{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T17:19:30Z","timestamp":1789147170345,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003968","name":"Iran National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["96002757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["96002757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T00:07:00Z","timestamp":1589155620000},"page":"106362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Anticonvulsant Effects of Thalidomide on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizure in Mice: A Role for Opioidergic and Nitrergic Transmissions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Nastaran","family":"Pourshadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nastaran","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Ghasemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hedyeh","family":"Faghir-Ghanesefat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Sharifzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Reza","family":"Dehpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.07.016","article-title":"Exposure to GSM 900-MHz mobile radiation impaired inhibitory avoidance memory consolidation in rat: Involvements of opioidergic and nitrergic systems","volume":"1701","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2009.01.003","article-title":"Involvement of nitrergic system in the anticonvulsant effect of the cannabinoid CB(1) agonist ACEA in the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in mice","volume":"84","author":"Bahremand","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsy research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.04.014","article-title":"Agmatine enhances the anticonvulsant effect of lithium chloride on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice: Involvement of L-arginine\/nitric oxide pathway","volume":"18","author":"Bahremand","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00245","article-title":"The opioid system in temporal lobe epilepsy: functional role and therapeutic potential","volume":"10","author":"Burtscher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in molecular neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410320302","article-title":"A novel neuronal messenger molecule in brain: the free radical, nitric oxide","volume":"32","author":"Dawson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology: Official Journal of the American Neurological Association and the Child Neurology Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.06.002","article-title":"Pathologic role of glial nitric oxide in adult and pediatric neuroinflammatory diseases","volume":"45","author":"Ghasemi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.02.017","article-title":"Nitric Oxide and Mitochondrial Function in Neurological Diseases","volume":"376","author":"Ghasemi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2010.06.010","article-title":"Inhibition of NMDA receptor\/NO signaling blocked tolerance to the anticonvulsant effect of morphine on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice","volume":"91","author":"Ghasemi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsy research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.11.005","article-title":"Hypoxia\/ischemia a key player in early post stroke seizures: modulation by opioidergic and nitrergic systems","volume":"746","author":"Gooshe","year":"2015","journal-title":"European journal of pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.08.114","article-title":"Thalidomide alleviates postoperative pain and spatial memory deficit in aged rats","volume":"95","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.03.013","article-title":"Resistance to depression through interference of opioid and nitrergic systems in bile-duct ligated mice","volume":"708","author":"Haj-Mirzaian","year":"2013","journal-title":"European journal of pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2015.11.020","article-title":"Possible involvement of nitrergic and opioidergic systems in the modulatory effect of acute chloroquine treatment on pentylenetetrazol induced convulsions in mice","volume":"121","author":"Hassanipour","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain research bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm255","article-title":"Imaging of opioid receptors in the central nervous system","volume":"131","author":"Henriksen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2002.49701.x","article-title":"The role of alpha2-adrenoceptors in the modulatory effects of morphine on seizure susceptibility in mice","volume":"43","author":"Homayoun","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(01)00316-3","article-title":"The role of nitric oxide in anticonvulsant and proconvulsant effects of morphine in mice","volume":"48","author":"Homayoun","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epilepsy research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2002.02658.x","article-title":"The additive effect of opioids and nitric oxide in increasing pentylenetetrazole\u2010induced seizure threshold in cholestatic mice","volume":"17","author":"Homayoun","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.09.018","article-title":"Lithium inhibits the modulatory effects of morphine on susceptibility to pentylenetetrazole-induced clonic seizure in mice: involvement of a nitric oxide pathway","volume":"1029","author":"Honar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.43.671","article-title":"Thalidomide protects against acute pentylenetetrazol and pilocarpine-induced seizures in mice","volume":"43","author":"Islas-Espinoza","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of toxicological sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-010-0619-9","article-title":"Teratogenic effects of thalidomide: molecular mechanisms","volume":"68","author":"Ito","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.12.002","article-title":"Thalidomide attenuates development of morphine dependence in mice by inhibiting PI3K\/Akt and nitric oxide signaling pathways","volume":"82","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.11.056","article-title":"Thalidomide attenuates the development and expression of antinociceptive tolerance to \u03bc-opioid agonist morphine through l-arginine-iNOS and nitric oxide pathway","volume":"85","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(02)01077-8","article-title":"Mediation of nitric oxide in inhibitory effect of morphine against electroshock-induced convulsions in mice","volume":"74","author":"Khavandgar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033","article-title":"Opioid receptors: from binding sites to visible molecules in vivo","volume":"56","author":"Kieffer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2013.65.4.331","article-title":"Synergistic anti-allodynic effect between intraperitoneal thalidomide and morphine on rat spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain","volume":"65","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1086\/315754","article-title":"Effect of thalidomide on chemokine production by human microglia","volume":"182","author":"Lokensgard","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journal of infectious diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0130","first-page":"1616","article-title":"Thalidomide inhibits tumor necrosis factor \u03b1, decreases nitric oxide synthesis, and ameliorates the hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome in portal\u2010hypertensive rats","volume":"23","author":"Lopez\u2010Talavera","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(94)90171-6","article-title":"Inhibition of clonic seizure-like excitatory effects induced by intrathecal morphine using two NMDA receptor antagonists: MK-801 and ACEA-1011","volume":"252","author":"Lutfy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12702","article-title":"In vivo opioid receptor heteromerization: where do we stand?","volume":"172","author":"Massotte","year":"2015","journal-title":"British journal of pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106563","article-title":"Modulatory effect of opioid ligands on status epilepticus and the role of nitric oxide pathway","volume":"101","author":"Meskinimood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.04.017","article-title":"The interaction of adenosine and morphine on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure threshold in mice","volume":"72","author":"Moezi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2011.01.014","article-title":"A role for opioid system in the proconvulsant effects of sildenafil on the pentylenetetrazole-induced clonic seizure in mice","volume":"20","author":"Montaser-Kouhsari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3215","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22463","article-title":"Opioid system functional regulation in neurological disease