{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T18:39:33Z","timestamp":1772822373262,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002923","name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005740","name":"Universidad Nacional del Sur","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005740","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007869","name":"National University of the South General Secretariat of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007869","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Enzyme and Microbial Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T15:16:35Z","timestamp":1755011795000},"page":"110732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ethyl lactate synthesis in organic media using a magnetic supported CALB"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"191","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9237-0505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Nicol\u00e1s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica L.","family":"Lassalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Luj\u00e1n","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib1","first-page":"729","article-title":"Lactic acid applications in pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries","volume":"7","author":"Alsaheb","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chem. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4837","DOI":"10.1021\/ie202714n","article-title":"Synthesis of lactide from alkyl lactate via a prepolymer route","volume":"51","author":"Upare","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2658","DOI":"10.1039\/c1gc15523g","article-title":"Ethyl lactate as a solvent: properties, applications and production processes \u2013 a review","volume":"13","author":"Pereira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib4","article-title":"Ethyl lactate and its aqueous solutions as sustainable media for organic synthesis","volume":"18","author":"Dolzhenko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustain. Chem. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2021.1956922","article-title":"Green ultrasound-assisted extraction of lichen substances from hypotrachyna cirrhata. Ethyl lactate, a better extracting agent than methanol toxic organic solvent?","volume":"37","author":"Sepulveda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2017.07.230","article-title":"Novel esterification reaction from biomass product by coupled acetate membrane and catalysts for ethyl lactate separation","volume":"43","author":"Okon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.794411","article-title":"An insight in developing Carrier-Free immobilized enzymes","volume":"10","author":"Chauhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6251","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CS00083K","article-title":"Is enzyme immobilization a mature discipline? Some critical considerations to capitalize on the benefits of immobilization","volume":"51","author":"Bolivar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5184","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c07560","article-title":"Enzyme immobilization technologies and industrial applications","volume":"8","author":"Maghraby","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Immobilized enzymes: a comprehensive review","volume":"1","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bull. Natl. Res. Cent."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5633","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-023-04838-7","article-title":"Pros and cons in various immobilization techniques and carriers for enzymes","volume":"196","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cherd.2022.01.034","article-title":"Reactive distillation for sustainable synthesis of bio-ethyl lactate: kinetics, pilot-scale experiments and process analysis","volume":"179","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Res. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ceat.12005","article-title":"Techno-Economic and environmental analyses of ethyl lactate production at various reaction scenarios","volume":"48","author":"Arantes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2024.131368","article-title":"Candida antartica lipase-catalyzed esterification for efficient partial acylglycerol synthesis in solvent-free system: substrate selectivity, molecular modelling and optimization","volume":"412","author":"Zou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3109\/10242422.2010.501893","article-title":"Optimization and kinetic study of immobilized lipase-catalyzed synthesis of ethyl lactate","volume":"28","author":"Sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biocatal. Biotransformation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib16","first-page":"2322","article-title":"Kinetic study on lipase-catalyzed esterification in organic solvents","volume":"44","author":"Chowdary","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2008.06.001","article-title":"Lipases at interfaces: a review","volume":"147","author":"Reis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-005-3087-6","article-title":"Frequent analytical\/experimental problems in lipase-mediated synthesis in solvent-free systems and how to avoid them","volume":"381","author":"Foresti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5535","DOI":"10.1039\/c1ob05401e","article-title":"Trans,trans-2,4-Hexadiene incorporation on enzymes for site-specific immobilization and fluorescent labeling","volume":"9","author":"Filice","year":"2011","journal-title":"Org. Biomol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2380","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CY00415G","article-title":"Novozym 435: the \u201cperfect\u201d lipase immobilized biocatalyst?","volume":"9","author":"Ortiz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Catal. