{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T21:29:42Z","timestamp":1793741382906,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T22:34:46Z","timestamp":1792276486000},"page":"125971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"P1","title":["Facile surface hydrophobic modification of rice husk for efficient crude oil emulsion separation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"310","author":[{"given":"Wentao","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuebin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baiyun","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weixing","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanzhu","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.softx.2015.06.001","article-title":"GROMACS: high performance molecular simulations through multi-level parallelism from laptops to supercomputers","volume":"1\u20132","author":"Abraham","year":"2015","journal-title":"SoftwareX"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hybadv.2025.100509","article-title":"Pickering emulsions: physicochemical properties and recent applications in engineering","volume":"11","author":"Ajayi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hybrid Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.128052","article-title":"Crude oil\/water nanoemulsions stabilized by rhamnolipid biosurfactant: effects of acidity\/basicity and salinity on emulsion characteristics, stability, and demulsification","volume":"344","author":"Al-Sakkaf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.145064","article-title":"A mini-review on lignin isolation and modification based on sorbent materials with porous nature as demulsifier for oil\/water separations","volume":"318","author":"Basuliman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2024.125884","article-title":"Hydrophobic modification of biomass chitosan for treatment of oily wastewater and its demulsification mechanism","volume":"412","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0263-7855(96)00018-5","article-title":"VMD: visual molecular dynamics","volume":"14","author":"D","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Mol. Graph."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2023.125242","article-title":"Synthesis and demulsification performance of a Gemini ionic liquid with dual cationic active centers","volume":"330","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2024.131272","article-title":"Hydrophobically modified hyperbranched polymer and its demulsification performance in W\/O emulsion","volume":"360","author":"Ding","year":"2025","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129945","article-title":"A metal-organic framework surrounded with conjugate acid-base pairs for the efficient capture of Cr(VI) via hydrogen bonding over a wide pH range","volume":"441","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2868","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.26068","article-title":"Exploring nature and predicting strength of hydrogen bonds: a correlation analysis between atoms-in-molecules descriptors, binding energies, and energy components of symmetry-adapted perturbation theory","volume":"40","author":"Emamian","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2020.117850","article-title":"Alkylacrylic-carboxyalkylacrylic random bipolymers as demulsifiers for heavy crude oils","volume":"256","author":"Fuentes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib12","unstructured":"Gaussian 16, Revision C.01, M. J. Frisch, G. W. Trucks, H. B. Schlegel, G. E. Scuseria, M. A. Robb, J. R. Cheeseman, G. Scalmani, V. Barone, G. A. Petersson, H. Nakatsuji, X. Li, M. Caricato, A. V. Marenich, J. Bloino, B. G. Janesko, R. Gomperts, B. Mennucci, H. P. Hratchian, J. V. Ortiz, A. F. Izmaylov, J. L. Sonnenberg, D. Williams-Young, F. Ding, F. Lipparini, F. Egidi, J. Goings, B. Peng, A. Petrone, T. Henderson, D. Ranasinghe, V. G. Zakrzewski, J. Gao, N. Rega, G. Zheng, W. Liang, M. Hada, M. Ehara, K. Toyota, R. Fukuda, J. Hasegawa, M. Ishida, T. Nakajima, Y. Honda, O. Kitao, H. Nakai, T. Vreven, K. Throssell, J. A. Montgomery, Jr., J. E. Peralta, F. Ogliaro, M. J. Bearpark, J. J. Heyd, E. N. Brothers, K. N. Kudin, V. N. Staroverov, T. A. Keith, R. Kobayashi, J. Normand, K. Raghavachari, A. P. Rendell, J. C. Burant, S. S. Iyengar, J. Tomasi, M. Cossi, J. M. Millam, M. Klene, C. Adamo, R. Cammi, J. W. Ochterski, R. L. Martin, K. Morokuma, O. Farkas, J. B. Foresman, and D. J. Fox, Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford CT, 2019."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2022.125375","article-title":"Revealing the non-covalent interactions between oxygen-containing demulsifiers and interfacially active asphaltenes: a multi-level computational simulation","volume":"329","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2024.09.101","article-title":"Probing the interactions between asphaltenes and a PEO-PPO demulsifier at oil-water interface: effect of temperature","volume":"678","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib15","article-title":"Functionalized graphene oxide with core-shell of Fe3O4@oliec acid nanospheres as a recyclable demulsifier for effective removal of emulsified oil from oily wastewater","volume":"32","author":"Javadian","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Water Proc. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib16","article-title":"Enhanced demulsification of W\/O emulsions via a tailored amphiphile with tri-hydrophobic architecture and multifunctional hydrogen bonding arrays","volume":"79","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Water Proc. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2026.142378","article-title":"Facile low-temperature synthesis of a bacillus subtilis-inspired ionic liquid demulsifier with multiple hydrophilic heads","volume":"512","author":"Jin","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5027","DOI":"10.1021\/ef9004576","article-title":"Aggregation and partitioning of model asphaltenes at toluene\u2212water interfaces: molecular dynamics simulations","volume":"23","author":"Kuznicki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Energy Fuel."