{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T15:28:47Z","timestamp":1790263727082,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,2]],"date-time":"2015-05-02T19:23:40Z","timestamp":1430594620000},"page":"52-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Management of generalised convulsive status epilepticus (SE): A prospective randomised controlled study of combined treatment with intravenous lorazepam with either phenytoin, sodium valproate or levetiracetam \u2013 Pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"R.C.","family":"Mundlamuri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8339-7327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.K.","family":"Subbakrishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.V.","family":"Prathyusha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Nagappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.S.","family":"Bindu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.B.","family":"Taly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.S.","family":"Umamaheswara Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Satishchandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2007.04.012","article-title":"Randomized study of intravenous valproate and phenytoin in status epilepticus","volume":"16","author":"Agarwal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Seizure J. Br. Epilepsy Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2010.10.009","article-title":"Efficacy of intravenous levetiracetam as an add-on treatment in status epilepticus: a multicentric observational study","volume":"20","author":"Aiguabella","year":"2011","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03056.x","article-title":"Second-line status epilepticus treatment: comparison of phenytoin, valproate, and levetiracetam","volume":"52","author":"Alvarez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5166-7","article-title":"Intravenous levetiracetam as treatment for status epilepticus","volume":"256","author":"Berning","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2004.00943.x","article-title":"A systematic review of the epidemiology of status epilepticus","volume":"11","author":"Chin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2009.05.020","article-title":"Two years of experience in the treatment of status epilepticus with intravenous levetiracetam","volume":"15","author":"Eue","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(98)80106-9","article-title":"Use of midazolam in the treatment of refractory status epilepticus","volume":"20","author":"Hanley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.01101.x","article-title":"Incidence of status epilepticus in adults in Germany: a prospective, population-based study","volume":"42","author":"Knake","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.130260","article-title":"Intravenous levetiracetam in the treatment of benzodiazepine refractory status epilepticus","volume":"79","author":"Knake","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl. 11","key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.00409.x","article-title":"Mortality after a first episode of status epilepticus in the United States and Europe","volume":"46","author":"Logroscino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.2.205","article-title":"Refractory status epilepticus: frequency, risk factors, and impact on outcome","volume":"59","author":"Mayer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02917.x","article-title":"EFNS guideline on the management of status epilepticus in adults","volume":"17","author":"Meierkord","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000224880.35053.26","article-title":"Sodium valproate vs phenytoin in status epilepticus: a pilot study","volume":"67","author":"Misra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6227-2","article-title":"Levetiracetam versus lorazepam in status epilepticus: a randomized, open labeled pilot study","volume":"259","author":"Misra","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02323.x","article-title":"Refractory status epilepticus: a prospective observational study","volume":"51","author":"Novy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2007.02931.x","article-title":"Anticonvulsant therapy for status epilepticus","volume":"63","author":"Prasad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-0989-1","article-title":"Status Epilepticus Severity Score (STESS): a tool to orient early treatment strategy","volume":"255","author":"Rossetti","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01344.x","article-title":"What is nonconvulsive status epilepticus, and what are its subtypes?","volume":"48","author":"Shorvon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2802","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr215","article-title":"The treatment of super-refractory status epilepticus: a critical review of available therapies and a clinical treatment protocol","volume":"134","author":"Shorvon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2010.07.012","article-title":"Fatal status epilepticus: a clinico-pathological analysis among 100 patients: from a developing country perspective","volume":"91","author":"Sinha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.11.007","article-title":"Refractory status epilepticus: a developing country perspective","volume":"290","author":"Sinha","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12064","article-title":"Mortality and recovery from refractory status epilepticus in the intensive care unit: a 7-year observational study","volume":"54","author":"Sutter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199809173391202","article-title":"A comparison of four treatments for generalized convulsive status epilepticus. Veterans Affairs Status Epilepticus Cooperative Study Group","volume":"339","author":"Treiman","year":"1998","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2013.12.007","article-title":"The relative effectiveness of five antiepileptic drugs in treatment of benzodiazepine-resistant convulsive status epilepticus: a meta-analysis of published studies","volume":"23","author":"Yasiry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Seizure"}],"container-title":["Epilepsy Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0920121115000868?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0920121115000868?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T13:33:09Z","timestamp":1760275989000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0920121115000868"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["S0920121115000868"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-1211"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-1211","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Management of generalised convulsive status epilepticus (SE): A prospective randomised controlled study of combined treatment with intravenous lorazepam with either phenytoin, sodium valproate or levetiracetam \u2013 Pilot study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Epilepsy Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.04.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}