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2013.02.013","article-title":"Investigation of the stability of Novozym\u00ae 435 in the production of biodiesel","volume":"213","author":"Jos\u00e9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2009.12.004","article-title":"Migration of reactive trace compounds from Novozym\u00ae 435 into organic solvents and ionic liquids","volume":"49","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2016.04.007","article-title":"Operational stabilities of different chemical derivatives of novozym 435 in an alcoholysis reaction","volume":"90","author":"Villalba","year":"2016","journal-title":"Enzym. Micro Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.202100712","article-title":"Short-chain alcohols inactivate an immobilized industrial lipase through two different mechanisms","volume":"17","author":"Mangiagalli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00449-017-1855-2","article-title":"Immobilization of CALB on lysine-modified magnetic nanoparticles: influence of the immobilization protocol","volume":"41","author":"Nicol\u00e1s","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib26","first-page":"537","article-title":"Ethyl lactate synthesis by lipase in organic media","volume":"27","author":"Zhao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin. J. Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2008.03.017","article-title":"Stabilization of enzyme activity during the esterification of lactic acid in hydrophobic ethers and ketones as reaction media that are miscible with lactic acid despite their high hydrophobicity","volume":"43","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Enzym. Micro Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s11746-005-1159-1","article-title":"Lipase-catalyzed esterification of lactic acid with straight-chain alcohols","volume":"82","author":"Roenne","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAOCS J. Am. Oil Chem. \u2019 Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-009-1931-x","article-title":"Efficient synthesis of enantiomeric ethyl lactate by candida Antarctica lipase b (CALB)-displaying yeasts","volume":"83","author":"Inaba","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib30","article-title":"Medium engineering of lipase-catalyzed reaction using CO2, JAOCS","author":"Matsuda","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Oil Chem. \u2019 Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib31","article-title":"Facilitating enzymatic reactions by using ionic liquids: a mini review","volume":"27","author":"Elgharbawy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Green Sustain. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2019.06.003","article-title":"Use of deep eutectic solvents in the enzyme catalysed production of ethyl lactate","volume":"84","author":"Ar\u0131kaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.09.130","article-title":"Application of commercial and non-commercial immobilized lipases for biocatalytic production of ethyl lactate in organic solvents","volume":"247","author":"Koutinas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.1935","article-title":"Enzymatic esterification of lactic acid, utilizing the basicity of particular polar organic solvents to suppress the acidity of lactic acid","volume":"83","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2015.10.003","article-title":"Enzyme-catalyzed esterification of d,l-lactic acid in different SCF\/IL media","volume":"107","author":"Primo\u017ei\u010d","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2011.11.006","article-title":"Lipase-catalyzed esterification of lactic acid in supercritical carbon dioxide","volume":"66","author":"Knez","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2006.07.034","article-title":"Synthesis of alkyl (R)-lactates and alkyl (S,S)-O-lactyllactates by alcoholysis of rac-lactide using novozym 435","volume":"47","author":"Jeon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00449-011-0645-5","article-title":"Evaluation of factors influencing the enantioselective enzymatic esterification of lactic acid in ionic liquid","volume":"35","author":"Findrik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/er.3319","article-title":"Green solvent synthesis from biomass based source by biocatalytic membrane reactor","volume":"40","author":"Ugur Nigiz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Energy Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fluid.2005.06.021","article-title":"Oligomer distribution in concentrated lactic acid solutions","volume":"236","author":"Vu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fluid Phase Equilib."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib41","unstructured":"P. Coal, V.N. Glotova, T.N. Bikmullina, A.E. Lukianov, V.T. Novikov, Y.E. Poharukova, Petroleum and Coal Article Open Access LACTIDE AND LACTIC ACID OLIGOMER SOLUBILITY IN CERTAIN SOLVENTS, (n.d.)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1134\/S1061934816080037","article-title":"Spectrophotometric determination of lactic acid","volume":"71","author":"Borshchevskaya","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.1994","article-title":"Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of polylactic acid: an overview of the experimental aspects","volume":"83","author":"Lassalle","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.2478\/s11696-009-0117-4","article-title":"Unique role of water content in enzymatic synthesis of ethyl lactate using ionic liquid as solvent","volume":"64","author":"Major","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Pap."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2444","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29112444","article-title":"Solvent tolerance improvement of lipases enhanced their applications: state of the art","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732_bib46","first-page":"141","article-title":"Reaction kinetics of ethyl lactate synthesis from lactic acid and ethanol catalyzed by lipase","volume":"29","author":"Zhao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin. J. Catal."}],"container-title":["Enzyme and Microbial Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0141022925001528?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0141022925001528?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T12:45:23Z","timestamp":1772801123000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0141022925001528"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0141022925001528"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732","relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-0229"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-0229","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ethyl lactate synthesis in organic media using a magnetic supported CALB","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Enzyme and Microbial Technology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2025.110732","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110732"}}