{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T18:01:01Z","timestamp":1788717661043,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]],"date-time":"2004-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1086048000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]],"date-time":"2004-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1086048000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,7]],"date-time":"2004-07-07T23:50:17Z","timestamp":1089244217000},"page":"1-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["Medical risks in epilepsy: a review with focus on physical injuries, mortality, traffic accidents and their prevention"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Torbj\u00f6rn","family":"Tomson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ettore","family":"Beghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Sundqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svein I","family":"Johannessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB1","unstructured":"Alstr\u00f6m, C.H., 1950. A study of epilepsy in its clinical, social and genetic aspects. Acta Psychiatr. Neurol. Scand. (Suppl. 63), 1\u2013284."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01360.x","article-title":"Epilepsy, vagal nerve stimulation by the NCP system, mortality and sudden, unexpected, unexplained death","volume":"39","author":"Annegers","year":"1998","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1989.tb05308.x","article-title":"Risk of age-related fractures in patients with unprovoked seizures","volume":"30","author":"Annegers","year":"1989","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(01)00306-0","article-title":"Life-threatening adverse events of antiepileptic drugs","volume":"47","author":"Arroyo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB5","unstructured":"Askmark, H., Pettersson, M., 2001. Fatal adverse reactions to antiepileptic drugs, as seen in a spontaneous reporting system. In: Johannessen, S.I., Tomson, T., Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4, M., Pedersen, B. (Eds.), Medical Risks in Epilepsy. Wrightson Biomed. Publ. LTD, Petersfield and Philadelphia, pp. 79\u201394."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beghi, E., 2004. Aetiology of epilepsy. In: Shorvon, S.D., Perucca, E., Fish, D., Dodson, E. (Eds.), The Treatment of Epilepsy. Blackwell Publishing, Malden, Massachusetts, USA, pp. 50\u201363.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470752463.ch4"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB7","unstructured":"Beghi, E., 2001. Accidents and injuries in patients with epilepsy. In: Johannessen, S.I., Tomson, T., Sillanpaa, M., Pedersen, B. (Eds.), Medical Risks in Epilepsy. Wrightson Biomed. Publ. LTD, Petersfield and Philadelphia, pp. 7\u201317."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beghi, E., Cornaggia, C., the RESt-1 Group, 2002. Morbidity and accidents in patients with epilepsy: results of a European cohort study. Epilepsia 43, 1076\u20131083.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2002.18701.x"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1159\/000109689","article-title":"Epilepsy and everyday life risks. A case-referent study: rationale, study design, and preliminary results","volume":"16","author":"Beghi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.7.965","article-title":"The risk of recurrence following a first unprovoked seizure: a quantitative review","volume":"41","author":"Berg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.3.625","article-title":"Driving in adults with refractory localization-related epilepsy. Multi-Center Study of Epilepsy Surgery","volume":"54","author":"Berg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00584-2","article-title":"Cognitive impairment during epileptiform discharges: is it ever justifiable to treat the EEG?","volume":"2","author":"Binnie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bono, A., Beghi, E., Bogliun, G., Cavaletti, G., Curt\u00f2, N., Marzorati, L., Frattola, L., the Collaborative Group for the Study of Epilepsy, 1993. Epilepsia 34, 323\u2013331.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1993.tb02418.x"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1997.tb01733.x","article-title":"Patients\u2019 experiences of injury as a result of epilepsy","volume":"38","author":"Buck","year":"1997","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08779-2","article-title":"Death in children with epilepsy: a population-based study","volume":"359","author":"Camfield","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1996.tb01023.x","article-title":"Outcome after seizure recurrence in people with well-controlled epilepsy and the factors that influence it","volume":"37","author":"Chadwick","year":"1996","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92270-5","article-title":"Mortality from epilepsy: results from a prospective population based study","volume":"344","author":"Cockerell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503233321202","article-title":"Risk factors for hip fracture in white women","volume":"332","author":"Cummings","year":"1995","journal-title":"N. Eng. