacancy and its photocatalytic degradation performance for PS microplastics"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"309","author":[{"given":"Jialong","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"jing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4410-5616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiyou","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17091216","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of the antimicrobial and anticancer activities of zinc oxide and aluminum-doped zinc oxide nanocomposites","volume":"17","author":"Asif","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2025.217069","article-title":"From evolution to applications of bismuth-based materials for photocatalytic degradation of plastics and associated additives: progress, pitfalls, and innovations","volume":"546","author":"Bacha","year":"2026","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121702","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-31000-x","article-title":"Photocatalytic degradation of polyethylene and polystyrene microplastics by \u03b1-Fe2O3\/g-C3N4","volume":"30","author":"Chai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1039\/D3NJ04722A","article-title":"Enhanced visible-light photocatalysis in three-dimensional rose-like ZnO with oxygen vacancies and Ag nanoparticles","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-025-08176-8","article-title":"Investigating the effect of various experimental parameters on visible light-driven TiO2-based photocatalysis for the remediation of aqueous phase polystyrene microplastics","volume":"236","author":"Chinnam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121836","article-title":"Natural sunlight-driven photocatalytic degradation of polypropylene microplastics over ZnO nanorods","volume":"279","author":"Daher","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1021\/prechem.4c00002","article-title":"Investigation and mitigation of carbon deposition over copper catalyst during electrochemical CO2 reduction","volume":"2","author":"DuanMu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Precision Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/17518253.2018.1547925","article-title":"Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles: a comparison","volume":"12","author":"Fakhari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Green Chem. Lett. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib9","volume":"506","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10004","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.2c02326","article-title":"ZnO with controllable oxygen vacancies for photocatalytic nitrogen oxide removal","volume":"12","author":"Hailili","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2025.150749","article-title":"Construction of a novel NiFe2O4\/Mn0.3Cd0.7S heterojunction photocatalyst for hydrogen production performance","volume":"163","author":"Hao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6930","DOI":"10.1039\/D5TC04394H","article-title":"Oxygen-vacancy-enabled charge separation in distorted orthorhombic YFeO3","volume":"14","author":"Hossain","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.143518","article-title":"Application of metal-organic frameworks for photocatalytic degradation of microplastics: design, challenges, and scope","volume":"366","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-025-08311-5","article-title":"The impact of plastic on the ecological environment: the pathway of microplastics and the control of microplastic pollution","volume":"236","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water, Air, Soil Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13070564","article-title":"Micro- and nanoplastics in the environment: current state of research. Sources of origin, health risks, and Regulations-A comprehensive review","volume":"13","author":"Kochanek","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib16","article-title":"Review of the toxic effects and mechanisms of polystyrene micro\/nanoplastics across multiple animal species","volume":"20","author":"Kong","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adsu.202300033","article-title":"Metal oxides\u2010based nano\/microstructures for photodegradation of microplastics","volume":"7","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sustain. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib19","first-page":"2462","article-title":"Plasma chemical looping: unlocking high-efficiency CO2 conversion to clean CO at mild temperatures","volume":"4","author":"Long","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2021.120778","article-title":"Hydrogen generation from water splitting over polyfunctional perovskite oxygen carriers by using coke oven gas as reducing agent","volume":"301","author":"Long","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Catal., B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2026.136912","article-title":"Delignified and surface-engineered wood for microplastic removal in water treatment","volume":"390","author":"Mebrat","year":"2026","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/07388551.2024.2344572","article-title":"Environmental impact of microplastics and potential health hazards","volume":"45","author":"Megha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2026.116670","article-title":"Synergistic catalysis of oxygen vacancy-Cu0 dual-active-site derived from Cu-Zn mineral salt for boosting ethanol dehydrogenation into acetaldehyde","volume":"455","author":"Meng","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2024.10.152","article-title":"Nanostructured defects-rich black-ZnO\/biowaste-derived carbon composites for efficient visible light-driven hydrogen generation: a study on the role of C-Zn@C-O-Zn interface","volume":"92","author":"Mohamed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2026.121387","article-title":"Aerobic microbial degradation of PLA, PHB, and PBAT microplastics in freshwater: different structural changes and byproduct formation","volume":"14","author":"Payanthoth","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109397","article-title":"Technologies to eliminate microplastic from water: current approaches and future prospects","volume":"199","author":"Puteri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2025.115594","article-title":"Advancing photocatalytic strategies for microplastic degradation in aquatic systems: insights into key challenges and future pathways","volume":"13","author":"Ramirez-Escarcega","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.139933","article-title":"Sunlight driven photo-treatment of polyhydroxybutyrate microplastics mediated by carbon nanodots-doped ZnO mesocrystals: induced surface changes boost degradation in soil and biofilm formation","volume":"498","author":"Russo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13245","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.4c01913","article-title":"Controllable thickness of amorphous carbon coverage to enhance the activity and stability of transition metals in oxygen evolution reaction","volume":"38","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy Fuel."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib29","article-title":"Carbon doping synergistically regulates carrier separation kinetics and elementary reaction thermodynamics for efficient CO2 photoreduction on Zn-polar ZnO nanocobbles","volume":"383","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2025.181500","article-title":"Enhanced hydrogen evolution over CuCoB modified TiO2 S-scheme photocatalytic heterojunction","volume":"1035","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2023.156556","article-title":"Oxygen vacancy engineering of zinc oxide for boosting piezo-electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution","volume":"616","author":"Xiong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2025.01.242","article-title":"Efficient photocatalytic degradation of polystyrene microplastics in water over core\u2013shell BiO2\u2212x\/CuBi2O4 heterojunctio-n with full spectrum light response","volume":"686","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1039\/D5VA00064E","article-title":"Detection and degradation of microplastics in the environment: a review","volume":"4","author":"Yousafzai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5245","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CE00329H","article-title":"Optical and photocatalytic properties of a ZnO@ C core\/shell sphere with rich oxygen vacancies","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"CrystEngComm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3356","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.4c06044","article-title":"Anodic water oxidation to H2O2 on Ov-Rich ZnO nanoparticles for degradation of tetracycline","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5137","DOI":"10.1007\/s11164-024-05405-3","article-title":"Research progress on photocatalytic degradation of microplastics by graphitic carbon nitride","volume":"50","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Res. Chem. Intermed."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935126020608?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935126020608?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T08:20:26Z","timestamp":1792052426000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935126020608"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0013935126020608"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Facile synthesis of carbon-doped ZnO with oxygen-vacancy and its photocatalytic degradation performance for PS microplastics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125729","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"125729"}}