{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T22:40:30Z","timestamp":1773960030323,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010784","name":"Ocean Frontier Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010784","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010785","name":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010785","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006661","name":"Agri-Futures Nova Scotia Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epidemics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T00:16:05Z","timestamp":1589156165000},"page":"100394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Estimating sea lice infestation pressure on salmon farms: Comparing different methods using multivariate state-space models"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Adel","family":"Elghafghuf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Vanderstichel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larry","family":"Hammell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Stryhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3354\/aei00052","article-title":"Connectivity modelling and network analysis of sea lice infection in Loch Fyne, west coast of Scotland","volume":"3","author":"Adams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aquacult. Env. Interac."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2018.08.001","article-title":"A partly stage-structured model for the abundance of salmon lice in salmonid farms","volume":"26","author":"Aldrin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064039","article-title":"Space-time modelling of the spread of salmon lice between and within Norwegian marine salmon farms","volume":"8","author":"Aldrin","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icesjms.2006.04.017","article-title":"A review of the biology and genetics of sea lice","volume":"63","author":"Boxaspen","year":"2006","journal-title":"ICES J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0025","series-title":"Fish Parasites: Pathobiology and Protection","first-page":"350","article-title":"Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus rogercresseyi","author":"Burka","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.490","article-title":"Wild salmonids and sea louse infestations on the west coast of Scotland: sources of infection and implications for the management of marine salmon farms","volume":"58","author":"Butler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0035","series-title":"Salmon Lice: An Integrated Approach to Understanding Parasite Abundance and Distribution","first-page":"83","article-title":"Sea louse abundance on farmed salmon in the southwestern New Brunswick area of the Bay of Fundy","author":"Chang","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3385","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2009.0771","article-title":"How sea lice from salmon farms may cause wild salmonid declines in Europe and North America and be a threat to fishes elsewhere","volume":"276","author":"Costello","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1890\/13-1486.1","article-title":"Density-dependent state-space model for population-abundance data with unequal time intervals","volume":"95","author":"Dennies","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0050","article-title":"Sea lice monitoring and non-chemical measures","author":"DFO","year":"2014","journal-title":"DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Sci. Advis. Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2018.04.002","article-title":"Using state-space models to predict the abundance of juvenile and adult sea lice on Atlantic salmon","volume":"24","author":"Elghafghuf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12051","article-title":"Sea lice monitoring on Atlantic salmon farms in New Brunswick, Canada: comparing audit and farm staff counts","volume":"36","author":"Elmoslemany","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2013.09.001","article-title":"Emamectin benzoate resistance and fitness in laboratory reared salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis)","volume":"416-417","author":"Espedal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2011.2210","article-title":"Critical thresholds in sea lice epidemics: evidence, sensitivity and subcritical estimation","volume":"279","author":"Frazer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12460","article-title":"Variation in pre-treatment count lead time and its effect on baseline estimates of cage-level sea lice abundance","volume":"39","author":"Gautam","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12519","article-title":"Effect of timing of count events on estimates of sea lice abundance and interpretation of effectiveness following bath treatments","volume":"40","author":"Gautam","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s12562-017-1110-4","article-title":"The development of the Norwegian wrasse fishery and the use of wrasses cleaner fish in the salmon aquaculture industry","volume":"83","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fish. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0090","series-title":"Forecasting, Structural Time Series Models and the Kalman Filter","author":"Harvey","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0095","series-title":"Salmon Lice","article-title":"Introduction: Lepeophtheirus salmonis-a remarkable success story","author":"Hayward","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0100","series-title":"Derivation of the EM Algorithm for Constrained and Unconstrained Multivariate Autoregressive State-space (MARSS) Models","author":"Holmes","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2012-002","article-title":"MARSS: multivariate autoregressive state-space models for analyzing time-series data","volume":"4","author":"Holmes","year":"2012","journal-title":"R J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0110","series-title":"Analysis of Multivariate Time Series Using the MARSS Package. Version 3.10.8","author":"Holmes","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0115","first-page":"709","article-title":"Improved estimators of Kullback-Leibler information for autoregressive model selection in small samples","volume":"77","author":"Hurvich","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2013.03.015","article-title":"Understanding sources of sea lice for salmon farms in Chile","volume":"111","author":"Kristoffersen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2014.09.007","article-title":"Large scale modelling of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infection pressure based on lice monitoring data from Norwegian salmonid farms","volume":"9","author":"Kristoffersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2017.11.001","article-title":"Quantitative risk assessment of salmon louse-induced mortality of seaward-migrating post-smolt Atlantic salmon","volume":"23","author":"Kristoffersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3141","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2007.1122","article-title":"Effects of host migration, diversity and aquaculture on sea lice threats to Pacific salmon populations","volume":"274","author":"Krko\u0161ek","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2016.06.007","article-title":"A simple model of the role of area management in the control of sea lice","volume":"337","author":"Murray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0145","first-page":"54","article-title":"Estimating the cost of sea lice to salmon aquaculture in eastern Canada","volume":"42","author":"Mustafa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4023","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22458-8","article-title":"Association between sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestation on Atlantic salmon farms and juvenile Chum salmon in Muchalat Inlet, Canada","volume":"8","author":"Nekouei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s12080-016-0295-y","article-title":"The dynamics of coupled populations subject to control","volume":"9","author":"Peacock","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theor. Ecol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060096","article-title":"Modeling parasite dynamics on farmed salmon for precautionary conservation management of wild salmon","volume":"8","author":"Rogers","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0165","series-title":"Time Series Analysis and Its Applications: With R Examples","author":"Shumway","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0170","series-title":"Stata Statistical Software: Release 15","author":"StataCorp","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.3354\/meps290263","article-title":"Population dynamics of salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on Atlantic salmon and sea trout","volume":"290","author":"Stien","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0180","series-title":"Modern Applied Statistics with S","author":"Venables","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1080\/10454438.2016.1234877","article-title":"Approaches for controlling sea lice infestation in global salmon farming: what is applicable in Canadian aquaculture industry","volume":"4","author":"Yossa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Aquac."}],"container-title":["Epidemics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1755436520300219?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1755436520300219?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:39:20Z","timestamp":1761698360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1755436520300219"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S1755436520300219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394","relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-4365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-4365","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Estimating sea lice infestation pressure on salmon farms: Comparing different methods using multivariate state-space models","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Epidemics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.epidem.2020.100394","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100394"}}