{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T17:20:05Z","timestamp":1793035205541,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81772950"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81772950"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81902499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81902499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aacejournalendocrinepractice.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Endocrine Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T15:48:00Z","timestamp":1612540080000},"page":"152-157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Adrenocorticotropic Hormone-Producing Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangbing","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renyi","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib1","series-title":"WHO Classification of Tumours of Endocrine Organs","first-page":"175","article-title":"WHO classification of neoplasms of the neuroendocrine pancreas","author":"Kl\u00f6ppel","year":"2017"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.12.003","article-title":"Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: clinical features, diagnosis and medical treatment: advances","volume":"26","author":"Ito","year":"2012","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-007-2056-6","article-title":"Preliminary results of a Japanese nationwide survey of neuroendocrine gastrointestinal tumors","volume":"42","author":"Ito","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2008-0259","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas","volume":"14","author":"Ehehalt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2019.04.014","article-title":"Evaluation and management of neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas","volume":"99","author":"Scott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-001-0032-5","article-title":"Cushing syndrome due to ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion","volume":"25","author":"Aniszewski","year":"2001","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302007000800007","article-title":"Ectopic ACTH syndrome","volume":"51","author":"Isidori","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3731","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-032164","article-title":"Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with ectopic adrenocorticotropin production upon second recurrence","volume":"89","author":"Miehle","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib9","series-title":"Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Practical Approach to Diagnosis, Classification, and Therapy","first-page":"109","article-title":"ACTH-Producing Tumor","author":"Uccella","year":"2015"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700580408","article-title":"Basophilism and carcinoma of the pancreas","volume":"58","author":"Crooke","year":"1946","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pathol Bacteriol"},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib11","first-page":"783","article-title":"Cushing's disease and cancer of the pancreas","volume":"58","author":"Del Castillo","year":"1950","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000340","article-title":"ACTH-secreting pancreatic neoplasms associated with Cushing syndrome: clinicopathologic study of 11 cases and review of the literature","volume":"39","author":"Maragliano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.4377","article-title":"One hundred years after \"carcinoid\": epidemiology of and prognostic factors for neuroendocrine tumors in 35,825 cases in the United States","volume":"26","author":"Yao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib15","first-page":"29","article-title":"Ectopic Cushing's syndrome caused by a functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour in a patient with von Hippel-Lindau disease","volume":"27","author":"Benitez Velazco","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Esp Med Nucl"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib16","first-page":"9","article-title":"Von Hippel-Lindau disease with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor causing ectopic Cushing's syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Hatipoglu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib17","article-title":"MON-318 selective ACTH sampling in localizing source of ACTH in Von Hippel-Lindau disease with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour and renal cell carcinoma","volume":"3","author":"Singarayar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endocr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib18","series-title":"Ectopic ACTH syndrome due to MEN-I associated metastatic neuroendocrine pancreatic gastrinoma in a 22 year old female without hyperparathyroidism: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges","author":"Magaji","year":"2012"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.4.4.190","article-title":"Unusual manifestations of Cushing's syndrome in a multiple endocrine neoplasia type I kindred","volume":"4","author":"Sundaram","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annpat.2017.10.003","article-title":"Classification of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: changes made in the 2017 WHO classification of tumours of endocrine organs and perspectives for the future","volume":"37","author":"Scoazec","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annales de pathologie"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2018.0040","article-title":"What is new in the 2017 World Health Organization classification and 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging System for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms?","volume":"20","author":"Choe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0000000000000201","article-title":"Neoplasms of the neuroendocrine pancreas: an update in the classification, definition, and molecular genetic advances","volume":"26","author":"Guilmette","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Anat Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-006-0250-1","article-title":"TNM staging of foregut (neuro)endocrine tumors: a consensus proposal including a grading system","volume":"449","author":"Rindi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib24","first-page":"636","article-title":"Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone production by a non-metastatic gastrinoma after long-term conservative treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Raddatz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-948212","article-title":"Ectopic Cushing's syndrome due to concurrent corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secreted by malignant gastrinoma","volume":"115","author":"Park","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198412000-00004","article-title":"Pancreatic islet cell tumor associated with Cushing's syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Clark","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19811015)48:8<1873::AID-CNCR2820480826>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Cushing's syndrome secondary to a neuroendocrine tumor: relapse after bilateral adrenalectomy","volume":"48","author":"Kitchens","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-68-5-988","article-title":"Suppression of ectopic adrenocorticotropin secretion by the long-acting somatostatin analog octreotide","volume":"68","author":"Bertagna","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib29","series-title":"Cushing's Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment","first-page":"163","article-title":"ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome: clinical and diagnostic aspects, and treatment approaches for ectopic Cushing\u2019s syndrome","author":"Alexandraki","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib30","article-title":"An uncommon case of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome from a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.21037\/gs.2017.10.08","article-title":"Management of functional neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas","volume":"7","author":"Oberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gland Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib32","first-page":"238","article-title":"An adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting malignant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor","volume":"80","author":"Song","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1159\/000471879","article-title":"ENETS consensus guidelines for the standards of care in neuroendocrine tumors: radiological, nuclear medicine & hybrid imaging","volume":"105","author":"Sundin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-017-9438-8","article-title":"Hormone secreting gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasias (GEP-NEN): when to consider, how to diagnose?","volume":"18","author":"Fottner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181ce1447","article-title":"Pathology reporting of neuroendocrine tumors: application of the Delphic consensus process to the development of a minimum pathology data set","volume":"34","author":"Klimstra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1159\/000457956","article-title":"ENETS consensus guidelines for the standards of care in neuroendocrine tumors: pathology: diagnosis and prognostic stratification","volume":"105","author":"Perren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.21037\/cco.2019.04.01","article-title":"Current treatment status in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0968","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical features of the ectopic ACTH syndrome in patients with gastroenteropancreatic and thoracic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"174","author":"Kamp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11060828","article-title":"Treatment options for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"11","author":"Akirov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1428","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-672020180001e1428","article-title":"Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: surgical resection","volume":"32","author":"Belotto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arq Bras Cir Dig"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2004.02.031","article-title":"Adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pancreatic islet cell carcinoma","volume":"199","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012_bib42","series-title":"Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Practical Approach to Diagnosis, Classification, and Therapy","first-page":"191","article-title":"Medical therapy of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms","author":"Fazio","year":"2015"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1530891X20483843?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1530891X20483843?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T22:09:07Z","timestamp":1761516547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1530891X20483843"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1530891X20483843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-891X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-891X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Adrenocorticotropic Hormone-Producing Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Systematic Review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Endocrine Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 AACE. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}