{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T08:49:01Z","timestamp":1792054141282,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007268","name":"Washington University in Saint Louis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:13:25Z","timestamp":1790205205000},"page":"125756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"P1","title":["Automated machine learning framework for interpreting paper-based biosensing of pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"309","author":[{"given":"Soyoung","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhugen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202504796","article-title":"The role of artificial intelligence in advancing biosensor technology: past, present, and future perspectives","volume":"37","author":"Akka\u015f","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-026-07976-x","article-title":"Biosensing technologies for foodborne pathogen detection and healthcare: principles, emerging materials, and intelligent platforms","volume":"193","author":"Assudani","year":"2026","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3720","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.2c01525","article-title":"All-Serotype Dengue virus detection through multilayered origami-based Paper\/Polymer microfluidics","volume":"7","author":"Biswas","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmac104","article-title":"An introduction to machine learning for classification and prediction","volume":"40","author":"Black","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fam. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib5","article-title":"Enhancing early warning: a DNA biosensor with polyaniline\/graphene nanocomposite for label-free voltammetric detection of saxitoxin-producing harmful algae","volume":"364","author":"Chin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.0c01405","article-title":"Fluorometric Paper-Based, loop-mediated isothermal amplification devices for quantitative point-of-care detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)","volume":"6","author":"Choopara","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116369","article-title":"AI-assisted smartphone-based colorimetric biosensor for visualized, rapid and sensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria","volume":"259","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2025.05.015","article-title":"AI-driven multimodal colorimetric analytics for biomedical and behavioral health diagnostics","volume":"27","author":"Hagos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.0c00786","article-title":"Rapid pomegranate juice authentication using a simple sample-to-answer hybrid Paper\/Polymer-Based Lab-on-a-Chip device","volume":"5","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c02385","article-title":"MOF-Integrated single-enzymatic colorimetric paper-based biosensor for point-of-care testing of organophosphorus pesticides","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3317","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.5c00668","article-title":"Paper-Based vertical flow assays for in vitro diagnostics and environmental monitoring","volume":"10","author":"Jeon","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talo.2023.100267","article-title":"Recent advancements in machine learning enabled portable and wearable biosensors","volume":"8","author":"Kadian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Talanta Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.3390\/bios14060300","article-title":"Sustainable sensing with paper microfluidics: applications in health, environment, and food safety","volume":"14","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116787","article-title":"Biosensors for wastewater-based epidemiology for monitoring public health","volume":"191","author":"Mao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3390\/s26020439","article-title":"Emerging trends in artificial intelligence-assisted colorimetric biosensors for pathogen diagnostics","volume":"26","author":"Maruthupandi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Matrix-First benchmarking of biosensors for multi-hazard monitoring: bacteria, viruses, and pesticides in food and water","author":"Mishra","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116670","article-title":"The LOD paradox: when lower isn't always better in biosensor research and development","volume":"264","author":"Moulahoum","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib18","article-title":"AI-Integrated biosensors: a paradigm shift in multi-cancer detection with enhanced sensitivity and specificity","volume":"11","author":"Naseer","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sens. Acutators Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib19","article-title":"Paper microfluidic sentinel sensors enable rapid and on-site wastewater surveillance in community settings","volume":"5","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Phys. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.teac.2025.e00280","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and machine learning for colorimetric detections: techniques, applications, and future prospects","volume":"48","author":"Parakh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Environ. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4834","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1812296116","article-title":"Paper-based microfluidics for DNA diagnostics of malaria in low resource underserved rural communities","volume":"116","author":"Reboud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125279","article-title":"A novel fever prevalence indicator for early warning of acute respiratory infections using wastewater-based epidemiology and machine learning","volume":"306","author":"Shao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1109\/JFLEX.2026.3677153","article-title":"The Automated Paper Strip Reader (APSR): a reliable low-cost solution for colorimetric detection","volume":"5","author":"Shinde","year":"2026","journal-title":"IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119156","article-title":"High-throughput microfluidic quantitative PCR system for the simultaneous detection of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial and viral pathogens in wastewater","volume":"255","author":"Shrestha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2022.108088","article-title":"Filter paper- and smartphone-based point-of-care tests for rapid and reliable detection of artificial food colorants","volume":"183","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.7b00825","article-title":"Rapid veterinary diagnosis of bovine reproductive infectious diseases from semen using paper-origami DNA microfluidics","volume":"3","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114825","article-title":"Wearable artificial intelligence biosensor networks","volume":"219","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.06.159","article-title":"Universal and reusable hapten\/antibody-mediated portable optofluidic immunosensing platform for rapid on-site detection of pathogens","volume":"210","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemosphere"}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935126020876?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935126020876?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T08:24:44Z","timestamp":1792052684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935126020876"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S0013935126020876"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Automated machine learning framework for interpreting paper-based biosensing of pathogens","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125756","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"125756"}}