management","volume":"88","author":"Nandhu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of neuroscience research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0b013e3283618aab","article-title":"Involvement of opioidergic and nitrergic systems in memory acquisition and exploratory behaviors in cholestatic mice","volume":"24","author":"Nasehi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behavioural pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-013-0096-4","article-title":"Targeted opioid receptor antagonists in the treatment of alcohol use disorders","volume":"27","author":"Niciu","year":"2013","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2004.06.026","article-title":"Phenylhomophthalimide-type NOS inhibitors derived from thalidomide","volume":"14","author":"Noguchi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.03.010","article-title":"Thalidomide inhibits pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures","volume":"258","author":"Palencia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the neurological sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2015.02.004","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of thalidomide on MPTP-induced toxicity","volume":"47","author":"Palencia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2010.10.003","article-title":"Thalidomide for treatment of refractory epilepsy","volume":"92","author":"Palencia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsy research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.02.043","article-title":"Anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of thalidomide on cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury in rats","volume":"351","author":"Palencia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the neurological sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2011.04.008","article-title":"Strong anticonvulsant effect of thalidomide on amygdaloid kindling","volume":"95","author":"Palencia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2013.05.022","article-title":"Role of nitric oxide in additive anticonvulsant effects of agmatine and morphine","volume":"118","author":"Payandemehr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiology & behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2014.03.020","article-title":"Nitric oxide mediates the anticonvulsant effects of thalidomide on pentylenetetrazole-induced clonic seizures in mice","volume":"34","author":"Payandemehr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsy & Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2017.11.010","article-title":"Cirrhosis induced by bile duct ligation alleviates acetic acid intestinal damages in rats: Involvements of nitrergic and opioidergic systems","volume":"70","author":"Rahimi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacological Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2008.10.011","article-title":"Tolerance to the anticonvulsant effect of morphine in mice: blockage by ultra-low dose naltrexone","volume":"83","author":"Roshanpour","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsy research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2019.112572","article-title":"Involvement of the nitric oxide pathway in the anti-depressant-like effects of thalidomide in mice","author":"Rostamian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiology & behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(82)90112-5","article-title":"Convulsant and anticonvulsant effects of opioids: relationship to GABA-mediated transmission","volume":"21","author":"Sagratella","year":"1982","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.07.068","article-title":"Cereblon is recruited to aggresome and shows cytoprotective effect against ubiquitin-proteasome system dysfunction","volume":"464","author":"Sawamura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochemical and biophysical research communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20911-2","article-title":"The Neuroprotective Effect of Thalidomide against Ischemia through the Cereblon-mediated Repression of AMPK Activity","volume":"8","author":"Sawamura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2007.04.005","article-title":"Role of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in the biphasic effects of morphine on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure threshold in mice","volume":"75","author":"Shafaroodi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsy research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.04.011","article-title":"The interaction of cannabinoids and opioids on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure threshold in mice","volume":"47","author":"Shafaroodi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.52.498","article-title":"Thalidomide as a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and its structural development","volume":"52","author":"Shimazawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1960.tb01217.x","article-title":"Pharmacological properties of thalidomide (\u03b1\u2010phthalimido glutarimide), a new sedative hypnotic drug","volume":"15","author":"Somers","year":"1960","journal-title":"British journal of pharmacology and chemotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24124","article-title":"Administrations of thalidomide into the rostral ventromedial medulla produce antinociceptive effects in a rat model of postoperative pain","volume":"96","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of neuroscience research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-011-0106-4","article-title":"Possible mechanism of protective effect of thalidomide in STZ-induced-neuropathic pain behavior in rats","volume":"20","author":"Taliyan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4126","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i14.4126","article-title":"Thalidomide ameliorates portal hypertension via nitric oxide synthase independent reduced systolic blood pressure","volume":"21","author":"Theodorakis","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.2174\/1874091X01105010037","article-title":"Thalidomide Analogues Suppress Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Synthesis of TNF-\u03b1 and Nitrite, an Intermediate of Nitric Oxide, in a Cellular Model of Inflammation","volume":"5","author":"Tweedie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Open Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrc.21096","article-title":"Thalidomide-induced teratogenesis: history and mechanisms","volume":"105","author":"Vargesson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193418805249","article-title":"The teratogenic effects of thalidomide on limbs","volume":"44","author":"Vargesson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.01.001","article-title":"Opioid pharmaceuticals and addiction: the issues, and research directions seeking solutions","volume":"108","author":"Walwyn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug and alcohol dependence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)03712-7","article-title":"Effects of methadone and morphine of the electroencephalogram of the dog","volume":"98","author":"Wikler","year":"1950","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2007.05.002","article-title":"Melatonin enhances the anticonvulsant and proconvulsant effects of morphine in mice: role for nitric oxide signaling pathway","volume":"75","author":"Yahyavi-Firouz-Abadi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsy research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2009.01983.x","article-title":"Inhibition of hepatic tumour necrosis factor-alpha attenuates the anandamide-induced vasoconstrictive response in cirrhotic rat livers","volume":"29","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-016-2041-7","article-title":"Thalidomide promotes morphine efficacy and prevents morphine-induced tolerance in rats with diabetic neuropathy","volume":"41","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurochemical research"}],"container-title":["Epilepsy Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0920121119306709?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0920121119306709?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T13:43:46Z","timestamp":1760276626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0920121119306709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["S0920121119306709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-1211"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-1211","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Anticonvulsant Effects of Thalidomide on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizure in Mice: A Role for Opioidergic and Nitrergic Transmissions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Epilepsy Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2020.106362","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106362"}}