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib19","article-title":"Synthesis of a demulsifier with concentrated hydrogen bonding sites and its demulsification mechanism","volume":"376","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2025.107456","article-title":"Demulsification of vegetable oil-in-water emulsions using magnetic biochar: flocculation performance and mechanistic insights","volume":"201","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9299","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-020-03415-z","article-title":"Evalution of surface activity of hydrophobic modified nanocrystalline cellulose","volume":"27","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.22885","article-title":"Multiwfn: a multifunctional wavefunction analyzer","volume":"33","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.26812","article-title":"Independent gradient model based on Hirshfeld partition: a new method for visual study of interactions in chemical systems","volume":"43","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib21","author":"Lu"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13173","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.5c01468","article-title":"Porous biodegradable bamboo fibers for efficient oil droplet separation in emulsified oily wastewater","volume":"64","author":"Lv","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.134017","article-title":"Aggregation-induced demulsification technology for the separation of highly emulsified oily wastewater produced in the petrochemical industry","volume":"374","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2022.118510","article-title":"Comprehensive review on stability and demulsification of unconventional heavy oil-water emulsions","volume":"350","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2025.135050","article-title":"Ambient-temperature synthesis and demulsification performance of a demulsifier with concentrated hydrophilic groups and dispersed hydrophobic chains","volume":"379","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7717","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-021-04044-w","article-title":"Octadecylamine as chemical modifier for tuned hydrophobicity of surface modified cellulose: toward organophilic cellulose nanocrystals","volume":"28","author":"Majdoub","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2022.124551","article-title":"Influence of atmospheric oxygen on the structure and electronic properties of bitumen components \u2013 a DFT study","volume":"325","author":"Malinowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2023.02.080","article-title":"Novel polymer nanoparticles with core-shell structure for breaking asphaltenes-stabilized W\/O and O\/W emulsions","volume":"640","author":"Mao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.139839","article-title":"Synthesis of an efficient demulsifier derived from cotton cellulose and its demulsification performance in oily wastewater","volume":"296","author":"Mi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2025.134682","article-title":"Synthesis of a demulsifier based on noncovalent interaction reconstruction and positive potential","volume":"378","author":"Mi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.08025","article-title":"MOPAC: an open-source semiempirical molecular orbital program","volume":"11","author":"Moussa","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2026.136844","article-title":"Noncovalent forces-governed interfacial perturbation for efficient demulsification of water-in-shale oil emulsions","volume":"388","author":"Mu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7885","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.5c06393","article-title":"Preparation of a montmorillonite-based nanoparticle demulsifier and its demulsification performance for crude oil emulsion","volume":"42","author":"Mu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2021.12.032","article-title":"The extraction of lignocelluloses and silica from rice husk using a single biorefinery process and their characteristics","volume":"108","author":"Nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2021.119956","article-title":"Effect of salinity on the characteristics, pH-triggered demulsification and rheology of crude oil\/water nanoemulsions","volume":"281","author":"Onaizi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2017.11.079","article-title":"Water-in-oil pickering emulsions stabilized by stearoylated microcrystalline cellulose","volume":"513","author":"Pang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8957","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-022-04824-y","article-title":"Hydrophobization of lignocellulosic materials part II: chemical modification","volume":"29","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Fabi\u00e0","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9294","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.1c00589","article-title":"Mesoscale dissipative particle dynamics to investigate oil asphaltenes and sodium naphthenates at the oil\u2212Water interface","volume":"35","author":"Ruiz-Morales","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Fuel."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pr7070470","article-title":"An overview of recent advances in state-of-the-art techniques in the demulsification of crude oil emulsions","volume":"7","author":"Saad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.10.057","article-title":"Solid state NMR and IR characterization of wood polymer structure in relation to tree provenance","volume":"117","author":"Santoni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib44","first-page":"704","article-title":"Preparation of novel nanoparticle demulsifier and its demulsification for surfactant-stabilized crude oil emulison","author":"Shao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9803","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-022-04860-8","article-title":"Separation of crude oil-in-water emulsions using ethylenediamine modified rice husks","volume":"29","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.130153","article-title":"Quadruple-branched jellyfish-like demulsifier used for completely demulsifying water-in-oil emulsion at low temperature and its demulsification mechanism","volume":"358","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2015.01.002","article-title":"Model molecules mimicking asphaltenes","volume":"218","author":"Sj\u00f6blom","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2019.116770","article-title":"Novel polyether-polyquaternium copolymer as an effective reverse demulsifier for O\/W emulsions: demulsification performance and mechanism","volume":"263","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.1c01541","article-title":"Regulating lignin-based epoxy vitrimer performance by fine-tuning the lignin structure","volume":"4","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Polym. