{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T20:56:20Z","timestamp":1792616180793,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52538005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52538005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:49:42Z","timestamp":1791269382000},"page":"125833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"P2","title":["Coupling limestone powder with CFSH\/PCE to enhance supersulfated cement: Hydration, microstructure and carbonation resistance"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"309","author":[{"given":"Yong","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juanhong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingjun","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangtian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2017.05.013","article-title":"Influence of limestone on the hydration of ternary slag cements","volume":"100","author":"Adu-Amankwah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib2","article-title":"Effect of n-CaCO3 on fresh, hardened properties and acid resistance of granulated blast furnace slag added mortar","volume":"29","author":"Balcikanli Bankir","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2010.09.004","article-title":"Evolution of binder structure in sodium silicate-activated slag-metakaolin blends","volume":"33","author":"Bernal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Compos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3764","DOI":"10.1111\/jace.13177","article-title":"Understanding the filler effect on the nucleation and growth of C-S-H","volume":"97","author":"Berodier","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Ceram. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8846(81)90104-6","article-title":"Supersulphated cement from blastfurnace slag and chemical gypsum available in the Netherlands and neighbouring countries","volume":"11","author":"Bijen","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2024.107439","article-title":"The influence of Al2O3, CaO, MgO and TiO2 content on the early-age reactivity of GGBS in blended cements, alkali-activated materials and supersulfated cements","volume":"178","author":"Blotevogel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2010.09.011","article-title":"Mechanisms of cement hydration","volume":"41","author":"Bullard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2023.107117","article-title":"Toward performance improvement of supersulfated cement by nano silica: asynchronous regulation on the hydration kinetics of silicate and aluminate","volume":"167","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2026.106470","article-title":"Impact of synthetic C-S-H-GO seeds on hydration kinetics and pore structure evolution of cement pastes","volume":"168","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Compos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2015.07.002","article-title":"Influence of curing temperature on the process of hydration of supersulfated cements at early age","volume":"77","author":"da Luz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cement Concr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2010.11.014","article-title":"Hydration mechanisms of ternary Portland cements containing limestone powder and fly ash","volume":"41","author":"De Weerdt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8846(93)90141-U","article-title":"The mechanical properties of supersulphated cement containing phosphogypsum","volume":"23","author":"Erdem","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2024.137727","article-title":"Mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of alkali-activated GGBS-fly ash-steel slag ternary cements","volume":"444","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-48446-x","article-title":"Synergistic multiscale reinforcement of sand concrete incorporating steel fibers and granulated blast-furnace slag","volume":"16","author":"Hafsi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hbrcj.2013.09.001","article-title":"Characteristics of blended cements containing nano-silica","volume":"9","author":"Heikal","year":"2013","journal-title":"HBRC J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib16","series-title":"Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete","author":"Hewlett","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2009.12.006","article-title":"Investigation on phosphogypsum-steel slag-granulated blast-furnace slag-limestone cement","volume":"24","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2010.11.012","article-title":"Advances in alternative cementitious binders","volume":"41","author":"Juenger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2022.104609","article-title":"GGBS hydration acceleration evidence in supersulfated cement by nanoSiO2","volume":"132","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Compos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-8846(00)00291-X","article-title":"The influence of compound admixtures on the properties of high-content slag cement","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2024.142105","article-title":"Effects of ettringite seed on the hydration and properties of supersulphated phosphogypsum-slag cement","volume":"452","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2024.137546","article-title":"Clinker-free cement based on calcined clay, slag, portlandite, anhydrite, and C-S-H seeding: an SCM-based low-carbon cementitious binder approach","volume":"442","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2023.105061","article-title":"Mechanism of regulating the mechanical properties and paste structure of supersulfated cement through ultrafine iron tailings powder","volume":"140","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Compos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tca.2015.02.013","article-title":"Influence of fineness on hydration kinetics of supersulfated cement","volume":"605","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thermochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.122660","article-title":"Application of lime neutralised phosphogypsum in supersulfated cement","volume":"272","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2008.01.002","article-title":"Influence of limestone on the hydration of Portland cements","volume":"38","author":"Lothenbach","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2024.139764","article-title":"Effects of C-S-H seeds on the early performance of low-carbon supersulfated cement","volume":"458","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2019.05.001","article-title":"Examining the hydration mechanism of supersulfated cements made with high and low-alumina slags","volume":"103","author":"Masoudi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Compos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1680\/adcr.2005.17.4.167","article-title":"Hydration behaviour of sulphate-activated slag cements","volume":"17","author":"Matschei","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. Cem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2006.10.010","article-title":"The AFm phase in Portland cement","volume":"37","author":"Matschei","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2006.10.013","article-title":"The role of calcium carbonate in cement hydration","volume":"37","author":"Matschei","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8846(82)90061-8","article-title":"Plaster of Paris activated supersulfated slag cement","volume":"12","author":"Mehrotra","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8846(71)90086-X","article-title":"The microstructure of hydrated super sulphated cement","volume":"1","author":"Midgley","year":"1971","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2005.12.022","article-title":"Basic properties of non-sintering cement using phosphogypsum and waste lime as activator","volume":"21","author":"Mun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib35","series-title":"Concrete Technology","first-page":"3","author":"Neville","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2025.140710","article-title":"Effects of high-volume limestone powder substitution on hydration and mechanical\u2013microstructural development of low-carbon cement pastes: simulation and experiment","volume":"471","author":"Nguyen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2018.03.015","article-title":"Eco-efficient cements: potential economically viable solutions for a low-CO2 cement-based materials industry","volume":"114","author":"Scrivener","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.126228","article-title":"Research status of super sulfate cement","volume":"294","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.123111","article-title":"Activation mechanisms of three types of industrial by-product gypsums on steel slag-granulated blast furnace slag-based binders","volume":"288","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib40","article-title":"Influence mechanism of ultrafine iron tailings powder on hydration and properties of limestone calcined clay cement (LC3)","volume":"114","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2026.147014","article-title":"Performance enhancement of supersulfated cement (SSC) by C-F-S-H\/PCE and sulfate regulation","volume":"537","author":"Yu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.128569","article-title":"Novel C-A-S-H\/PCE nanocomposites: design, characterization and the effect on cement hydration","volume":"412","author":"Zou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001393512602164X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001393512602164X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T20:27:36Z","timestamp":1792614456000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S001393512602164X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S001393512602164X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Coupling limestone powder with CFSH\/PCE to enhance supersulfated cement: Hydration, microstructure and carbonation resistance","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125833","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"125833"}}