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7227.94","article-title":"Cross sectional study of reporting of epileptic seizures to general practitioners","volume":"320","author":"Dalrymple","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(03)00119-0","article-title":"Phenytoin and phenobarbital inhibit human HERG potassium channels","volume":"55","author":"Danielsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199104000-00010","article-title":"Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a series from an epilepsy surgery program and speculation on the relationship to sudden cardiac death","volume":"8","author":"Dasheiff","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1996.tb00529.x","article-title":"Sudden unexpected death among subjects with refractory epilepsy","volume":"37","author":"Derby","year":"1996","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(95)00189-1","article-title":"Incidence of five common fracture types in an institutional epileptic population","volume":"27","author":"Desai","year":"1996","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.4065\/78.7.819","article-title":"Seizure-related motor vehicle crashes in Arizona before and after reducing the driving restrictions from 12 to 3 months","volume":"78","author":"Drazkowski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1992.tb02321.x","article-title":"The sudden unexplained death syndrome in epilepsy: demographic, clinical and post-mortem features","volume":"33","author":"Earnest","year":"1992","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB26","unstructured":"European Union Council Directive 1991\/439\/EEC Annex III."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.5.1270","article-title":"Population-based study of the incidence of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy","volume":"51","author":"Ficker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"First Seizure Trial Group, 1993. Randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs in reducing the risk of relapse after a first unprovoked tonic\u2013clonic seizure. Neurology 37, 478\u2013483.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.3_Part_1.478"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.37.10.1613","article-title":"The risk of automobile accidents with seizures while driving","volume":"37","author":"Gastaut","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.296.6637.1659","article-title":"Burns because of epilepsy","volume":"296","author":"Hampton","year":"1988","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199101033240105","article-title":"The effect of epilepsy or diabetes mellitus on the risk of automobile accidents","volume":"324","author":"Hansotia","year":"1991","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1980.tb04088.x","article-title":"Mortality in patients with epilepsy","volume":"21","author":"Hauser","year":"1980","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB33","unstructured":"Hauser, W.A., Hesdorffer, D.C., 1990. Epilepsy. Frequency, Causes and Consequences. Demos Publications, New York, NY."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.6.1276","article-title":"A study of mortality after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery","volume":"53","author":"Hennessy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.21.7.682","article-title":"Unexpected death in young epileptics","volume":"21","author":"Hirsch","year":"1971","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB36","first-page":"59","article-title":"Sudden unexpected death in young persons with primary epilepsy. Pharmacoepidemiol","volume":"1","author":"Jick","year":"1992","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB37","unstructured":"Johannessen, S.I., Tomson, T., Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4, M., Pedersen, B. (Eds.), 2001. Medical Risks in Epilepsy. Wrightson Biomedical Publ., Petersfield, pp. 79\u201394."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.2000.tb00188.x","article-title":"Burns in patients with epilepsy: changes in epidemiology and implications for burn treatment and prevention","volume":"41","author":"Josty","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380101600206","article-title":"Do cognitively normal children with epilepsy have a higher rate of injury than their nonepileptic peers?","volume":"16","author":"Kirsch","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Child Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.56.2.149","article-title":"Mortality in patients with epilepsy: a study of patients in long term residential care","volume":"56","author":"Klenerman","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.67.4.439","article-title":"Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP): a clinical perspective and a search for risk factors","volume":"67","author":"Kloster","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.7.1324","article-title":"Risk factors for seizure-related motor vehicle crashes in patients with epilepsy","volume":"52","author":"Krauss","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7128.339","article-title":"Epilepsy in young people: 23 year follow up of the British national child development study","volume":"316","author":"Kurtz","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1053\/seiz.2000.0388","article-title":"Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP): risk factors and case control studies","volume":"9","author":"Langan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S1059-1311(05)80002-0","article-title":"The incidence of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) in South Dublin and Wicklow","volume":"7","author":"Langan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.68.2.211","article-title":"Sudden death in epilepsy: a series of witnessed deaths","volume":"68","author":"Langan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1997.tb01076.x","article-title":"Sudden unexplained death in epilepsy: observations from a large clinical development program","volume":"38","author":"Leestma","year":"1997","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1984.tb04159.x","article-title":"Sudden unexpected death associated with seizures: analysis of 66 cases","volume":"25","author":"Leestma","year":"1984","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410260203","article-title":"A prospective study on unexpected death in epilepsy","volume":"26","author":"Leestma","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.66.5.692","article-title":"Sudden unexpected death: a rare event in a large community based prospective cohort with newly diagnosed epilepsy and high remission rates","volume":"66","author":"Lhatoo","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.70","article-title":"Mortality in epilepsy in the first 11 to 14 years after diagnosis: multivariate analysis of a long-term, prospective, population-based cohort","volume":"49","author":"Lhatoo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677708992008","article-title":"Incidence of fracture in epileptics","volume":"48","author":"Lidgren","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Orthop. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.2000.tb00124.x","article-title":"Mortality in an adult cohort with newly diagnosed unprovoked epileptic seizure. A population-based study","volume":"41","author":"Lindsten","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.3.435","article-title":"Increased driving accident frequency in Danish patients with epilepsy","volume":"57","author":"Lings","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689208501007","article-title":"Sudden death in epilepsy: an avoidable outcome?","volume":"85","author":"Lip","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb02010.x","article-title":"Short-term mortality after a first epileptic seizure: a population-based study","volume":"40","author":"Loiseau","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Medical Research Council Antiepileptic Drug Withdrawal Group, 1991. Randomised study of antiepileptic drug withdrawal in patients in remission. Lancet 337, 1175\u20131180.","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92856-W"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.44.s4.2.x","article-title":"Reproductive and metabolic disorders in women with epilepsy","volume":"44","author":"Morrell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1993.tb02099.x","article-title":"Seizure-related injuries in multihandicapped patients with therapy-resistant epilepsy","volume":"34","author":"Nakken","year":"1993","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1995.tb01061.x","article-title":"Sudden death in epilepsy: a study of incidence in a young cohort with epilepsy and learning difficulty","volume":"36","author":"Nashef","year":"1995","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.58.4.462","article-title":"Incidence of sudden unexpected death in an adult outpatient cohort with epilepsy at a tertiary referral center","volume":"58","author":"Nashef","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.60.3.297","article-title":"Apnoea and bradycardia during epileptic seizures: relation to sudden death in epilepsy","volume":"60","author":"Nashef","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(98)00105-3","article-title":"Life-long history of injuries related to seizures","volume":"34","author":"Neufeld","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2003.03302.x","article-title":"Mortality in a population-bases cohort of epilepsy surgery patients","volume":"44","author":"Nilsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.22000.x","article-title":"Antiepileptic drug therapy and its management in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy\u2014a case-control study","volume":"42","author":"Nilsson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)05114-9","article-title":"Risk factors for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a case-control study","volume":"353","author":"Nilsson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1997.tb01194.x","article-title":"Cause-specific mortality in epilepsy: a cohort study of more than 9000 patients once hospitalized for epilepsy","volume":"38","author":"Nilsson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01279.x","article-title":"Long-term survival of people with unprovoked seizures: a population-based study","volume":"39","author":"Olafsson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/S1059-1311(02)00352-7","article-title":"Risk factors for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a controlled prospective study based on coroners cases","volume":"12","author":"Opeskin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb01600.x","article-title":"Comparison of antiepileptic drug levels in sudden unexpected deaths in epilepsy with deaths from other causes","volume":"40","author":"Opeskin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08726-3","article-title":"Sudden death in epilepsy: a wake-up call for management","volume":"359","author":"Pedley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2002.15801.x","article-title":"Risk of extremity fractures in adult outpatients with epilepsy","volume":"47","author":"Persson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2003.10.012","article-title":"Carbamazepine affects autonomic cardiac control in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy","volume":"57","author":"Persson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(00)00124-8","article-title":"Assessing risk to benefit ratio in antiepileptic drug therapy","volume":"41","author":"Perucca","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.4.514","article-title":"Mortality in antiepileptic drug development programs","volume":"56","author":"Racoosin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1159\/000054795","article-title":"Cause-specific mortality in adults with unprovoked seizures","volume":"20","author":"Rafnsson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.5.659","article-title":"The frequency and consequences of head injury in epileptic seizures","volume":"52","author":"Russell-Jones","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2003.10.001","article-title":"Does epilepsy surgery lower mortality of drug-resistant epilepsy?","volume":"56","author":"Ryvlin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2002.33800.x","article-title":"Temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: outcome, complications, and late mortality rate in 215 patients","volume":"43","author":"Salanova","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650110920","article-title":"Predictors of ankle and foot fractures in older women. The study of osteoporotic fractures research Group","volume":"11","author":"Seeley","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.66.5.636","article-title":"Mortality in patients with epilepsy: 40 years of follow up in a Dutch cohort study","volume":"66","author":"Shackleton","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Pt. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB82","first-page":"6","article-title":"Injury risk in young people with intellectual disability","volume":"46","author":"Sherrand","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Intellect. Disabil. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199806113382402","article-title":"Long-term prognosis of seizures with onset in childhood","volume":"338","author":"Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4","year":"1998","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199907)46:1<45::AID-ANA8>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Seizure control and mortality in epilepsy","volume":"46","author":"Sperling","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1994.tb02508.x","article-title":"Risk factors for burns as a consequence of seizures in persons with epilepsy","volume":"35","author":"Spitz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.60.6.621","article-title":"Risk of accidents in drivers with epilepsy","volume":"60","author":"Taylor","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB87","first-page":"733","article-title":"Accident experience and notification rates in people with recent seizures, epilepsy or undiagnosed episodes of loss of consciousness","volume":"88","author":"Taylor","year":"1995","journal-title":"Q. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1995.tb01661.x","article-title":"Cohort study of incidence of sudden unexplained death in persons with seizure disorder treated with antiepileptic drugs in Saskatchewan, Canada","volume":"36","author":"Tennis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.25.6.594","article-title":"Unexpected, unexplained death in epileptic patients","volume":"25","author":"Terrence","year":"1975","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2990.2003.00452.x","article-title":"Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP): evidence of acute neuronal injury using HSP-70 and c-Jun immunohistochemistry","volume":"29","author":"Thom","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S1059-1311(05)80142-6","article-title":"Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a local audit","volume":"2","author":"Timmings","year":"1993","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S1059-1311(98)80020-4","article-title":"Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: is carbamazepine implicated?","volume":"7","author":"Timmings","year":"1998","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(97)00094-6","article-title":"Heart rate variability in patients with epilepsy","volume":"30","author":"Tomson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.4.519","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a prospective cohort study","volume":"56","author":"Walczak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van den Broek, M., Beghi, E., for the RESt-1 Group, 2004. Accidents in patients with epilepsy: types, circumstances, and complications: a European cohort study. Epilepsia 45, 667\u2013672.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.33903.x"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1999.tb00675.x","article-title":"Fracture risk is increased in epilepsy","volume":"99","author":"Vestergaard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)91505-8","article-title":"Anticonvulsant drugs and cancer. A cohort study in patients with severe epilepsy","volume":"2","author":"White","year":"1979","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1996.00550090141020","article-title":"Accidental injury is a serious risk in children with typical absence epilepsy","volume":"53","author":"Wirrell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1974.tb04941.x","article-title":"Epilepsy and mortality rate and cause of death","volume":"15","author":"Zielinski","year":"1974","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004_BIB100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1997.86.3.0433","article-title":"Head injuries due to falls caused by seizures: a group at high risk for traumatic intracranial hematomas","volume":"86","author":"Zwimpfer","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."}],"container-title":["Epilepsy Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0920121104000944?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0920121104000944?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T13:13:46Z","timestamp":1760274826000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0920121104000944"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0920121104000944"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-1211"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-1211","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Medical risks in epilepsy: a review with focus on physical injuries, mortality, traffic accidents and their prevention","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Epilepsy Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.05.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}