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2025.131709","article-title":"Enhancing interfacial regulation by S\/O co-doping for oil\u2013solid and oil\u2013water separation at room temperature","volume":"362","author":"Tian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.134477","article-title":"Doping heteroatoms to form multiple hydrogen bond sites for enhanced interfacial reconstruction and separations","volume":"472","author":"Tian","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib53","article-title":"Acid\/Alkali-resistant modified MOF-74 grafted with polyether demulsifier for oil-in-water emulsions under ambient conditions","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib52","first-page":"286","article-title":"Stabilization mechanism and chemical demulsification of water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions in petroleum industry: a review","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2023.122640","article-title":"Multi-scale analysis on the aggregation mechanism of oxygen-rich coal-derived asphaltene molecules","volume":"387","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2022.130877","article-title":"Functionalized \u03b2-cyclodextrin with polyethyleneimine-coated Fe3O4 as a recyclable demulsifier for the efficient treatment of oily wastewater","volume":"660","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2024.08.101","article-title":"Advancing oil-water separation: design and efficiency of amphiphilic hyperbranched demulsifiers","volume":"677","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14145","DOI":"10.1039\/D3TA01713C","article-title":"Cryogenic efficient phase separation of oil\u2013water emulsions with amphiphilic hyperbranched poly(amido-amine)","volume":"11","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2024.130206","article-title":"Comprehensive review of stabilising factors, demulsification methods, and chemical demulsifiers of oil-water emulsions","volume":"358","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.132656","article-title":"Demulsification of water-in-crude oil emulsion driven by a carbonaceous demulsifier from natural rice husks","volume":"288","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2026.140134","article-title":"Hydrophobic carbon chain modified hyperbranched polyethyleneimine amphiphilic magnetic response nano-demulsifier: performance and demulsification mechanism","volume":"739","author":"Yu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2025.132693","article-title":"Optimization of chitosan-based demulsifiers via interfacial displacement: a molecular dynamics and principal component analysis approach","volume":"365","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2022.120497","article-title":"Preparation of an environmentally friendly demulsifier using waste rice husk as raw materials for oil\u2013water emulsion separation","volume":"367","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2021.119212","article-title":"High performance demulsifiers for heavy crude oil based on alkyl acrylic-amino alkyl acrylic random bipolymers","volume":"275","author":"Zamora","year":"2021","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9939","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.6b01631","article-title":"Methacrylated hyperbranched polyglycerol as a high-efficiency demulsifier for oil-in-water emulsions","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy Fuel."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4886","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.6b01000","article-title":"Probing molecular interactions of asphaltenes in Heptol using a surface forces apparatus: implications on stability of water-in-oil emulsions","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2025.133553","article-title":"Efficient dewatering of water-in-shale oil emulsions by a newly branched demulsifier co-modified by phenoxy and carboxyl","volume":"373","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2006.12.013","article-title":"Studying cellulose fiber structure by SEM, XRD, NMR and acid hydrolysis","volume":"68","author":"Zhao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2025.137220","article-title":"Water chain triggered droplet coalescence through hydrogen bonding rearrangement in water-in-oil emulsions","volume":"721","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2025.133789","article-title":"A facile synthesis of low-temperature polyamine-based demulsifiers for the treatment of crude oil emulsions","volume":"375","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2023.131966","article-title":"Unravelling the roles of nano-modification in enhancing demulsification: size effects and strengthened non-covalent interactions","volume":"674","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935126023030?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935126023030?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T21:00:41Z","timestamp":1793739641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935126023030"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["S0013935126023030"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Facile surface hydrophobic modification of rice husk for efficient crude oil emulsion separation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2026.125971","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"125971"}}